Raveniola nenilini, Zonstein, 2024

Zonstein, Sergei L., 2024, A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia, European Journal of Taxonomy 967, pp. 1-185 : 71-73

Raveniola nenilini sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0AF92C5C-1013-4448-8948-0447994ACDAC

Figs 25 , 58 , 105 , 131 , 160 , 190 , 224 , 251 , 283 , 307 , 374 , 448–449 , 541–543 , 609–611 , 723–730, 758

Raveniola virgata – Zonstein 1987: 1018 (part).

Diagnosis

Males of Raveniola nenilini sp. nov. differ from the related male congeners by the following characters: from R. michailovi and R. virgata by a gently arcuate (vs slightly twisted) embolus, and from R. vulpina sp. nov. in having a considelably shorter and stouter palpal tibia, as well as a broader copulatory bulb ( Figs 374 , 448–449 cf. Figs 377–378 , 445–447 , 454–465 ). Females of R. nenilini are distinguishable due to a specific structure of the spermathecae, with long strap-shaped trunks, and long and thin lateral diverticula, where each diverticulum starts with a long and narrow neck and ends with a short subglobular fundus (vs differently arranged spermathecal structures in other species). See Figs 541–543 cf. Figs 538–540, 544–550 ).

Etymology

The specific epithet is given in honour and memory of Andrei Nenilin (1960–1986), noting his role in the modern research of the Central Asian spider fauna.

Material examined

Holotype

UZBEKISTAN • ♂; Ugam Mts (southern slope), Kainarsai Gorge ; 41°42.3′ N, 70°00.5′ E; 1300 m a.s.l.; 24 Apr. 1983; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH.

Paratypes (2 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀)

UZBEKISTAN • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 1300–1400 m a.s.l.; SMNH • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; 1150–1250 m a.s.l.; 19–20 Oct. 1985; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype, Sijaksai Gorge ; 41°43′ N, 70°03′ E; 1200 m a.s.l.; 31 Mar. 1983; A.B. Nenilin and S.V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀; Chimgan Mts (northern slope), Mazarsai Canyon ; 41º33′ N, 70º05′ E; 1200 m a.s.l.; 16 Jun. 1995; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding, Gulikamsai Canyon ; 41º33′ N, 70º04′ E; 1300 m a.s.l.; 8 May 2023; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH .

Additional material (4 ♀♀, 3 juvs)

UZBEKISTAN • 1 juv.; Chatkal Mts (western slope), Aksakata Canyon, northwestern slope of Mt Syurenata ; 41°24′ N, 69°51′ E; 1600–1800 m a.s.l.; 3 May 2018; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 juv.; Ugam Mts , Urumgachsai Gorge ; 41°55′ N, 70°20′ E; 1300 m a.s.l.; 24 Jun. 1997; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 juv.; Karzhantau Mts , Kansai Canyon , 2 km W of Khumsan Town; 41°41′ N, 69°55′ E; 1050 m a.s.l.; 6 May 2022; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 4 ♀♀; Qurama Mts , Kamchik Pass ; 41°06′ N, 70°31′ E; 2200 m a.s.l.; 8 Apr. 1986; S.V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH .

Description

Male (holotype)

HABITUS. See Fig. 25.

MEASUREMENTS. TBL 8.55, CL 4.26, CW 3.77, LL 0.34, LW 0.71, SL 2.04, SW 1.71.

COLOUR. Carapace and chelicerae uniformly brownish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; palps and legs yellowish orange (leg I slightly darker than other legs); sternum, labium and maxillae light yellowish orange; abdomen dorsally with reticulate pattern consisting of numerous dense and irregular light yellow spots on medium chestnut brown background, and ventrally light greyish brown, with pale yellowish brown book-lungs and spinnerets.

CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 105 . Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 160 . Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10(0.14), ALE 0.19, PLE 0.14, PME 0.11; AME–AME 0.12(0.08), ALE–AME 0.06(0.04), ALE–PLE 0.05, PLE–PME 0.04, PME–PME 0.25. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 2 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 224 . Maxillae with 17–18 cuspules each.

LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 283 , 307 . Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided with setae on tarsus II; sparse and widely divided on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 each on tibiae, 10–11 on metatarsi, 11–12 on tarsi, 9–10 on cymbium. PTC I–IV with 9–10 teeth on each margin.

SPINATION. Palpal patella, patella I, and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur d3, pd2; tibia d1, p3, r1, v3; cymbium d4(5). Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; tibia p2, pv2, r1, rv2(1)+2M; metatarsus v2. Leg II: femur d4, pd3; patella p1; tibia p3, v7; metatarsus p1, v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2; tibia d2, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d2, p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1, r1; tibia d2, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d3(2), p3, r4, v8.

PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 374 . Embolus long, tapering and slightly curved subapically ( Figs 448–449 ).

SPINNERETS. See Fig. 609 . PMS: length 0.16, diameter 0.06. PLS: maximal diameter 0.31; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.64, 0.28, 0.29; total length 1.21; apical segment triangular.

	Femur	Patella	Tibia	Metatarsus	Tarsus	Total
Palp	2.41 (3.53)	1.24 (1.98)	1.81 (2.31)	–	0.64 (2.06)	6.10 (9.88)
Leg I	4.04 (4.52)	1.96 (2.76)	3.11 (3.29)	2.99 (2.24)	1.98 (1.69)	14.08 (14.50)
Leg II	3.87 (4.45)	1.82 (2.57)	2.80 (2.87)	2.82 (2.21)	1.87 (1.58)	13.18 (13.68)
Leg III	3.34 (3.36)	1.26 (2.08)	2.31 (2.37)	3.22 (2.98)	1.91 (1.99)	12.04 (12.78)
Leg IV	4.06 (5.04)	1.75 (2.41)	3.19 (3.18)	4.29 (4.11)	2.20 (2.17)	15.49 (16.91)

Female (paratype from Kainarsai)

HABITUS. See Fig. 58.

MEASUREMENTS. TBL 16.50, CL 6.62, CW 5.87, LL 0.53, LW 1.11, SL 3.26, SW 2.80.

COLOUR. As in male.

CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 131 . Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 190 . Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.14(0.19), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.20, PME 0.14;AME–AME 0.21(0.16), ALE–AME 0.16(0.14), ALE–PLE 0.12, PLE–PME 0.10, PME–PME 0.48. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9–10 promarginal teeth and 2 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 251 . Maxillae with 15–17 cuspules each.

LEGS. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; sparse and widely divided on tarsus III; rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–10 each on tibiae, 13–19 on metatarsi, 12–14 on tarsi, 9 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 3 promarginal teeth. PTC I–II and III–IV with 4–5 and 5–6 teeth on each margin, respectively.

SPINATION. Femora I–IV with 1–2 basodorsal spines and 2–3 dorsal spikes (underdeveloped spines); palpal femur dorsally with 3 spikes; palpal patella, patella I, and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; tibia p2, v4; tarsus v2. Leg I: femur pd2; tibia p2, v3; metatarsus v4. Leg II: femur pd2; patella p1; tibia p2, v5; metatarsus v7. Leg III: femur pd3, rd2; patella p3(2), r1; tibia d1, p2, r2(1), v7; metatarsus d3(2), p3, r3, v8(7). Leg IV: femur pd1, rd1; patella r1; tibia p2, r2, v7; metatarsus p3, r2, v8(7).

SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with relatively short and wide base carrying two equally thin, long and weakly diverging branches ( Fig. 542 ).

SPINNERETS. See Fig. 610 . PMS: length 0.28, diameter 0.15. PLS: maximal diameter 0.65; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.84, 0.45, 0.37; total length 1.66; apical segment triangular.

Variation

Carapace length in male paratypes (n =2) varies from 3.84 to 4.73, in females (n= 8) from 3.67 to 6.62. Variation in the structure of the spermathecae and female spinnerets as shown in Figs 541, 543 and 611 .

