Sorindeia madagascariensis DC.

Breteler, F. J., 2003, The African genus Sorindeia (Anacardiaceae): A synoptic revision, Adansonia (3) 25 (1), pp. 93-113 : 109-112

7. Sorindeia madagascariensis DC.

Prodr. 2: 8 (1825); Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 440

(1868); Perrier de la Bâthie, Fl. de Madag. et

Comores, 114 e Fam.: 26 (1946); R. & A. Fernandez,

Fl. Zambesiaca 2(2): (1966); Kokwaro, Fl. Trop. E.

Afr., Anacardiaceae : 46 (1986). — Neotype (desig-

nated here): Commerson s.n., no 1598 in Herb. A.L. de

Jussieu (P), see notes.

Sorindeia pinnata (L.) Desf., Cat. Hort. Par. lll: 331 (1829), as regards reference to Madagascar

Sorindeia glaberrima Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bog. Alt. : 245 (1844); Ding Hou, Fl. Mal., ser. 1, 8: 548 (1978). — Neotype (designated here): No 897.365 - 32 in the Leiden Herbarium, Cult. in the Bot. Gard. Buitenzorg (L).

Sorindeia elongata Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno- Batavum l: 205 (1850); Perrier de la Bâthie, Anacardiaceae, Fl. Madag. : 26 (1946). — Type: Anonymus 270, ex Herb. Mus. Par., northern Madagascar (holo-, L).

Sorindeia obtusifoliolata Engl. var. obtusifoliotata, Pflanzenw, Ost-Afrikas C : 244 (1895). — Type: Stuhlmann s.n., Tanzania, Sansibar et Dar es Salaam; Holst 2789, Tanzania, Amboni ; Holst 2188 & 3506, Tanzania, Usambara ; Stuhlmann s.n., Tanzania, Useguha (syn-, B, delet.). Lectotype (designated here): Holst 3506, fl.b. July (K); iso-, HBG, P, Z).

Sorindeia usambarensis Engl., Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. : 44 (1894); Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 244 (1895). — Type : Holst 2292 & 3261, Tanzania, Usambara (syn-, B, delet.). Lectotype (designated here): Holst 3261, fl. Aug. (K; iso-, P, Z).

Sorindeia goudotii Briq., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 20: 423 (1916-1919); Breteler, Adansonia, sér. 3, 19: 329 (1997). — Type: Goudot s.n., Madagascar, s.loc., flower buds (lecto-, G; iso-, WAG).

Aglaia somalensis Chiov. , Result. Veg. Sci. Miss. Stefan.-Paoli Somal. Ital. 1. 51: 204 (1916). — Sorindeia somalensis (Chiov.) Chiov., Mat. Prim. Veg. Coltiv. Eritrea & Somalia: 63 (1921). — Types : Scassellati 55, Somalia, Uasciani ; Scassellati 64, Somalia, Torba and Paoli 489, Somalia. Jubaland (syn-, FI.). Lectotype (designated here): Scassellati 64 (Fl), see notes.

Tree up to 20(-35?) m tall and 20 cm d.b.h. or shrub. Leaves mostly crowded at the top of the branches, (3)7-11(-13)-foliolate; folioles ovateelliptic to oblong-obovate, (2-)11-20(-30) × (1-)4-6(-10) cm with 8-14 pairs of main lateral nerves, the ‘collecting’ nerve usually absent (see Fig. 2D ), but sometimes ± distinct between the upper lateral nerves; ± cuneate and often slightly to strongly unequal-sided at base, obtuse to acuminate at apex, the acumen up to 3 cm long; glabrous, often minutely puberulous on rhachis and the midrib beneath. Flowering Aug.-Dec. Panicles usually borne below the leaves, or on the trunk (especially in continental Africa), more rarely axillary, axillary to terminal or below the leaves or on the trunk in Madagascar, up to 1 m long, up to 1.60 m long in fruit, ± glabrous. Calyx glabrous, lobes shorter than the tube, sometimes sparsely ciliate. Petals valvate, up to 4 × 2 mm, yellow to pink. Male flowers with 10-20 stamens, filaments shorter than the 1.5- 2 mm long anthers. Female flowers with 5-10 staminodes; pistil glabrous. Fruit (Sep.-Jan.) yellow, subellipsoid, apiculate or not, up to 2.8 × 1.8 cm, smooth, glabrous, edible. — Figs. 1E , 2D , 3F , 9.

HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Riverine, coastal and upland forest of East Africa, from Somalia to Mozambique, the Comoro islands, Mayotte, Madagascar and the Mascarenes. Alt. up to c. 1800 m.

SELECTED SPECIMENS. — COMORES: Lam & Meeuse 6155, Moheli, ster. Dec. (L). — KENYA: Abdullah 3352, Utwani Forest, fl.b. Sep. (K); Adamson 131, Bura, fr. Sep. (K); Beentje et al. 381, Mbololo Forest, ster. May (K); Brenan et al. 14505, Diani, fr. Nov. (K); Kahende 1766, Haiwani, fl., fr. Feb. (MO); Medly 217, Mchelelo West, fl.b. Oct. (K); Robertson 3633, Mtwapa Forest, y.fr. Aug. (K, MO). — MADAGASCAR: Andrianantoanina et al. 369, South of Antsiaranana, fl. Oct. (P, UPS); Antdrianantoanina et al. 873, Antsiaranana, fl.b. Sep. (P); Antilahimena 179, Lokobe, fl.b. Oct. (P); Cours 2959, between Ambila and Tamatave, ster. Oct. (P); Humbert & Capuron 21996, Andape, fl. Nov.-Dec. (K, P); Jongkind et al. 3206, Tsingy de Bemaraha, fl., fr. Nov. (WAG); Lewis et al. 631, Toamasina, fl.b. Jan. (UPS, WAG); Lowry et al. 4174, Maroantsetra, fl. Oct. (P); McPherson 14429, Fort Dauphin, fl.b. Nov. (K, P); Morat 4737, Kelifely, y.fr. Nov. (P); Perrier de la Bâthie 500, Firingalava, fl. Sep. (P); Prance & Andriantiana 30738, Antanambe, fl. Oct. (K, MO); Robevohitra & Breteler 3899, Masoala Penins., fl. Oct. (WAG); Randrianjanaka et al. 54, Moango, fr. Jan. (P); Service Forestier SF8044, Ampijoroa, fl. Dec. (P); van Nek 1866, Ambre Mt., fl. Oct. (WAG). — MALAWI: Brass 17864, Nswadzi R., fl. Sep. (K, MO); Burtt Davy 21940, Limbe, ster. Sep. (FHO); Chapman 437, Mlanje Mt., y.fr. Sep. (FHO, K); Pawek 11758, Rumphi, fl. Sep. (K, MO, WAG). — MAURITIUS: Blackburn s.n., s.loc., fl. (A); Sieber s.n., s.loc., fl.b. (K, L). — MAYOTTE: Soumille 973, Combani Mt., fr. Sep. (K). — MOZAMBIQUE: Bandeira & Boana 412, Megaruma R., fl.b. Oct. (MO); Faulkner 213, Quelimane, y.fr. (K); Gomes de Sousa 4487, Nangororo, fl.b. Oct. (K); Grandvaux Barbosa & Carvalho 4398, Alto Lingonha, fr. Oct. (K); Groenendijk 699, Litunde, fl. Oct. (WAG); Mendonça 843, Amaramba, fl. Oct. (A, WAG); Torre 3594, Ile, y.fr. Oct. (FHO). — SOMALIA: Madany 85/7, Jilib, fl.b. Aug. (K). — TANZANIA: Archbold 3303, Kwamkono, fl. Sep. (K); Baagoe et al., Amani, fl.b. July (WAG); Borhidi & Hedren 84133, Mazumbai F.R., Gonja Mt., ster. Feb. (UPS); Bridson 639, Sanje, fl. Sep. (K); Bruce 137, Morogoro, fl. Nov. (BM, BR, K); Bruce 150, Uluguru, fl. Nov. (BM, BR, K); Burtt 4475, Dar es Salaam, ster. Apr. (K); Burtt Davy 22391, Pemba I., Chuaka, fl. Oct. (K); Burtt Davy 22625, Zanzibar, ster. Oct. (FHO); Carmichael 644, Duluti, fl.b. Sep. (K); Dingle 359, Manyara Lake, fr. Oct. (K); Eggeling 6300, Kilosa, fl.b. Oct. (FHO, K); Engler 390, between Muhesa and Lugusa, fl. Sep. (BM); Frontier-Tanzania Coastal Forest Research Programme 72, Kiwengoma Forest, fl. (MO); Frontie- Tanzania Coastal Forest Research Programme 1282, Mchungu Forest, fl. Aug. (MO); Gane 14, Ukwama, fl. Oct. (FHO, K); Gereau & Kayombo 3656, Lupingu, fl.b. Jan. (K, MO); Gillet 18018, Lindi, fr. Nov. (K, WAG); Greenway 2449, Mpwapwa, fl. Aug. (K); Greenway 5183, Mafia I., Baleni, fl.b. Aug. (FHO, K); Holst 3261, Lutindi, fl. Aug. (K, P, Z); Holst 3506, Maschewa, fl.b. July (HBG, K, P, Z); Kayombo 857, Iringa, fl.b. Aug. (MO); Lovett 190, Sanje, fl.b. Aug. (K); Mwasumbi 16579, Nkanda, fr. Nov. (K, MO); Paulo 795, Manyangu F.R., fl. Sep. (K); Scheven 35, Ndanda, fl. Sep. (B, MO); Schlieben 1264, Lupembe, fl. Oct. (B, BM, G, P, Z); Schlieben 5403, Lutamba Lake, fl. Sep. (B, BM, G, P, Z); Stolz 921, Kyimbila, fl. Oct. (B, G, K, L, UPS, WAG, Z).

