Limnobiophyllum scutatum (DAWSON) KRASSILOV

Manchester, Steven R., 2014, Revisions To Roland Brown’S North American Paleocene Flora, Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 70 (3 - 4), pp. 153-210 : 159-161

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.14446/AMNP.2014.153

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E672D410-FF90-FF8F-5A23-68E3F226FE09

treatment provided by

Felipe (2024-08-02 13:55:09, last updated 2024-08-03 03:50:51)

scientific name

Limnobiophyllum scutatum (DAWSON) KRASSILOV
status

 

Limnobiophyllum scutatum (DAWSON) KRASSILOV

Brown (1962) agreed with the concept of Hantke (1954) that the fossil species, Hydromystria expansa (HEER) HANTKE included two morphologically distinct kinds of foliage, firstly the thin, orbicular peltate leaves that Dawson had called Spirodela scutata and secondly a thick kidney-shaped structure interpreted as float leaves which were later called Porosia verrucosa HICKEY ( Hickey 1977, emended by Manchester and Kodrul 2014). The orbicular, thin, leaves were subsequently reassigned to a new extinct genus, Limnobiophyllum by Krassilov (1973 1976) who recognized the same species in the Paleocene of E Asia). Limnobiophyllum scutatum (DAWSON) KRASSILOV was proven to represent Araceae-Lemnaceae based on specimens with attached flowers containing stamens with pollen (Stockey et al. 1997), whereas the Porosia structures, mentioned again below, have turned out to represent unrelated single-seeded dicotyledonous fruits of possible rutaceous affinity as revealed by permineralized specimens ( Manchester and Kodrul 2014).

Zingiberales

The leaf attributed to Canna? magnifolia KNOWLTON ( Brown 1962, pl. 15, fig. 2) was transferred to Zingiberopsis isonervosa HICKEY by Hickey and Petersen (1978), and considered to represent Zingiberaceae . Zingiberites dubius LESQUEREUX is based on a fragmentary specimen from the Denver Formation was that reexamined by Brown, but no additional Paleocene specimens have been recovered for more detailed evaluation.

Ensete goldianum (LESQUEREUX) comb. nov.

Text-figs 3.1, 3.2 View Text-fig

1878 Viburnum goldianum LESQUEREUX, Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. , 7, p. 227, pl. 60, figs 2, 2a-c (holotype and basionym).

This species, based on a grouping of seed impressions preserving both internal and external details, also represents Zingiberales . These smooth, subelliptical seeds with a truncate apex show an opercular collar similar to the configuration in extant and fossil Ensete . Although the chalazal chamber is not preserved in the casts, there is an axial perforation of the seedcoat at the base similar to that seen in extant Ensete . These resemble those described from better-preserved permineralized specimens from the Eocene of Oregon ( Manchester and Kress 1993).

Other monocots

Haemanthophyllum sp. 3 . sensu Golovneva (1997). Brown (1962) assigned leaves to Alismaphyllites grandifolius (PENHALLOW) R. W. BROWN , using the generic Alismaphyllites KNOWLTON (1917) based on specimens from the Raton Formation near Trinidad, Colorado ( Knowlton 1917, p. 286, pI. 55, fig. 1). The original specimen of Alismaphyllites crassifolium KNOWLTON (1917) , the type species of Alismaphyllites , was a stem with three attached broad monotyledonous leaves, but the venation is not sufficiently preserved for detailed comparison with the leaves later assigned to Haemanthophyllum . Golovneva (1997) designated the illustrated specimens of Brown (1962) as “ Haemanthophyllum sp. 3 .” Golovneva (1997) studied various extant families with foliage similar to Haemanthophyllum , e.g., Alismataceae View in CoL , Potamogetonaceae View in CoL and Aponogetonaceae View in CoL . She concluded that Aponogetonaceae View in CoL was more probable as to its affinities, but, also stated “The most similar to Haemanthophyllum , the alismatacean genus Caldesia View in CoL , has smaller leaves.” So far, the reproductive organs of this plant remain unknown.

