Stephoblemmus enatus (Gorochov, 1994) Zheng & Gu & He & Huang & Ma, 2023

Zheng, Yan-Na, Gu, Jun-Jie, He, Zhu-Qing, Huang, Huateng & Ma, Li-Bin, 2023, On a taxonomic feature that has been overestimated in classification practice: an integrative taxonomic revision of Stephoblemmus Saussure, 1877 based on morphology and molecular phylogeny (Orthoptera: Grylloidea; Gryllidae; Gryllinae), Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 81, pp. 761-779 : 761

Stephoblemmus enatus (Gorochov, 1994) comb. n.

Figures 2 , 3 , 7 , 9B, E, F, S1-3, S5K, L, O, P

Mitius enatus Gorochov, 1994: 9; Ingrisch, 1998: 341; Kim & Hong, 2014: 61

Mitius eryuanensis Yuan, Xie & Liu, 2021: 499, syn. n.

Chinese name.

混沌素蟋

Examined materials.

CHINA- Yunnan Prov. • 7 ♂, 2 ♀. Zhiwuyuan, Menglun Town , Mengla County, 21°91.7′N, 101°27.4′W, on grass, Aug. 15, 2021, He, Zhixin, Wang, Ning and Yuan, Wei coll. (SNNU); Yunnan Prov. • 1 ♂. Wulaoshan, Lincang City, 23°91.7′N, 100°19.0′W, on grass, Aug. 15, 2021, He, Zhixin, Wang, Ning and Yuan, Wei coll. (SNNU); Yunnan Prov. • 1 ♂. Nanping Village , Mengman Town , Mengla County , 21°93.5′N, 101°24.9′W, on grass, May 18, 2013, Ma, Libin coll. (SNNU); Hainan Prov. • 1 ♂, 2 ♀. Wuzhishan City, 18°77.5′N, 109°51.7′W, on grass, Aug. 17, 2019, He, Zhixin and Zhang, Tao coll. (SNNU); Hainan Prov. • 2 ♂, 1 ♀. China: Yinggeling, Baisha County , 19°18.3′N, 109°44.7′W, on grass, Apr. 3-10, 2021, He, Zhixin coll. (SNNU); Hainan Prov. • 1 ♂. Jianfengling, 18°72.2′N, 108°90.8′W, on grass, Jul. 20, 2009, Fu, Qiang coll. (NWAFU); Hainan Prov. • 7 ♀. Maoyang Town , 18°61.2′N, 109°29.6′W, on grass, Aug. 8, 2009, Ma, Libin coll. (SNNU); Hong Kong • 1 ♂, 1 ♀. Dapujiao, 22°43.3′N, 114°19.3′W, on grass, May 12, 2018, Ma, Libin, coll. (SNNU); Guangxi Prov. • 10 ♂, 7 ♀. Longbang Town , Jingxi County, 22°96.1′N, 106°28.5′W, on grass, May 1, 2019, Ma, Libin and Zhang, Tao coll. (SNNU); Chongqing City • 1 ♂. Jinyunshan, 23°83.2′N, 106°38.5′W, on grass, Rong, Xia coll. (SNNU) .

Measurements (mm).

♂ (n = 20): BL 10.14 ± 0.21, HL 1.66 ± 0.08, HW 2.77 ± 0.06, PL 1.93 ± 0.19, PW 3.04 ± 0.21, FWL 5.25 ± 0.09, HTL 6.62 ± 0.37; ♀ (n = 13): BL 10.41 ± 0.72, HL 1.33 ± 0.13, HW 2.73 ± 0.19, PL 1.89 ± 0.03, PW 2.87 ± 0.26 FWL 4.66 ± 1.02, HTL 5.06 ± 1.72, OL 6.05 ± 0.07.

Emended diagnosis.

Male: Frons round. Tegmina reaching the middle of the eighth abdominal tergum. Apical field armed with irregular cells. Apical margin of epiphallic middle lobe arc-like. Epiphallic lateral lobes sheet-like, with apex varied. Dorsally observing some specimens, with apex bifurcating with branches variable in length. Viewed laterally, apical margin of epiphallic lateral lobes with 1-3 protrusions, variable in shape. Female: Similar to male in the head, pronotum, and feet features. Tegmina reaching the sixth abdominal tergum. Ovipositor arrow-like and slightly shorter than the hind femur.

Description.