NOTES. — The first description of Sorindeia madagascariensis is that of DESROUSSEAUX in LAMARCK’ s Encyclopedie, vol. 3(2): 699 (1792), under the name Mangier pinné, Mangifera pinnata L.f. Suppl.: 156 (1781), a species from India, which is now known under the name of Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz. Although D ESROUSSEAUX identified his plant from Madagascar as Mangifera pinnata , he was well aware of its distinctness, saying that it should probably be classified as a distinct genus. This was done by DU PETIT THOUARS in 1806, but without providing the necessary new binomial combination for the type species, which was effected by DE CANDOLLE in 1825. There is no specimen in the Paris herbarium of DU PETIT THOUARS pertaining to Sorindeia madagascarien- sis, nor in the DE C ANDOLLE herbarium in Geneva. A collection in the JUSSIEU herbarium at P has been selected as neotype.

For Sorindeia obtusifoliolata Engl. var. parvifoliolata Engl. see under S. juglandifolia .

I have not seen the fruits described by CHIOVENDA in his diagnosis of Aglaia somalensis Chiov. , the basionym of Sorindeia somalensis (Chiov.) Chiov. Scanned color prints of the leaves of the syntypes that have been examined match Sorindeia madagascariensis . One of the three syntypes Scasellati 64 has been designated as the lectotype.

8. Sorindeia oxyandra Bourobou & Breteler

Syst. Geogr. Pl. 69: 115 (1999). — Type: Breteler & de Wilde 50, Gabon, Monts de Cristal, Tchimbélé, ♂ fl. Aug. (holo-, WAG; iso-, BR, LBV, MO) .

Tree up to 8 m tall. Leaves up to 18-foliolate, glabrous to sparsely puberulous; folioles papery, narrowly, oblong-lanceolate, 10-19 × 3-4 cm, rounded to cuneate at base, long-acuminate at apex, the acumen 1-2 cm long, 1-1.5 mm wide; midrib and the 14-20 pairs of main lateral nerves slightly prominent above, more distinctly so beneath, the ‘collecting nerve’ indistinct or absent. Flowers (Aug.) in glabrous, up to 14 cm. long panicles, borne on the stem, the male with 15-18 stamens of 2.5-3.5 mm long, the female with 10-12 staminodes and a glabrous pistil. Immature fruits (Aug.) subellipsoid, 1.5-2 × 0.8- 1.3 cm, glabrous. — Figs. 1F , 3G , 5.

HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Rain forest, Monts de Cristal, Gabon and Alen Mt., Equatorial Guinea. Alt. up to c. 1000 m.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — EQUATORIAL GUINEA: Senterre & Obiang 3817, Alen Mt. , ster. Dec. ( BRLU) . — GABON: Breteler & de Wilde 50, Tchimbélé, ♂ fl. Aug. ( BR, LBV, MO, WAG) ; Breteler & de Wilde 51, Tchimbélé, ♀ fl., y.fr. Aug. ( MO, WAG) .