Sagittaria” megasperma R. W. BROWN ( Text-figs 3.3–3.5 View Text-fig ) is based on globose infructescences of winged fruits. The distinctive leaves of Sagittaria View in CoL have not been observed. The winged fruits show a single style and asymmetrical to less commonly symmetrical wing development. The seed body is covered by closely spaced longitudinal veins. The wings have longitudinal veins unlike modern species of Sagittaria View in CoL , so the affinities of this distinctive plant are uncertain.

The globose infructescences that Brown (1962) referred to Sparganium antiquum (NEWBERRY) BERRY are not monocots but instead represent Platanaceae . They were found at the same locality (USGS 2416) as Macginitiea nobilis .

Ceratophyllaceae

Ceratophyllum furcatispinum HERENDEEN, LES et DILCHER

Among the unidentified specimens curated in the USGS collections by Brown, but not included in his publication, were spiny fruits subsequently identified as those of Ceratophyllum ( Herendeen et al 1990). Several specimens of Ceratophyllum furcatispinum HERENDEEN, LES et DILCHER were cited, all from a single locality in Montana.

Menispermaceae

Fruits found in Paleocene strata of North Dakota and Wyoming subsequent to the publication of Brown’s monograph confirm the presence of Menispermaceae . Horseshoe-shaped endocarps have been described from Almont, North Dakota, as cf. Canticocculus CHANDLER ( Crane et al. 1990, fig. 5A–C) and as Palaeoluna sp. from Linch, Wyoming (Fig. 17 in Herrera et al. 2011). Corresponding leaves remain elusive. Those that Hickey (1977) regarded as Menispermaceae , i.e., “ Cocculus ” flabella (NEWBERRY) J. WOLFE and Menispermites parvareolatus HICKEY , were subsequently transferred to Zizyphoides SEWARD et CONWAY , and probably belonging to same plant as Nordenskioeldia fruits ( Crane et al. 1991).

Sabiaceae

The presence of Sabiaceae is confirmed on the basis of distinctive well preserved endocarps of Meliosma rostellata (LESQUEREUX) CRANE , MANCHESTER et DILCHER at Almont, North Dakota, and Golden, Colorado. The corresponding leaves, however, remain uncertain. Meliosma today can have either serrate or entire-margined leaves, and pinnate venation with well organized percurrent tertiary venation and orthogonal higher order venation, and such leaves are known from the Eocene of Oregon ( Chaney and Sanborn 1933, Manchester 1981). Hickey (1977) applied the name Meliosma longifolia (HEER) HICKEY to some of the same leaves that had earlier been called Quercus sullyi by Brown (1962); however, the specimens illustrated by Hickey, and most of those treated as Q. sullyi by Brown, instead appear to represent the extinct genus Dyrana GOLOVNEVA (1994, Budantsev and Golovneva 2009). The rounded sinuses and glandular (rather than spinose) teeth may indicate that they represent Platanaceae , rather than Sabiaceae .

Nelumbonaceae

Among the several aquatic angiosperms recognized by Brown, Nelumbium montanum R. W. BROWN , Nelumbium tenuifolium LESQUEREUX , and Paleonelumbo macroloba KNOWLTON are peltate leaves that appear to be related to extant Nelumbo . An excellent specimen of Paleonelumbo macroloba was figured by Barclay et al. (2003, figs 9a–c).

Barclay, R. S., Johnson, K. R., Betterton, W. J., Dilcher, D. L. (2003): Stratigraphy and megaflora of a K-T boundary section in the eastern Denver Basin, Colorado. - Rocky Mt. Geol., 38 (1): 45 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2113 / gsrocky. 38.1.45

Brown, R. W. (1962): Paleocene flora of the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains. - U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 375: 1 - 119.

Budantsev, L. Y., Golovneva, L. B. (2009): Fossil Flora of Arctic II - Palaeogene Flora of Spitsbergen. Russian Academy of Sciences, Komarov Botanical Institute. Marafon, Saint Petersburg, 400 pp.

