Xanthopimpla clivulus Townes & Chiu, 1970

Pham, Nhi Thi, Broad, Gavin R., Matsumoto, Rikio & Wägele, Wolfgang J., 2011, 3056, Zootaxa 3056, pp. 1-67 : 14-15

Xanthopimpla clivulus Townes & Chiu, 1970

Xanthopimpla clivulus Townes & Chiu, 1970 . Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst., 14: 160.

Xanthopimpla clivulus clivulus Townes & Chiu, 1970 . Holotype: ♀, Indonesia: Java (AEIC).

Xanthopimpla clivulus indica Townes & Chiu, 1970 . Holotype: ♀, India (GPTA). Secondary homonym. New synonym. Xanthopimpla clivulus indicata Gupta, 1987 replacement name. New synonym.

Diagnosis. Mesoscutum with vertical crest anteriorly; scutellum conical with sharp point; outer margin of subtegular ridge moderately sharp; ovipositor decurved; ovipositor sheath 0.3x hind tibia.

Distribution. Pham & Khuat (2008) have previously recorded this species from Vietnam. Outside Vietnam, X. clivulus has been recorded from India, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia ( Yu et al. 2005).

Remarks. Two subspecies have been recognised: X. clivulus clivulus from Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia (Java) differs from X. clivulus indicata Gupta from India by the presence of black spots on the second tergite and a median black mark on the posterior face of the hind tibia. The specimens collected in Vietnam from Thai Nguyen, Phu Tho and Dak Lak provinces agree well with X. clivulus clivulus ; the specimens collected from Vinh Phuc and Bac Can provinces have the second tergite entirely yellow but with a postmedian black mark on the hind tibia, suggesting that these ‘subspecies’ intergrade along a geographical cline in the extent of black markings. We hereby synonymise these names.

Material examined. Vinh Phuc, Phuc Yen, Ngoc Thanh : 1♀ ( IEBR), 150 m a.s.l, 11.x.2005, N. T. Pham leg. ; Bac Can , Ba Be NP: 1♀ ( OMNH), 200 m a.s.l, 22°23’N 105°37’E, 01.v.2006, R. Matsumoto leg. ; Thai Nguyen, Dai Tu, Cat Ne : 1♀ ( IEBR), 15.xii.2006, L. D. Khuat leg. ; Dak Lak, Easo NP: 1♂ ( IEBR), 310 m a.s.l, 12°55.93’N 108°37.964’E, 27.vii.2008, H. T. Ngo leg. ; Phu Tho, Xuan Son NP: 1♂ ( IEBR), 06–10.vi.2009, L. D. Khuat leg.