Male: Eyes ovoid, nearly 1/3 length of head. Postclypeus shaped as a narrow band; the anteclypeus shaped as a broad shield and about half the length of the postclypeus. Labrum shield-like, apical margin slightly round. Last article of maxillary palpi almost as long as the third; the last article of labial palpi depressed and widened, almost equal to the total length of the remainder articles. Tegmina reaching the middle of the eighth abdominal tergum. In tegmina dorsal field, with three chord veins, connecting to the proximal part of the mirror by two veins; diagonal vein proximally bifurcated, both branches connecting to CuA vein; bearing two oblique veins; mirror shield-like; dividing vein absent; apical field armed with irregular cells. In the lateral dorsal field, five branches of the subcostal vein. Inner tympanum relatively small, outer tympanum shaped as an elongated oval. Hind tibiae armed with dorsal spurs, five inner dorsal spurs, and six outer ones; inner apical spurs three (its dorsal and middle inner apical spurs almost equal in length and about two times longer than the dorsal spurs; ventral one nearly equal in length to the dorsal spurs) and outer two (equal in length and slightly longer than the dorsal spurs).

Genitalia.

Epiphallic middle lobe about 1/3 length of the epiphallic lateral lobe and armed with an apical margin arc-like. Epiphallic lateral lobes sheet-like, with apex varied. Dorsally observing some specimens, this apex bifurcating with branches and variable in length (Fig. 7H-J ). And viewed laterally, the apical margin of epiphallic lateral lobes possesses 1-3 protrusions and varing in shape (acute or round) (Fig. 7K-N ).

Female.

Similar to males for head, pronotum, and feet features. Tegmina reaching the sixth abdominal tergum (Fig. 9B ). Ovipositor arrow-like (Fig. 9E-F ) and slightly shorter than the hind femur.

Coloration.

Body dark brown. Ocelli, maxillary palpi, and labial palpi yellowish. Leg yellow-brown and hind femur apically dark brown.

Remarks.

Yuan et al. (2021) identified some Yunnan specimens as M. eryuanensis , which resemble S. enatus comb. n. and noted differences in genitalia morphology and the presence or absence of hind wings. As mentioned above, the existence of hind wings should not be used as a feature to identify species in most cases. In Yuan et al. (2021), they show that M. eryuanensis possesses male genitalia with epiphallic lateral lobes not bifurcated. In our study, the male genitalia of S. enatus comb. n. not only with these features diversity (Fig. 7H ), but also have morphological diversity (Fig. 7I-J ). Accordingly, M. eryuanensis should be a junior synonym of S. enatus comb. n. . Besides, Yin and Liu (1995) identified the species from Yunnan as M. flavipes and noted differences with S. enatus comb. n. in the color of the hind tibiae and the first section of hind tarsus, which we determined morphologically to be intraspecific, and the phylogenetic tree also shows these species very closely related (Fig. 3 ). Therefore, Chinese M. flavipes recorded in Yunnan Province should be a misidentification.

Figures

Figure 2. Time-calibrated phylogeny inferred using BEAST. Posterior probability (PP) values are indicated by node color. Node numbers next to nodes represent the divergent times. Purple bars indicate 95 % credibility intervals of estimated node ages. The left in Roman numbers represents fossil calibration points. The primary species of study for this article are shaded red, including species of Loxoblemmus, Mitius, and Stephoblemmus. The blue letter is the type species of Stephoblemmus. The geological timescale is shown at the bottom (Ma = million years ago).

Figure 3. The maximum-likelihood (ML) tree for 30 samples of Mitius and Stephoblemmus using the concatenated COX 1 + 18 S + 28 S data set, and the species delimitation results. Posterior probabilities from MRBAYS (left) and bootstrap supports from IQTREE (right) are indicated for all nodes. Clade nodes are marked in red to indicate the morphology of the male's head.

Figure 7. S. enatus comb. n. A - B male body, scale bar: 5 mm (A - without hindwings; B - with hindwings). C - D Hind Legs, scale bar: 2 mm (C - color of posterior tibiae and the first section of posterior tarsus yellowish-brown; D - color of posterior tibiae and the first section of posterior tarsus dark brown). E - N Genitalia, scale bar of chart E-G: 0.5 mm; scale bar of chart H-M: 0.25 mm (E - dorsal view; F - lateral view; G - ventral view; H-J - dorsal enlarged view). K-N - Apex of lateral enlarged view. Notes: E - apex of epiphallic lateral lobes not bifurcate; I-J - the apex of epiphallic lateral lobes bifurcate, and length of branches varied in different materials; K - apex of epiphallic lateral lobes possessing an acute protrusion; L - apex of epiphallic lateral lobes possessing an obtuse protrusion; M - apex of epiphallic lateral lobes possessing two obtuse protrusions; N - apex of epiphallic lateral lobes possessing three obtuse protrusions. Of these, D-G and K are the same as that of M. flavipes in Yunnan (Yin & Liu, 1995); A, H, and L are the same as that of M. eryuanensis (Yuan et al., 2021 )).

Figure 9. A - B Female body, scale bar: 5 mm; A - S. humbertiellus; B - S. enatus comb. n.; C - F ovipositor, scale bar: 0.5 mm, C - inside of ovipositor of S. humbertiellus; D - outside of ovipositor of S. humbertiellus; E - inside of ovipositor of S. enatus comb. n.; F - outside of ovipositor of S. enatus comb. n.