Taraxacum plumbeum Dahlst. Ark. Bot. 10(6): 2. 1911.
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https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.224.99463 |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8320BBB5-1D00-54A3-B159-178ED0CB060F |
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Taraxacum plumbeum Dahlst. Ark. Bot. 10(6): 2. 1911. |
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9. Taraxacum plumbeum Dahlst. Ark. Bot. 10(6): 2. 1911. View in CoL
Taraxacum franconicum = Taraxacum franconicum Sahlin, Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 55: 49. 1984. Type: Germany, Bayern, Südosthang des Hessekberges, Gem. Röckingen, Verbandsgemeinde Hesselberg, Krs. Ansbach, (MTB 6929/1), mit Malmschotter befestigter Weg im Opalinuston, June 1983, E. J. Krach (holotype in M 0152765; isotype in S 05-8711).
Type.
Sweden, Gotland, Visby , the old harbour, 6 June 1909, H. Dahlstedt (lectotype in S, designated by Doll 1973: 123; isolectotypes in S) .
Description.
Plants small to middle-sized, 5-10(-15) cm tall. Leaves dark green, dull, sparsely hairy, approximately 5-12 cm long and 1.5-2.5(-3.0) cm wide, usually 5-7 times longer than wide, blades narrowly elliptical to narrowly oblanceolate, with 4-6 pairs of lateral lobes; lateral lobes opposite to remote; lateral lobes of the inner leaves narrowly triangular, usually falcate, acute, with a somewhat convex, often denticulate distal margin, proximal margin usually entire, concave; lateral lobes of the outer leaves triangular, distinctly falcate, with an entire or denticulate distal margin; interlobes often long and narrow, plicate and denticulate, blackish rimmed; terminal lobe of the inner leaves with lingulate apex, denticulate margins and/or incised at the base; terminal lobe of the outer leaves often small, triangular/subsagitate, quite often with short, subacute apical lobule; petioles unwinged or narrowly winged, purple, hairy at base. Scapes usually as long as leaves and hairy. Capitulum convex, 2.5-3.0 cm in diameter, yellow, outer strips grey-purple; inner bracts glaucous greyish-green, pruinose; outer bracts usually 9-12, ovate to lanceolate, usually 6-7(-8) mm long, 2.0-2.5(-3.0) mm broad, greyish-green, suffused red-purple at the apex, with a white hyaline margin, (0.5)-0.1(-0.2) mm broad, erect to subspreading, corniculate; stigmas olive-green, pollen present. Achenes yellowish light red-brown, often with relatively short spinules in the upper part, 3-3.6 mm long (incl. the 0.6-0.8 mm long, subconical cone), rostrum 8-9 mm long, pappus white.
Flowering period.
April-May.
Habitat.
Rocky grasslands (in trampled or eroded areas), dry sandy roadsides. In Kraków-Częstochowa Upland ( Kraków Kostrze place) T. plumbeum grew on a rocky dry roadside together with Arenaria serpyllifolia , Briza media , Bromus hordeaceus , Dianthus deltoides , D. carthusianorum , Euphorbia cyparissias , Festuca pratensis , Fragaria vesca , Medicago falcata , M. lupulina , Plantago lanceolata , P. major , Poa pratensis , Potentilla arenaria , Trifolium repens , Veroncia arvensis . In Wielkopolska Lowland (Stare Bielice place) we noticed this species on the sandy roadside, accompanied by Achillea millefolium , Artemisia campestris , Cerastium semidecandrum , Elymus repens , Festuca rubra , Lamium purpureum , Medicago falcata , Plantago lanceolata , P. major , Potentilla argentea , Rosa canina , Rumex acetosa , Sedum sexangulare , Taraxacum proximum , Tragopogon pratensis .
Somatic chromosome number.
24 ( Wolanin and Musiał 2017).
General distribution.
Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Germany, the Czech Republic, Poland, Ukraine, Slovakia, Denmark ( Van Soest 1967; Tacik 1980; Lundevall and Øllgaard 1999; Uhlemann 2003; Vašut 2003; Conti et al. 2005; Trávníček et al. 2010; Nobis et al. 2020b).
Distribution in Poland.
Scattered localities in northern and southern Poland, moderately frequent (Fig. 23C View Figure 23 ).
Specimens examined.
