Schizanthus carlomunozii var. dilutimaculatus V.Morales & Munoz-Schick, 2020

Morales-Fierro, Vanezza, Munoz-Schick, Melica & Moreira-Munoz, Andres, 2020, Synopsis of Schizanthus Ruiz & Pav. (Solanaceae), a genus endemic to the southern Andes, PhytoKeys 154, pp. 57-102 : 57

14b. Schizanthus carlomunozii var. dilutimaculatus V.Morales & Munoz-Schick var. nov. Fig. 7E-H

Diagnosis.

Similar to S. carlomunozii var. carlomunozii but differing in possessing three large and dark spots covering the distal portion of the upper lip. The colour of these spots fades from the bottom to the top.

Type.

Chile. Coquimbo: 1 km S Los Vilos, 31°55'17"S, 71°29'03"W, 6 Oct 2008, M. Muñoz 5020 (holotype: SGO! [acc. #157833]).

Description.

Annual plant, glandular-pilose, with one or several stems arising from the same root, up to 70 cm tall. Leaves bipinnatifid, the blade 4.5-7.5(13) cm long, 1.5-3.5(4) cm wide; segments irregularly divided (opposite or alternate) and perpendicular to the midrib. Inflorescence 5-30 cm long, with basal peduncles up to 30-40 mm long and apical peduncles up to 4-14 mm long. Calyx hirsute-glandular, the divisions linear-spathulate of 5-9(12) mm long, 1-2 mm wide. Corolla with the tube shorter than the calyx, up to 3 mm long; limb pink, lavender or lilac, sometimes whitish, 20-28 mm long, 15-25 mm wide; upper lip with three large spots of colour black to burgundy, which fade from the bottom to top. One of these spots occupies the total width of the upper half of the middle lobe, while the others two occupy the upper part of the lateral lobes; upper middle lobe 12-15 mm long, 7-9 mm wide, oblanceolate, the apex obtuse to retuse, dotted with dark spots over the yellow area; upper lateral lobes with the upper segments a little rounded downwards and wider than the lower segments; lower middle lobe 6-9 mm long, 4-6 mm wide; lateral lobes 10-12 mm long, 2 mm wide, linear-spathulate, longer than the middle lobe. Stamens almost reaching the length of the lower middle lobe. Capsule shorter or little longer than the calyx, glabrous.

Taxonomic notes.

The name selected to this variety refers to the coloured dark spots, which fade from the bottom to the top and cover the distal portion of the upper lip.

Key characters.

Similar to S. carlomunozii var. carlomunozii in the size and corolla form but differing in possessing three large and dark spots covering the distal portion of the upper lip. The colour of these spots fade from the bottom to the top.

Distribution.

Endemic to Chile, occurs along the coast between the Regions of Coquimbo (Province of Elqui, 29°25' lat. S) and Valparaíso (Province of Petorca, 32°20' lat. S). 20-350 m a.s.l.

Habitat.

On dunes and in sandy soils, shady slopes and recently disturbed roadside verges. It grows under the shade of shrubs and is associated with Centaurea chilensis Bertero ex W.Bull ( Asteraceae ), Myrcianthes coquimbensis ( Barnéoud) Landrum & Grifo ( Myrtaceae ) and Heliotropium stenophyllum Hook. & Arn. ( Heliotropiaceae ).

Conservation.

Chile. Coquimbo: Fray Jorge National Park.

Specimens examined.