Ecology

All spiders were found hiding in leaf litter or in soil cavities under stones in the montane woods, composed of Acer spp. , Juglans regia and Juniperus spp. ( Figs 723–730 ).

Distribution

Known from the westernmost part of the Tieng-Shan mountain system: Ugam Mts and adjoining part of Chimgan Mts. Most likely, a few conspecific specimens, represented chiefly by juveniles, were found also in midlands and highlands of the neighboring Chatkal, Karzhantau and Qurama Mts. See Fig. 758 .

Figures

Figs 19–27. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (except 22, 24, 27), habitus, dorsal views.19. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (ZISP). 20. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH). 21. R. kopetdaghensis (Fet, 1984) (ZISP). 22. R. kopetdaghensis, ♂ from Mt. Syunt (SMNH). 23. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021 (SMNH). 24. R. mikhailovi, paratype (SMNH). 25. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). 26. R. ovchinnikovi sp. nov. (SMNH). 27. R. ovchinnikovi, paratype (SMNH). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figs 54–62. Raveniola spp., ♀♀, paratypes (except 59–60), habitus, dorsal views. 54. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (SMNH). 55. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH). 56–57. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021, from Aflatun (ZMMU) and Sary-Chelek Reserve (SMNH), respectively. 58. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). 59. R. tarabaevi sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 60. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), ♀ from Arslanbob (SMNH). 61–62. R. vulpina sp. nov., from Sary-Chelek Reserve and Tereksai (both SMNH), respectively. Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figs 100–108. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (except 107), cephalothorax, dorsal views. 100. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). 101. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (ZISP). 102. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH). 103. R. kopetdaghensis (Fet, 1984) (ZISP). 104. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021 (SMNH). 105. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). 106. R. ovchinnikovi sp. nov. (SMNH). 107. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), ♂ from vicinity of Arslanbob (SMNH). 108. R. vulpina sp. nov. (SMNH). Scale bars: 2.0 mm.

Figs 127–135. Raveniola spp., ♀♀, paratypes (except 132–133), cephalothorax, dorsal views. 127. R. zyuzinisp. nov. (SMNH). 128. R. ferghanensis(Zonstein, 1984) (SMNH). 129. R. kirgizicasp. nov. (SMNH). 130. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021, from Sary-Chelek Reserve (SMNH). 131. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). 132. R. tarabaevi sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 133. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), from Arslanbob (SMNH). 134–135. R. vulpina sp. nov., from Sary-Chelek Reserve and Tereksai (both SMNH), respectively. Scale bars: 2.0 mm.