Chaney, W. W., Sanborn, E. I. 1933. The Goshen flora of west Central Oregon. - Carnegie Inst Wash Pub. 439: 1 - 1 - 3

Crane, P. R., Manchester, S. R., Dilcher, D. L. (1990): A preliminary survey of fossil leaves and well-preserved reproductive structures from the Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene) near Almont, North Dakota. - Fieldiana Geol., 1418: 1 - 63.

Crane, P. R., Manchester, S. R., Dilcher, D. L. (1991): Reproductive and vegetative structure of Nordenskioldia (Trochodendraceae), a vesselless dicotyledon from the Early Tertiary of the Northern Hemisphere. - Am. J. Bot., 78: 1311 - 1334. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2445271

Golovneva, L. B. (1997): Morphology, Systematics and distribution of the genus Haemanthophyllum in the Paleogene floras of the Northern Hemisphere. - Paleont. J., 31 (2): 197 - 207. (Orig. Paleont. Zhurn., 31 (2): 77 - 87.)

Hantke, R. (1954): Die fossile Flora der obermiozanen Oehninger-Fundstelle Schrotzburg (Schienerberg, Sud- Baden). - Denkschr. Schweiz. Naturforsch. Gesellsch., 80 (3): 1 - 118.

Herendeen, P. S., Les, D. H., Dilcher, D. L. (1990): Ceratophyllum (Ceratophyllaceae) from the Tertiary of North America. - Am. J. Bot. 77: 7 - 16.

Herrera, F., Manchester, S. R., Hoot, S. B., Wefferling, K. M., Carvalho, M. R., Jaramillo, C. (2011): Phytogeographic implications of fossil endocarps of Menispermaceae from the Paleocene of Colombia. - Am. J. Bot., 98 (12): 1 - 14. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3732 / ajb. 1000461

Hickey, L. J. (1977): Stratigraphy and paleobotany of the Golden Valley Formation (Early Tertiary) of western North Dakota. - Geol. Soc. Am. Memoir., 150: 1 - 183.

Knowlton, F. H. (1917): Fossil floras of the Vermejo and Raton formations of Colorado and New Mexico. - U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, 101: 223 - 435.

Krassilov, V. (1973): Cuticular structure of Cretaceous angiosperms from the Far East of the USSR. Palaeontographica, B, 142: 105 - 116.

Krassilov, V. (1976): Tsagayanskaya flora Amurskoy oblasti. Nauka, Moskva (in Russian).

Manchester, S. R. (1981): Fossil plants of the Eocene Clarno Nut Beds. - Oregon Geol., 43: 75 - 81.

Manchester, S. R., Kress W. J. (1993): Fossil bananas (Musaceae): Ensete oregonense sp. nov. from the Eocene of western North America and its phytogeographic significance. - Am. J. Bot., 80: 1264 - 1272. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2445709

Manchester, S. R., Kodrul, T. M. (2014): Morphology, affinities and phytogeographic history of Porosia Hickey in the Cretaceous and Paleocene of North America and Asia. - Acta Palaeobot. 54 (1): 77 - 99. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2478 / acpa- 2014 - 0002

Watt, A. D. (1971): Validation of names of species of fossil plants described by RW Brown in 1962. - Taxon, 20 (4): 639 - 640. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1218282

Gallery Image

Text-fig. 3. 1, 2. Ensete goldianum (LESQUEREUX) comb. nov, Holotype, USNM 494, Golden Colorado. 1. Numerous seeds on a slab. 2. Detail of seed molds and casts. 3-5 “Sagittaria” megasperma R. W. BROWN. 3. Infructescence head. USNM 167488, lectotype selected by Watt 1971. 4. Isolated fruit showing veins of wing, and longitudinally striate central body and single style, USNM 313282, 5. Additional isolated fruit, USNM 313283. Images 4, 5 light-dark inverted. Scale = 1 cm.

Kingdom

Plantae

Phylum

Tracheophyta

Class

Magnoliopsida

Genus

Limnobiophyllum

Kingdom

Plantae

Phylum

Tracheophyta

Class

Liliopsida

Order

Alismatales

Family

Hydrocharitaceae

Genus

Hydromystria