AB09 - Dźwirzyno, lawn on sandy soil, 54°09'45"N, 15°25'59"E, 2 May 2017, M. Wolanin (003358, 003369 UR); AB22 - Warszów, ditch at forest edge, 53°53'40"N, 14°18'54"E, 30 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003334, 003350 UR); AB23 - Międzyzdroje, klomb, 53°56'04"N, 14°27'13"E, 30 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003333, 003335 UR); BC51 - Drezdenko, lawn close to cemetery fence, 52°50'06"N, 15°49'19"E, 18 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003285 UR); BC52 - Stare Bielice, sandy roadside, 52°50'57"N, 15°55'04"E, 18 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003298 UR); BD43 - Kębłowo, lawn in cemetery, 52°03'04"N, 16°06'40"E, 19 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003380 UR); between Kębłowo and Świętno, dry field road side, 52°02'34"N, 16°05'24"E, 19 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003259 UR); BD53 - Kaszczor, lawn in cemetery, 51°57'19"N, 16°10'01"E, 19 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003563 UR); BE89 - Strzelin: (...) near Wyszonowice, 23 May 1942, E. Schalow (WRSL); BF07 - Stolec distr. Ząbkowice Śląskie, paths near calcareous rock, 50°35'49"N, 16°52'26"E, 18 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003443 UR); Stolec distr. Ząbkowice Śląskie, limestone hill near Stolec, roadside, 04 June 1972, E. Kozioł (34508 WRSL); DC32 - vicinity of Golub-Dobrzyń, roadside close to Okonin Lake , 53°04'27"N, 18°57'40"E, 29 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003476 UR); DC35 - Rypin (Bukowa street 7), lawn, 53°04'17"N, 19°25'11"E, 28 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003452 UR); DC41 - Sąsieczno, pine forest edge, 52°57'03"N, 18°50'38"E; 29 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003471 UR); DC63 - Winduga near Włocławek, roadside in pine forest, 52°43'18"N, 19°01'17"E, 29 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003459 UR); DF06 - Kroczyce, path on calcareous rock, 50°34'20"N, 19°31'49"E, 12 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003502 UR); Rzędkowice, path on S slope of calcareous rock, 50°34'31"N, 19°29'07"E, 14 April 2014, M. Wolanin (003403 UR); Mirów, grassland on rocks overgrown by shrubs, 50°36'53"N, 19°28'51"E, 1 May 2021, M. Wolanin (003596 UR); DF37 - Klucze, sandy roadside, 15 June 1953, T. Tacik (570166 KRAM); DF48 - Sąspów near Ojców, sunny W slope near church, 50°13'24"N, 19°46'19"E, 21 April 2015, M. Wolanin (003404 UR); DF58 - Słoneczne Skały, rock crumbs at rock base, on SW side of rock, 50°12'09"N, 19°45'51"E, 30 April 2013, M. Wolanin (003258 UR); Bolechowice, calcareous rocks, 1 May 1976, H., T. & J. Tacik (388114 KRAM); Dolina Kluczwody, rocky cliff, 24 April 1977, H. Trzcińska-Tacik (388109, 575842 KRAM); Ojców, calcareous rocks near Ciemna Cave (near the path), 3 May 1952, A. Jasiewicz (439041 KRAM); DF66 - Wygiełzów near Chrzanów, grassland near military bunker, 19 May 1975, T. Tacik (387559 KRAM); DF69 - Kraków (Kostrze), roadside, 50°02'08"N, 19°51'58"E, 12 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003498 UR); Pychowicka Górka, grassland on rocky-humus soil, 50°01'53"N, 19°52'48"E, 29 April 2013, M. Wolanin (003445 UR); Pychowicka Górka, grassland on rock, 50°01'50"N, 19°53'00"E, 29 April 2013, M. Wolanin (003464 UR); Pychowice, sunny hillock, 11 May 1975, T. Tacik (392447 KRAM); DF78 - Tyniec Podgórki ( Góra Wielkanoc), path on rocky-humus soil, 50°01'02"N, 19°48'57"E, 29 April 2013, M. Wolanin (003320 UR); Skawina , sandy square near road, 5 May 1976, H. Trzecińska-Tacik (388116 KRAM); EC67 - Pawłówek near Pułtusk, grassland, 8 May 2015, J. Marciniuk, P. Marciniuk (Herb. J &P Marciniuk); Szygłówek near Pułtusk, grassland near pine forest, 8 May 2015, J. Marciniuk, P. Marciniuk (Herb. J &P Marciniuk); ED11 - Młodzieszyn, pine forest edge, 52°19'00"N, 20°12'23"E, 28 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003456 UR); EE83 - Góra Zalejowa, fissure in rock, 50°49'07"N, 20°27'30"E, 20 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003415 UR); FD09 - Bużka, sandy roadside, 52°21'27"N, 22°53'56"E, 25 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003272 UR); Kózki, pastured grassland near Kózki reserve, 52°21'39"N, 22°52'10"E, 25 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003311 UR); FD45 - between Biardy and Grezówka-Kolonia, field road hardened with crushed concrete, 52°00'36"N, 22°18'33"E, 27 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003533 UR); FE84 - between Zaklików and Lipa, sandy square at pine forest edge, 50°42'34"N, 22°04'39"E, 19 April 2019, M. Wolanin (003583 UR); FF09 - Wola Mała, sandy square at pine forest edge, 50°32'50"N, 22°45'48"E, 13 April 2019, M. Wolanin (003581 UR) GoogleMaps .
Notes.
Plant very variable in morphology, which can cause problems in determination where achenes are absent. In the Polish lowlands, we noted this species mainly in dry and warm semi-ruderal habitats (usually on sandy soils), and the specimens were relatively homogeneous in their morphological features, such as: leaves with quite wide, entire or slightly toothed side lobes and suberect or patent outer phyllaries. In upland areas, in rock grasslands, the species show greater variability of morphology compared to lowland populations. In general, side lobes are narrower, more numerous and slightly more serrated, interlobia are wider and incised, and outer phyllaries are narrower and more recurved. Specimens growing in extremely dry and rocky habitats, usually with strongly dissected leaves, may resemble T. tenuilobum , however the terminal lobe in T. plumbeum has a slightly different shape, with a tongue-shaped apex slightly incised on both sides in the base, and much smaller teeth and lobules in the interlobes in relation to the side lobes. The yellowish light red-brown hue of the achenes is a very useful diagnostic feature typical of T. plumbeum (Figs 28 View Figure 28 , 29 View Figure 29 ).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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