Taygetis ypthima Huebner , [1821]

Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Zacca, Thamara, Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Freitas, Andre Victor Lucci, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2013, The " Taygetis ypthima species group " (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species, ZooKeys 356, pp. 11-29 : 15-16

Taygetis ypthima Huebner, [1821] Figs 2 A–H; 6 F–J; 7C, D

Examined material.

BRASIL - Bahia: Jitaúna - 25-III-1969, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27. 720 (DZUP). Rio de Contas, 150 m, 4-III-1969, 1 female, H. Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.721 (DZUP). Minas Gerais: Alfenas - 27-I-2012, 1 male, Brito leg., VPI2.2-214 (ZUEC). Camanducaia - Monteverde, 1650m, 8-II-1979, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.646 (DZUP); Cambuquira - 10-XII-1968, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.432, DZ 26.433 (DZUP); 12-X-1968, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 26.434 (DZUP); 15-IX-1969, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.647 (DZUP); Conceição dos Ouros - Rio Sapucaí, 24-II-1968, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.648 (DZUP); Marliéria - Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, 200 m, 08-IX-1972, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.718 (DZUP); 16-III-1972, 1 male, H. & H. D. Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.719 (DZUP). Itamonte - Vargem Grande, 1600m, 17-II-2010, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 27.554 (DZUP); NE side of Itatiaia, 1300m, II-1959, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.671 (DZUP); Passa Quatro - Paiolinho, Fazenda Serra Fina, 1600m, 16-II-2010, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 27.645 (DZUP); Virgínia - Fazenda dos Campos, 1500m, 13-15-II-2010, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 27.540 (DZUP). Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo - 1000m, 23-I-1983, 1 female, O.-C. Mielke leg., DZ 27.644 (DZUP); Itatiaia - 900m, 23-I-1936, 1 male, Gagarin leg., ex-coll. Gargarin, DZ 27.472; II-1958, 2 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.634, DZ 27.635 (DZUP); 1600m, 14-II-1956, 1 male and 2 females, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.637, DZ 27.638, DZ 27.639 (DZUP); Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Maromba, 1100m, 06-09-II-2011, 1 female, Freitas leg., ZUEC LEP 5.372 (ZUEC); Petrópolis - Independência, 900m, 13-III-1933, 1 male, Gargarin leg., ex-coll. Gagarin, DZ 27.655 (DZUP); Rio de Janeiro - 14-XI-1920, 1 male, D’Almeida leg., ex-coll. D’Almeida, DZ 27.654 (DZUP); Teresópolis - 1600m, 20-II-1967, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.637 (DZUP). São Paulo: Apiaí - IV-1972, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.636 (DZUP); Campos do Jordão - I.1966, 5 males and 3 females, without collector, DZ 27.369, DZ 27.579, DZ 27.588, DZ 27.589, DZ 27.591, DZ 27.597, DZ 27.602, DZ 27.603 (DZUP); 1600-2000m, 8-12-II-1982, 2 males, Mielke & Casagrande, DZ 27.587, DZ 27.595 (DZUP); Parque Estadual Campos do Jordão, 1950m, 10-II-1968, 2 males, Mielke, Brown & Laroca leg., DZ 27.593, DZ 27.600 (DZUP); 1800m, 11-12-I-2001, 1 female, Brown & Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); Capão Bonito - Fazenda Intervales, Sede, 950-1100m, 30-XII-1989, 1 female, Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); 15-II-2000, 2 females, Brown, Freitas, Francini & Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 1.776 (ZUEC); 13-XII-2000, 1 male and 1 female, Brown, Freitas, Francini & Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 4.731, ZUEC LEP 4.732 (ZUEC); 5-6-XII-2001, 1 male and 1 female, Brown & Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); 15-I-2002, 1 female, Brown, Freitas, Francini & Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 802 (ZUEC); 17-I-2003, 2 males and 2 females, Brown, Freitas, Francini & Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 1.028, ZUEC LEP 1.547, ZUEC LEP 1.548, ZUEC LEP 1.549 (ZUEC); 19-I-2003, 3 males, Brown, Freitas & Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 1.180, ZUEC LEP 1.286, ZUEC LEP 1.305 (ZUEC); Cotia - Morro Grande, 900-1100m, 15-III-2000, 1 female, Uehara-Prado & Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); 22-XII-2000, 1 female, Brown & Uehara-Prado leg. ZUEC LEP 1.781 (ZUEC); Imbariê - 7-I-1956, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.633 (DZUP); Jundiaí - Serra do Japi, 11-V-2012, 1 female, Santos leg., BLU 246 (ZUEC); Piquete - Barreira de Piquete, 1400-1600m, 15-II-1984, 2 males, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 27.585, DZ 27.596 (DZUP); Presidente Venceslau - without date, 2 males and 4 females, D’Almeida leg., DZ 27.656, DZ 27.657, DZ 27.658, DZ 27.659, DZ 27.660, DZ 27.661 (DZUP); Rio Claro - 60m, 6-I-1964, 5 males and 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.392, DZ 5.500, DZ 27.663, DZ 27.630, DZ 27.631, DZ 27.632 (DZUP); 16-V-1965, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.662 (DZUP); Salesópolis - Estação Biológica da Boraceia, 900m, 21-II-2006, 1 male, Uehara-Prado & Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); 27-III-2006, 1 male, Uehara-Prado & Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); Umuarama - 1800m, 8-15-III-1937, 8 males and 2 females, Gargarin leg., ex-coll. Gagarin, DZ 27.584, DZ 27.586, DZ 27.590, DZ 27.592, DZ 27.593, DZ 27.594, DZ 27.598, DZ 27.599, DZ 27.601, DZ 27.632 (DZUP). Paraná: Foz do Iguaçu - 250m, 17-II-1969, 3 males, Moure & Mielke leg., DZ 26.741, DZ 1.626, DZ 27.368 (DZUP); 10-X-1969, 1 male, Krause leg., DZ 26.740 (DZUP); Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, 21-24-IV-1996, 2 females, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 26.743, DZ 26.769 (DZUP); Curitiba - 900m, 20-III-1980, 1 male, O. Mielke leg., DZ 27.405 (DZUP); Uberaba, Tirol das Torres, 900m, 5-II-2010, 1 female, O. Mielke leg., DZ 26.742 (DZUP); Rolândia - Rio Tibagi, 750m, XII-1941, 1 male, Waltz leg., DZ 27.397 (DZUP). Santa Catarina: Canoinhas - I, 1 male, Pohl leg., DZ 27.667 (DZUP); 16-IX-1941, 1 male, Schimith leg., DZ 27.668 (DZUP); Ibirama - I, 1 male, Pohl leg., DZ 27.666 (DZUP); VIII, 1 female, Pohl leg., DZ 27.670 (DZUP); XII, Pohl leg., DZ 27.669 (DZUP); Itaiópolis - 26-III-1937, 1 male, D’Almeida leg., ex-coll. D’Almeida, DZ 27.549 (DZUP); Itajaí– Agrolândia, 400m, II-1973, 1 female, Wulff leg., DZ 27.665 (DZUP); Joinville - 5-III-1974, 1 male, O. Mielke leg., DZ 26.778 (DZUP); São Bento do Sul - Rio Vermelho, 850m, 10-IV-1980, 1 female, Rank leg., DZ 27.640 (DZUP); 950m, 23-I-1982, 1 male, Rank leg., DZ 26.815 (DZUP); 650m, 30-I-1982, 1 male, Rank leg., DZ 26.816 (DZUP); 850m, 7-XII-1969, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.649 (DZUP); 8-I-1971, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.643 (DZUP); 10-I-1971, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.641 (DZUP); 7-VIII-1971, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.650 (DZUP); 3-X-1971, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 5.499 (DZUP); 5-XII-1969, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.642, DZ 27.651 (DZUP); 6-XII-1969, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 26.429, DZ 27.653 (DZUP); 4-III-1980, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.652 (DZUP); 8-V-1980, 1 male, Rank leg., DZ 27.664 (DZUP); Taió - February, 1 male, Pohl leg., DZ 27.666 (DZUP). Rio Grande do Sul: São José do Inhacorá - Alto Uruguai, 2-V-1980, 1 male, Steiniger leg., DZ 26.770 (DZUP). PARAGUAY - General Dias: Itaquiri - 400m, 15-20-I-1980, 5 males and 5 females, O.-C. Mielke & Myers leg., DZ 27.708, DZ 27.709, DZ 27.710, DZ 27.711, DZ 27.712, DZ 27.713, DZ 27.714, DZ 27.715, DZ 27.716, DZ 27.717 (DZUP). ARGENTINA - Corrientes: Santo Tomé - I-1924, 1 male, D’Almeida leg., ex-coll. D’Almeida, DZ 27.522 (DZUP). Misiones: General Manuel Belgrano - Almirante Brown, Reserva Yacutinga, 2-5-III-2007, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 27.531 (DZUP). Tucumán: Ibatim - Pueblo Viejo, 850m, 25-I-1970, 1 female, O. Mielke leg., DZ 27.707 (DZUP).