Chile. Coquimbo: [Elqui Province] Panamericana, frente al Tofo, 9 Oct 1971, E. Kausel 5458 (SGO); m/m 40 kms al sur de La Serena, 15 Sep 1957, M. Ricardi & C. Marticorena 4330/715 (CONC); Carretera Panamericana, 40 km al S de La Serena, 15 Sep 1957, A.L. Cabrera 12587 (LP, US); 20 km norte de Guanaqueros, lado carretera, ladera exp. Oeste, 11 Oct 1987, C. von Bohlen 483 (SGO); Camino entre Guanaqueros y Coquimbo, 19 Sep 1980, M. Muñoz 1662 (SGO); Entre Las Tacas hacia Totoralillo, al Sur de Coquimbo por la carretera panamericana,15 Sep 1957, C. Muñoz 4168 (SGO); Idem, C. Muñoz 4174 (SGO); Depto. Ovalle, Quebrada Tongoicillo, 30°10'S, 71°21'W, 250 m a.s.l., 19 Sep 1948, C. Jiles 850 (CONC); Andacollo, Estación H/S Acueducto Andacollo, 750 m a.s.l., 12 Oct 1971, A. Flores & M. Flores 24 (SGO); A 5 km de El Peñón camino hacia Andacollo, 30°12'S, 71°9'W, 500-600 m a.s.l., 1-6 Apr 2008, M. Mihoc 438 (CONC); Camino Guanaqueros - Tongoy, 27 Sep 1997, M. Muñoz 3801 (SGO); Depto. Ovalle, Estancia Camarones, 30°20'S, 71°25'W, 75 m a.s.l., 19 Oct 1961, C. Jiles 3855 (CONC); [ Limarí Province] Entre Panamericana y Fray Jorge (Coquimbo), 19 Oct 1963, A. Garaventa s.n. (CONC); Bosque Fray Jorge, Sep 1971, O. Muñoz s.n. (CONC); Parque Nacional Fray Jorge, 18 Oct 2000, N. Muñoz s.n. (SGO); Sur de Socos, 22 Sep 1991, I. Moreira 4 (SGO); Hacienda Talinay (Prov. de Coquimbo), 12 Oct 1961, A. Garaventa s.n. (CONC); Ovalle, El Parral, 500 m a.s.l., 4 Sep 1950, C. Jiles 1853 (CONC); Dpto. Ovalle, Las Tunas, 11 Sep 1952, C. Jiles 2152 (CONC); Dto. Ovalle, Quebrada Teniente, 19 Sep 1952, M. Ricardi 2048 (CONC); Al norte de Mantos de Hornillos, 1 km antes de la Quebrada del Teniente, 13 Oct 1963, C. Marticorena & O. Matthei 138 (CONC); Sur Bahía El Teniente, 270 m a.s.l., 22 Sep 1991, M. Muñoz 2577 (SGO); Corral de Julio, exclusión La Rojadilla, 150 m a.s.l., 6 Nov 1976, M. Muñoz 919 (F, SGO); Dpto. Ovalle, Quebrada Amolanas, 31°12'S, 71°36'W, 260 m a.s.l., 3 Oct 1948, C. Jiles 985 (CONC); Idem, C. Jiles 921 (CONC); [Choapa Province] Dpto. Illapel, Caleta Oscuro, 31°25'S, 71°35'W, 5-50 m a.s.l., 2 Nov 1974, C. Marticorena, O. Matthei & R. Rodríguez 326 (CONC); Canela Baja, 11 Sep 1997, O. Zoellner 21985 (CONC); Canela Baja a 11 km de la Carretera, 310 m a.s.l., 5 Oct 1997, M. Muñoz 3846 (SGO); Salida camino Canela a Ruta 5 sur, 5 Oct 1997, M. Muñoz 3850 (SGO); Dpto. Illapel, Carretera Panamericana, 10 km al norte de Huentelauquén, 16 Oct 1971, C. Marticorena, R. Rodríguez & E. Weldt 1417 (CONC); Dto. Illapel, Quillaicillo, 18 Sep 1952, M. Ricardi 2019 (CONC); Altos Mincha-Illapel (Coquimvo), 17 Oct 1965, J. Lazcano s.n. (CONC); Dpto. Illapel, Huentelauquén, 31°35'S, 71°32'W, 75 m a.s.l., 20 Oct 1955, C. Jiles 2812 (CONC); Huentelauquén, quebrada, 31°35'S, 71°32'W, 1 Oct 1957, G. Monsalve 17 (SGO); Ruta 5N, N caleta Chigualoco Km 246, 31°44'15"S, 71°31'3"W, 113 m a.s.l., 9 Oct 2014, A. Moreira 2272 (AMM); Dpto. Illapel. Carretera Panamericana, 14 km al norte de Los Vilos. Quebrada El Pangue, 16 Oct 1971, C. Marticorena, R. Rodríguez & E. Weldt 1392 (CONC); 7.3 km on Panamericana N of Turnoff from Panamericana to Los Vilos, between the road and the coast on top of the coastal rocks, 0-40 m a.s.l., 11 Nov 1991, U. Eggli & B. Leuenberger 1673 (SGO); Más al Norte Quebrada Las Palmas, 18 Sep 1980, M. Muñoz 1659 (SGO); Quebrada Las Palmas, 22 Sep 1961, F. Behn s.n. (CONC); Prov. Aconcagua, Las Palmas, Dec 1976, R. Palma s.n. (CONC); Al llegar a la Quebrada de Las Palmas, donde se ven tres palmeras al lado izquierdo del puente, 21 Sep 1980, M. Muñoz 1686 (SGO); About 10 km north of town [Los Vilos], 31°55'S, 71°30'W, 20 m a.s.l., 3 Oct 1995, M.F. Gardner & S. Knees 5905 (E); Los Vilos, ca. 20 m a.s.l., 8 Oct 1965, G. Montero s.n. (CONC); Los Vilos, ca. 20 m a.s.l., 8 Oct 1965, G. Montero 7199 (IND); Los Vilos, Sep 1952, L. Peña s.n. (CONC); Los Vilos, 30 Oct 1976, O. Zoellner 9346 (CONC); Los Vilos, 27 Oct 1991, A. Brinck s.n. (SGO); Los Vilos, quebrada, 31°55'S, 71°32'W, Oct 1957, G. Monsalve 72 (SGO); Carretera panamericana, entre Pichidangui y Los Vilos, 12 Oct 1963, C. Marticorena & O. Matthei 78 (CONC); Carretera Panamericana, 1 km al sur de paso superior Palo Colorado, 15 Oct 1971, C. Marticorena, R. Rodríguez & E. Weldt 1352 (CONC, F); Norte de Pichidangui, 32°5'21.1"S, 71°30'31.4"W, 54 m a.s.l., 6 Oct 2008, M. Muñoz 5019 (SGO); Peaje al norte de Pichidangui, 32°5'42.6"S, 71°30'19.2"W, 79 m a.s.l., 12 Sep 2008, M. Muñoz 5001 (SGO); 23.6 km south of Los Vilos on the Panamerican Hwy., 85 m a.s.l., 1 Nov 1990, T.G. Lammers, C.M. Baeza & P. Peñailillo 7678 (CONC); Valparaíso: [Petorca Province] Al Norte de Los Molles, 19 Oct 1984, M. Muñoz 1882 (SGO); Unknown: Chile, Jul-Aug 1856, W.H. Harvey 3898 (E); Chili, Jul 1912, Unknown s.n. (L); Without locality, Unknown 597 (US).

Figures

Figure 7. A distribution of Schizanthus carlomunozii var. carlomunozii B illustration of S. carlomunozii var. carlomunozii by S. Rafols (Munoz-Pizarro 1966) C, D examples of S. carlomunozii var. carlomunozii in Fray Jorge National Park E distribution of Schizanthus carlomunozii var. dilutimaculatus F examples of S. carlomunozii var. dilutimaculatus in Amolanas G Las Majadas H El Nague. Photos by M. T. Eyzaguirre (C, D, G, H), M. Aldunate (F).