9. Sorindeia winkleri Engl.

Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 13 (1909). — Type: Winkler

760, Cameroun, Campo, fr. Nov. (holo-, B, delet.;

lecto-, Z, designated here).

Sorindeia rubriflora Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46: 338 (1911). — Type : Zenker 1276 & 2884, Cameroun, Bipindi , fl. Feb.-Mar., and Tessmann B143 , Equatorial Guinea, Nkolentangan , fl. Mar. (syn-, B, delet.). Neotype (designated here): Tchouto et al. 3207, Cameroun, Onoyong, ♂ fl. Mar. (WAG).

Sorindeia immersinervia Engl. & v. Brehmer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 312 (1917). — Type: Mildbraed 5382, Cameroun, Lomié, fr. May (holo-, B, delet.; lecto-, HBG, designated here).

Sorindeia mildbraedii Engl. & v. Brehmer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 311 (1917); Keay in Hutch. & Dalziel, Fl. West Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 1: 737 (1958). — Type: Mildbraed 6243, Cameroun, between Campo and Kribi, Longo R., fl. July (holo-, B, delet.). Neotype (designated here): Bos 6616, Cameroun, 28 km Kribi-Lolodorf, fl. Mar. (WAG).

Sorindeia claessensii De Wild. var. monticola Van der Veken, Bull. Jard. Bot. État 29: 244 (1959); Fl. du Congo Belge & Ruanda-Urundi 9: 100 (1960). — Type: Michelson 808, Congo (Kinshasa), Kimbili, ster. Dec. (holo-, BR).

Slender shrub to small tree up to 15 m tall. Leaves (1-)7-11(-13) foliolate, the main axis puberulous to glabrous; folioles alternate to opposite, firmly papery to coriaceous, ± glabrous, oblongelliptic, often narrowly so (5-)10-18(-30) × (2-)3- 6(-10) cm, with (9-)11-18(-20) pairs of main lateral nerves, ‘collecting nerve’ distinct, midrib impressed above; rounded to cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, abruptly so or not. Inflorescence drooping, up to 60 cm long, reddish-purple, puberulous. Flowers (Jan.-Apr., Aug.-Sep.) yellow; ♂ flower with 14-16 stamens, filaments purple, 2-3 times as long as the anthers; ♀ flower with glabrous pistil and 5-staminodes. Fruits (Apr.-July; Sep.-Dec.) yellow to orange at maturity, glabrous, ovoid-ellipsoid, usually somewhat obliquely so, slightly laterally compressed, up to c. 3.5 × 2 cm; immature fruits often whitish, 3-sided in transverse section. — Figs. 1G , 3H , 9.

HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Rain forest of eastern Nigeria, Cameroun, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, eastern Congo (Kinshasa), Burundi, and western Tanzania. Alt. up to 1500 m.

