Synaphosus evertsi Ovtsharenko, Levy et Platnick, 1994

Marusik, Yuri M. & Omelko, Mikhail M., 2018, New data on Synaphosus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Southeast Asia, Zootaxa 4374 (2), pp. 235-248 : 242-246

Synaphosus evertsi Ovtsharenko, Levy et Platnick, 1994

Figs 16 , 26‒27 , 42‒45 , 54

Synaphosus evertsi Ovtsharenko et al., 1994: 12 , f. 48‒52 (♂♀).

Synaphosus kris Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001: 537 , f. 924‒928 (♂). Syn. n.

Material examined: 3♂ ( ZMUT), PHILIPPINES, Luzon Benguet, La Trinidad, grassy pine forest, 11.11.1979. (P.T. Lehtinen).

Diagnosis. This species well differs from all congeners by the lack of tibial apophysis.

Description. Male (one specimen measured). Total length 3.13. Carapace: 1.55 long, 1.18 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.10, PLE 0.08, AME‒AME 0.02, AME‒ALE 0, PME‒PME 0.03, PME‒PLE 0.05, ALE‒PLE 0.05; MOQ length 0.21, front width 0.15, back width 0.20. AME surrounded by black edge. Carapace yellow-brown with small gray V mark near fovea and grayish edge ( Fig. 16 ). Chelicerae, maxillae and labium light-brown. Sternum yellow. Legs and palps yellow-brown. Abdomen dorsally and laterally gray without scutum. Abdomen ventrally yellowish. Abdomen anteriorly with long setae.

Leg measurements in ♂.

Palp as in Figs 26‒27 , 42‒45 ; femur and patella not modified; tibia without apophysis but with a kind of hollow (Th), cymbium egg-shaped, with smoothly rounded tip; conductor large, covering whole tegulum, with 3 sharp outgrowths, subprolateral spine-like outgrowth (C1), retrolateral spine-like outgrowth (C2) and circle-shaped outgrowth (C3) directed prolaterally; embolus originating at about 5:30 o'clock position, with large baso-dorsal outgrowth (Eb).

Female described by Ovtsharenko et al. (1994).

Note. Ovtsharenko et al. (1994) placed this species in the syntheticus -group although it differs from all congeners by the lack of tibial apophysis and the presence of a hollow (=depression sensu Ovtsharenko et al. (1994)), a large conductor covering almost the entire tegulum (vs. small, not covering whole tegulum), and presence of 3 sharply pointed outgrowths not known in any other Synaphosus . To our mind, it should be considered in a separate monotypic species group, evertsi .

Distribution and comments. Synaphosus evertsi was described on the basis of a male and female from Ivory Coast, and S. kris was described on the basis of the holotype male from Bali. Deeleman-Reinhold (2001) pointed out the similarity between the two species, but considered them separate due to the different number of teeth on the conductor. Our specimens from the Philippines fit the descriptions provided for both species (size, spination) and figures of the male palp correspond to those given by Ovtsharenko et al. (1994). In our opinion the two names should be synonymized, and differences in the spines of the conductor are caused by misinterpretation. Judging by the occurrence of this species in three widely spaced localities it is an anthropochorous species, and most likely more widely distributed in the Old World tropics and has not been reported in other parts of Asia due to the difficulties with identification. The present record from the Philippines extends the known range almost 3000 km to the north.

Figures

FIGURE 54. Distribution records of Synaphosus species in Southeast Asia. Filled symbols refer to our records and open symbols refer to the literature records.

FIGURES14‒19.Habitus and epigyne of Synaphosus jaegerisp.n. (14‒15, 17‒19)andS.evertsi (16). 14, 16 male, dorsal;15 female, dorsal; 17 intact epigyne, ventral; 18‒19 macerated epigyne, ventral and dorsal. Scale = 0.2 mm if not otherwise indicated.Abbreviations.Co copulatory openings, Re receptacles, Sc scape.

FIGURES26‒34.Male palpof Synaphosus evertsi(26‒27),S.lehtineni sp.n. (28‒31) and S. jaegeri sp.n. (32‒34).26, 30, 33 antero ventral; 27, 31 retrolateral; 28 ventral; 29, 32 ventro-prolateral; 34 ventro-retrolateral. Scale = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations. Aa anterior arm, C1 subprolateral outgrowth, C2 retrolateral outgrowth, C3 prolateral outgrowth, Eb baso-dorsal outgrowth of embolus, Pa posterior arm, Th tibia hollow.

FIGURES42‒48.Male palp of Synaphosus evertsi (42‒45) and epigyne of S.dubius sp. n. (46‒48).42‒45 male palp, ventral, retrolateral, prolateral and dorsal; 46 intact epigyne, ventral; 47‒48 macerated epigyne, ventral and dorsal. Scale = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations. C1 subprolateral outgrowth, C2 retrolateral outgrowth, C3 prolateral outgrowth, Co copulatory openings, Eb baso-dorsal outgrowth,Id insemination ducts, Ps dorsal pit, Sc short scape, Th tibia hollow.