Sasakia charonda

Lee, Young June, 2009, Apaturinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Korean Peninsula: Synonymic Lists and Keys to Tribes, Genera and Species, Zootaxa 2169, pp. 1-20 : 10

Sasakia charonda ( Hewitson, [1863])

( Figs. 4 , 14 )

Diadema charonda Hewitson , [1863]: [3], pl. [10](2–3) [Type locality: Japan].

Sasakia charonda: Seok, 1939b: 166 ; Seok and Umitatsu, 1942: 188; Kim and Mi, 1956: 398; Lee, 1971: 13; Seok, 1973: 224; Lee, 1973: 6; Shin, 1975: 45; Lee, 1982: 77; Chou, 1994: 452; Lee, 2005: 27.

Euripus coreanus Leech, 1887: 418 [Type locality: “south of Gensan”, Corea] (first record from Korea); Leech, 1893: 149 ( charonda var.); Moore, [1896]: 39 ( Sasakia coreana ).

Sasakia charonda f. coreana: Stichel, 1908: 166 ; Seok, 1939a: 182; Seok, 1939b: 166 ( coreanus ); Seok, 1942: 88 (careanus [sic]); Kim and Mi, 1956: 398 ( coreanus ); Seok, 1973: 224 ( coreanus ).

Sasakia charonda coreana: Nire, 1918: 97 (corernus [sic]); Doi, 1919: 123; Doi, 1931: 45 ( Apatura ); Sugitani, 1932b: 101; Nakayama, 1932: 379; Seok, 1934: 745; Mori et al., 1934: 35; Kishida and Nakamura, 1936: 562; Inomata, 1982: xix; Okano, 1998: 6.

Sasakia charonda charonda: Sugitani, 1932b: 101 ; Seok, 1934: 744; Mori et al., 1934: 35; Seok, 1939b: 166 ( charonda f.); Seok, 1942: 88 ( charonda f.); Kim and Mi, 1956: 398 ( charonda f.); Seok, 1973: 224 ( charonda f.).

Subspecies. The Korean populations are considered to belong to subsp. coreanus .

Adult. Active from mid June to late August (one brood). Males are often seen sitting on the ground or sucking water from the ground. They also feed on decomposing organisms or fermenting sap fluid of oak trees. In the afternoon, they move to mountain peaks or ridges to sit on trees and engage in hilltopping. Females are attracted to fermenting fluids, especially fluxes issuing from oak trees.

Larval host plants. Celtis jessoensis , Celtis sinensis , Aphananthe spp., etc. of Ulmaceae ( Kim 1965) .

Life cycle. The 4th or 5th instar larvae hibernate mainly on undersides of fallen leaves on the ground below the food plants ( Fig. 14 ). See Harada and Igarashi (1993).

Distribution. Korea (excluding northeastern mountainous areas of the Korean Peninsula, but including Jejudo Is. and some adjacent islands of Incheon and Gyeonggi-do), China, Taiwan and Japan.

Figures

FIGURES 3 – 10. Male specimens of eight species of the Korean Apaturinae. 3. Hestina japonica (Felder and Felder) (summer brood); 4. Sasakia charonda (Hewitson); 5. Mimathyma nycteis (Ménétriès); 6. Sephisa princeps (Fixsen); 7. Chitoria ulupi (Doherty); 8. Apatura ilia (Denis and Schiffermüller); 9. Apatura metis Freyer; 10. Apatura iris (Linnaeus).

FIGURES 14 – 15. Larvae of Sasakia charonda and Dichorragia nesimachus. 14. A 4 th instar larva of Sasakia charonda (Hewitson) hibernating on the underside of a fallen leaf, Gwangneung, Korea, 16 March 2005; 15. An ultimate instar larva of Dichorragia nesimachus (Doyère) on a leaf of Meliosma myriantha Siebold and Zucc., Gamagol, Damyang, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 16 July 2005 (photograph provided by Nam Song Kim).