SELECTED SPECIMENS. — CAMEROUN: Asonganyi 191, Sabeu R., 65 km SE Akonolinga, fr. June (P); Bates 1364 , Bitye, y.fr. (BM); Bos 6616, 28 km Kribi- Lolodorf, fl.b. Mar. (WAG); Breteler 2658, Oveng, fl. Mar. (BR, K, WAG); J.J. de Wilde 7938A, km 16 Ebolowa-Minkok, fl. Jan. (MO, WAG); W. de Wilde c.s. 2204, 50 km NW Eséka, fl.b. Apr. (WAG); Leeuwenberg & Berg 9757, km 11 Loum-Solé, fr. Apr. (BR, P, UPS, WAG); Mildbraed 5382, Lomié area, fr. May (HBG); Nemba & Thomas 149, between Kumba and Baduma, fr. July (MO); Tchouto et al. 3207, Onoyong, fl. Mar. (WAG); Winkler 760, Campo, fr. Nov. (Z). — CONGO (Kinshasa): Gutzwiller 1187, Shunga, fl.b. June (BR, K); Lejoly 1578, 45 km N of Lubutu, y.fr. June (BR); Michelson 808, Kumbili, ster. Dec. (BR). — EQUATORIAL GUINEA: Van Reeth 531, Alen Mt. Nat. Park, fl.b. Feb. (BRLU). — GABON: Breteler et al. 13176, Bambidie, fr. Oct. (WAG); Breteler & de Wilde 77, 25 km NE Assok, fl. Aug. (LBV, MO, WAG); Breteler & de Wilde 518, km 40 La Lara- Makokou, fl. Sep. (BR, K, LBV, MO, WAG); Breteler & de Wilde 632, Mayebut, Ivindo R., fl. Sep. (LBV, MO, WAG); N. Hallé & Le Thomas 178, Bélinga, fr. July (P); Leeuwenberg & Persoon 13565, 33 km E of Abanga Camp (Leroy), y.fr. Sep. (WAG); Le Testu 6306, Ebandou, fl.b. Sep. (P); Le Testu 7840, Bangoussou, fr. Dec. (BM, P); Moungazi 891, Makandé, fr. Nov. (LBV); Reitsma c.s. 2605, Lopé Res., fr. Nov. (LBV, WAG); Reitsma c.s. 2719, Ekobakoba, fr. Dec. (LBV, WAG). — NIGERIA: Ariwaodo 664, Uwet, fr. May (MO, WAG); Latilo FHI 41326, Akamkpa Rubber Estate, fr. Mar. (K, P); Onochie FHI 32906, Ibeno, ster. May (K). — RUANDA: Michel & Reed 1947, Kininga, ster. May (BR). — TANZANIA: Harley 9188, Kabwe R., S of Pasagulu, fl.b. Aug. (UPS).

Figures

Fig. 2. — Sorindeia grandifolia Engl.: A, flower showing imbricate petals. — S. juglandifolia (A. Rich.) Planch. ex Oliv.: B, flower showing valvate petals; C, part of leaf showing ‘collecting nerve’ between the main lateral nerves. — S. madagascariensis DC.: D, part of leaf, ‘collecting nerve’ absent. (A, Leeuwenberg 8854; B-C, Breteler et al. 8558; D, Lovett et al. 1002). Drawing by H. DE VRIES.

Fig. 1. — Flowers of Sorindeia species, one petal removed: A, S. africana (Engl.) Van der Veken; B, S. gabonensis Bourobou & Breteler; C, S. grandifolia Engl.; D, S. juglandifolia (A. Rich.) Planch. ex Oliv.; E, S. madagascariensis DC.; F, S. oxyandra Bourobou & Breteler; G, S. winkleri Engl. (A1, Reitsma et al. 2525; A2, Breteler & Jongkind 10225; A3, Louis et al. 1208; B1, Breteler & Jongkind 10730; B2, Breteler et al. 8731; C1, Leeuwenberg 9265; C2, Leeuwenberg 8854; D1, Breteler et al. 8735; D2, Morton SL692; E1, Jongkind et al. 3206; E2, Rabevohitra & Breteler 3899; F1, Breteler & de Wilde 51; F2, Breteler & de Wilde 50; G1, Breteler & de Wilde 518; G2, Breteler & de Wilde 632). Drawing by H. DE VRIES.

Fig. 3. — Fruits of Sorindeia species: A, S. africana (Engl.) Van der Veken; B, S. batekeensis Lec.; C, S. gabonensis Bourobou & Breteler; D, S. grandifolia Engl.; E, S. juglandifolia (A. Rich.) Planch. ex Oliv.; F, S. madagascariensis DC.; G, S. oxyandra Bourobou & Breteler; H, S. winkleri Engl. (A1, Breteler et al. 14735; A2, Breteler et al. 15033; B, Thollon 576; C, Breteler et al. 14754; D1, Meyer 15086; D2, J.J. de Wilde 8008; D3, Thomas 7023; E1, Reitsma et al. 2596; E2, Breteler & van Raalte 5626; E3, Devred 2554; F1, Jongkind et al. 3206; F2, Chapman 9358; G, Breteler & de Wilde 51; H, J.J. de Wilde 8850). Drawing by H. DE VRIES.

Fig. 9. — Distribution of Sorindeia madagascariensis DC. and S. winkleri Engl.

Fig. 5. — Distribution of Sorindeia batekeensis, S. gabonensis and S. oxyandra.