Silene brevicalyx, Hartvig & Strid, 1987

Atasagun, Bayram, Aksoy, Ahmet & Martin, Esra, 2016, Anatomical, palynological and karyological remarks of Silene brevicalyx and Silene ozyurtii (Caryophyllaceae), Phytotaxa 270 (2), pp. 116-126 : 118

Silene brevicalyx

Root: ― The periderm is the protective tissue at the outermost layer. Just beneath the periderm, there is a parenchymatic cortex composed of 11–14 cell rows. Druse crystals occur in cortex layer. Endodermis cannot be distinguished. Beneath the cortex layer, there is central cylinder composed of xylem and phloem. Phloem cells are less in number and size than xylem cells which occupy larger spaces. Just below the phloem, 2–3 rows cambium occur. Trachea and tracheid are apparent remarkably in the xylem tissue underneath the cambium. There are circular parenchymatic cells in pith ( Fig. 1b ).

Stem: ― The epidermis is composed of single-row rectangular-like cells at the outermost layer. Hairs occur on epiderm. Beneath the epiderm, there is a cortex layer composed of 2–3 rows of parenchymatic cells. Right under this layer, there is 8–10 rows of well-developed sclerenchyma layer. The walls of outward sclerenchyma cells are wider than the walls of inward cells. The vascular cylinder is surrounded by a single-layer endodermis. Vascular bundle is collateral type. Trachea and tracheid are quite explicit in vascular bundle. There is a pith composed of parenchymatic cells underneath the vascular bundles. Druse crystals occur in pith ( Fig. 1c ).

Leaf: ― The leaf cross-section clearly shows the 3 basic parts: epidermis, mesophyll tissue and vascular system. Epidermis cells appear over both side of the leaf in a single layer. Stomas occur in upper and lower epidermis. Hairs occur present on epiderm of both sides of leaf. Mesophyll tissue is composed of two types of cells as palisade and sponge parenchyma. Druse crystals are present into the leaf mesophyll. Central vascular bundle is larger and collateral in type ( Fig. 1d ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. S.brevicalyx a. General view. b. Cross-section of root. c. Cross-section of stem. d. Cross-section of leaf (p: periderm, co: cortex, ca: cambium, x: xylem, t: trachea, p: pith, pr: pith ray, dc: druse crystal, ph: phloem, sc: sclerenchyma, e: epidermis, en:endodermis, ue: upper epidermis, le: lower epidermis, pp: palisade parenchyma, sp: spongy parenchyma, vb: vascular bundle, st: stomata, h: hair).