Diagnosis.

Taygetis ypthima can be distinguished from Taygetis drogoni by the forewing underside submarginal band, not conspicuously constricted at M3; the proximal line is oblique in M3-CuA1 to the direction of the base of the wing, disjointed of the remainder of the line from CuA1 to the inner margin; submarginal band irregular, but about the same width from M1 to the inner margin, sometimes slightly wider at M3-CuA1; hind wing underside with the discal line curved and irregular, extending from the costal margin to the inner margin; and proximal line of the submarginal band distinctly curved and irregular. Tegumen smaller; valva thinner and longer, with a smaller dorsal rough area. Signa ventral; laterally, sternum VIII fused with tergum VIII; lamella antevaginalis with two lateral process.

Distribution

(Fig. 8). Occurs in northeastern, southeastern and southern Brazil, and also in Paraguay and Argentina, from sea level to 2000 m a.s.l. Based on label data, adults are present all year round.

Taxonomic comments.

This is the commonest and more widespread species of the group. The high intraspecific variation observed in Taygetis yphtima yield a number of descriptions of local forms or synonyms: Taygetis xantippe Butler, [1870], Taygetis ophelia Butler, 1870; Taygetis ophelia f. semibrunnea Weymer, 1910 and Taygetis ypthima [sic] ab. lineata Kivirikko, 1936, all synonyms of Taygetis ypthima ( Lamas 2004; Warren et al. 2013). Based on collected specimens, different phenotypes associated with these taxonomic names frequently occur in a same locality. Furthermore, the genitalia of these specimens are exactly alike the genitalia of typical Taygetis ypthima . Nonetheless, Taygetis fulginia D’Almeida, 1922, until recently considered a synonym of Taygetis ypthima (Lamas op. cit.), is in fact a valid species, with clear differences on morphology of male and female genitalia and wing pattern (see below).