Figs 160–171. Raveniola spp., ♂♂ (160–165) and ♀♀ (166–171), clypeus and eye tubercle, dorsal views. 160. R. nenilini sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 161. R. ovchinnikovi sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 162. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), ♂ from vicinity of Arslanbob (SMNH). 163. R. virgata, ♂ from Gava (SMF). 164. R. vulpina sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 165. R. vulpina, paratype from Tereksai (SMNH). 166. R. redikorzevi (Spassky, 1937), ♀ from Kepele (SMNH). 167. R. afghana sp. nov., holotype (NHMD). 168. R. alajensis sp. nov. (SMNH). 169. R. concolor Zonstein, 2000 (MCSN AR 19). 170– 171. R. cucullata sp. nov., paratypes from Shikildara and Shahob (SMNH), respectively. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs 184–195. Raveniola spp., ♀♀, paratypes (except 191–193), clypeus and eye tubercle, dorsal views. 184. R. pallens sp. nov. (SMNH). 185. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). 186. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (SMNH). 187. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH). 188–189. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021, from Aflatun (ZMMU) and Sary-Chelek Reserve (SMNH), respectively. 190. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). 191. R. tarabaevi sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 192–193. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), ♀♀ from Arslanbob (SMNH) and Gava (SMF), respectively. 194–195. R. vulpina sp. nov., from Sary-Chelek Reserve and Tereksai, respectively (both SMNH). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs 220–228. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (except 226, 228), sternum, labium and maxillae, ventral views. 220. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (ZISP). 221. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH). 222. R. kopetdaghensis (Fet, 1984) (ZISP). 223. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021 (SMNH). 224. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). 225. R. ovchinnikovi sp. nov. (SMNH). 226. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), ♂ from vicinity of Arslanbob (SMNH). 227. R. vulpina sp. nov. (SMNH). 228. R. vulpina, paratype from Tereksai (SMNH). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 247–255. Raveniola spp., ♀♀, paratypes (except 252–253), sternum, labium and maxillae, ventral views. 247. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (SMNH). 248. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH). 249–250. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021, from Aflatun (ZMMU) and Karangitun (SMNH), respectively. 251. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). 252. R. tarabaevi sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 253. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), ♀ from Arslanbob (SMNH). 254–255. R. vulpina sp. nov., from Sary-Chelek Reserve and Tereksai, respectively (both SMNH). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 282–289. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (except 285–287, 289), tibia and metatarsus I, retrolateral views. 282. R. mikhailoviZonstein, 2021 (SMNH). 283. R. nenilinisp. nov. (SMNH). 284. R. ovchinnikovi sp. nov. (SMNH). 285. R. ovchinnikovi, paratype (SMNH). 286. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), ♂ from vicinity of Arslanbob (SMNH). 287. R. virgata, ♂ from Gava (SMF). 288. R. vulpina sp. nov. (SMNH). 289. R. vulpina, paratype from Tereksai (SMNH). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 290–309. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (except 290, 294, 300, 302, 308), metatarsus I, ventral views. 290. R. redikorzevi (Spassky, 1937), ♂ from Akar-Cheshme (SMNH). 291. R. alajensis sp. nov. (SMNH). 292. R. concolor Zonstein, 2000 (MCSN AR 18). 293. R. cucullata sp. nov. (SMNH). 294. R. cucullata, paratype from Shahob (SMNH).295. R. dolosa sp. nov.(SMNH). 296. R. hirtasp. nov. (SMNH). 297. R. ignobilis sp. nov. (SMNH). 298. R. ornata sp. nov. (SMNH). 299. R. ornatula sp. nov. (SMNH). 300. R. ornatula, paratype (SMNH).301. R. pamirasp. nov. (SMNH). 302. R. pamira, paratype (SMNH). 303. R. diluta sp. nov. (SMNH). 304. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH). 305. R. kopetdaghensis (Fet, 1984) (ZISP). 306. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021 (SMNH). 307. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). 308. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), ♂ from vicinity of Arslanbob (SMNH). 309. R. vulpina sp. nov. (SMNH). Modified hairs are indicated with arrows. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 364–378. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (except 366, 369, 376, 378), palpal tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb, retrolateral (364–377) and retroventral (378) views. 364. R. pamira sp. nov. (SMNH). 365. R. diluta sp. nov. (SMNH). 366. R. fedotovi (Charitonov, 1946), lectotype (ZMMU). 367. R. pallens sp. nov. (SMNH). 368. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). 369. R. zyuzini, paratype (SMNH). 370. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (ZISP). 371. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH).372. R. kopetdaghensis (Fet, 1984) (ZISP). 373. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021 (SMNH). 374. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). 375. R. ovchinnikovi sp. nov. (SMNH). 376. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), ♂ from vicinity of Arslanbob (SMNH). 377. R. vulpina sp. nov. (SMNH). 378. R. vulpina, paratype from Tereksai (SMNH). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 448–456. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (except 453–456), details of copulatoty bulb, retrolateral (448, 450–451, 454) and ventral (449, 452–453, 455–456) views. 448–449. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). 450–452. R. ovchinnikovisp. nov. (SMNH). 453. R. ovchinnikovi, paratype (SMNH). 454–455. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), ♂ from vicinity of Arslanbob (SMNH). 456. R. virgata, ♂ from Charvak (SMNH). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs 537–554. Raveniola spp., ♀♀, spermathecae, dorsal views. 537. R. kirgizica sp. nov., paratype (SMNH). 538. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021, female from Chapchama Pass (SMNH). 539– 540. R. mikhailovi, paratypes from Aflatun (ZMMU) and Sary-Chelek Reserve (SMNH), respectively. 541. R. nenilini sp. nov., female from Kamchik Pass (SMNH). 542–543. R. nenilini, paratypes from Kainarsai (SMNH). 544. R. tarabaevi sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 545. R. tarabaevi, paratype from Uzunbulak (SMNH). 546. R. tarabaevi, paratype from Turgen (SMNH). 547. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), paralectotype (MNHN 6506-B361). 548–550. R. virgata, females from surroundings of Arslanbob (SMNH). 551–552. R. vulpina sp. nov., paratypes from Tumanyak (SMNH). 553–554. R. vulpina, from Tereksai (SMNH).Abbreviations: ld = lateral diverticulum; st = spermathecal trunk. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs 602–610. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (602, 604–606, 609) and ♀♀ paratypes (603, 607–608, 610). Spinnerets, ventral (602–604, 606–610) and lateral (605) views. 602–603. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH). 604. R. kopetdaghensis (Fet, 1984) (ZISP). 605–608. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021 (SMNH). 609–610. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 611–618. Raveniola spp., ♀♀ (611, 613, 615, 617–618) and ♂♂ (612, 614, 616). Spinnerets, ventral (611–617) and subcaudal (618) views. 611. R. nenilini sp. nov., paratype from Mazarsai (SMNH). 612. R. ovchinnikovi sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 613. R. tarabaevi sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 614– 615. R. virgata (Fet, 1984), from vicinity of Arslanbob (SMNH). 616. R. vulpina sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 617–618. R. vulpina, paratype from Tumanyak (SMNH). Strictly reduced PMS indicated by white arrows. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 439–447. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes, details of copulatoty bulb; retroventral (439, 441, 444– 445), ventral (440, 442–443, 446) and proventral (447) views. 439–440. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (ZISP). 441–442. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH). 443–444. R. kopetdaghensis (Fet, 1984) (ZISP). 445–447. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021 (SMNH). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs 723–730. Habitats of Raveniola nenilini sp. nov., Uzbekistan. 723. Pskem River valley and Charvak Reservoir, with Ugam Mts left and Pskem Mts right. 724. Ugam Mts, Kainarsai Gorge. 725– 726. Same, a walnut forest growing in a ravine. 727. Karzhantau Mts, Humsan Canyon. 728. Chimgan Mts, Gulikamsai Gorge. 729. Chatkal Mts (western slope), Aksakata Canyon, northwestern slope of Mt Syurenata. 730. Same, midland juniper woodland on rocky slopes (ca 1700 m a.s.l.).

Figs 751–760. Distribution records of Raveniola spp. 751. R. alajensis sp. nov. (), R. cucullata sp. nov. () and R. dolosa sp. nov. (). 752. R. hirta sp. nov. (), R. ignobilis sp. nov. () and R. insolita sp. nov. (). 753. R. karategensis sp. nov. (), R. ornata sp. nov. () and R. ornatula sp. nov. (). 754. R. pamira sp. nov. (), R. sororcula sp. nov. () and R. diluta sp. nov. (). 755. R. fedotovi (Charitonov, 1946) (), R. pallens sp. nov. () and R. zyuzini sp. nov. (). 756. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) () and R. kirgizica sp. nov. (). 757. R. kopetdaghensis (Fet, 1984) (). 758. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021 () and R. nenilini sp. nov. (). 759. R. ovchinnikovi sp. nov. () and R. tarabaevi sp. nov. (). 760. R. virgata (Simon, 1891) (;? = the questionable type locality) and R. vulpina sp. nov. (). Country abbreviations as in Figs 747–750.