Pachira obtusa Spruce ex K. Schum., in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3): 232. 1886.

Carvalho-Sobrinho, Jefferson, Yoshikawa, Vania Nobuko & Dorr, Laurence J., 2021, Notes on Brazilian Pachira (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) II: Additional typifications and new synonymies, PhytoKeys 186, pp. 53-72 : 53

Pachira obtusa Spruce ex K. Schum., in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3): 232. 1886.

Bombax obtusum (Spruce ex K. Schum.) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 6: 181. 1924.

Bombax poissonianum K. Schum., in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3): 225. 1886, syn. nov. Type: Brazil. Rio Negro, s.d. (lf, fl), sine collector (holotype: P barcode 02285965 [= F neg. No. 35362]).

Bombax utiarityi Hoehne, Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 567, t. 10. 1927, syn. nov. Pachira utiarityi (Hoehne) Toledo & Handro, in Hoehne, Relat. Anual Inst. Bot. 1943: 39. 1944. Pachira utiarityi (Hoehne) Hoehne, Indice Bibliogr. Num.: 280. 1951, nom. inval. Rhodagnaphalopsis nitida var. utiarityi (Hoehne) A. Robyns, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 33: 284. 1963. Type: Brazil. Mato Grosso, Salto do Utiarityi, Rio Papagaio, Apr 1918 (lf, fl), J.G. Kuhlmann 2145 (lectotype, as " holotypus," designated by Robyns 1963, p. 285: RB barcode 00534522; isolectotypes: R barcode 000027315, R barcode 000027315a, S-PLE-E4219 n.v., SP barcode SP002722).

Type.

Brazil. Amazonas, Prope San Gabriel da Cachoeira, ad Rio Negro, Brasiliae borealis, Jan-Aug 1852 [Feb. 1852] (lf, fl), R. Spruce 2150 (lectotype, designated here: K barcode 000382337 [ “São Gabriel, Feb. 1852 "; handwritten label]; isolectotypes: B†, BM barcode 000778668, E barcode 00285197, FI barcode 006090, G n.v., K barcode 000382338, LE n.v., M barcode 0211650 [= F neg. no. 19668], NY barcode 00133532, P barcode 05273649 [handwritten label], RB barcode 00060397, TDC [= TCD?] n.v., W barcode 18890017579) .

Note.

The protologue of Pachira obtusa cites a single collection, "Spruce n. 2150," which we assume Schumann examined in Berlin (B) and which was subsequently destroyed in WWII. In his revision, Robyns (1963, p. 284) failed to select a lectotype since he made no distinction between duplicates of this collection deposited in various herbaria. We designate here as lectotype of the name a sheet deposited in Kew (K) that has a handwritten locality as well as a narrower collecting date ("Feb. 1852") than the majority of duplicates that have printed labels and an eight-month range for the collecting date ("Jan.-Aug. 1852").

In the protologue of Bombax poissonianum , Schumann (1886) states that he thinks his new species might be the same as the Pachira nitida of Decaisne or Kunth (viz., " Pachira nitida Dcne.! Miscell bot. 1880. p. 9, an Kunth?"). Bombax poissonianum , however, is not a superfluous renaming of P. nitida because Schumann (1886, p. 225) included an expression of doubt (see Turland et al. 2018; Art. 52.2, Note 1). There is nothing to tell us who collected the type specimen nor when it was collected. The epithet and author (viz., " nitida Kth.") written on the holotype label appears to be a later addition (the handwriting differs from that of whomever wrote the locality). The specimen was annotated "det. Schumann in Fl. Bras." and is undoubtedly the one Schumann (1886, p. 225) mentioned in the protologue.

In the protologue of Bombax utiarityi , Hoehne (1927) cites a single collection, "Kuhlmann 2145," but he does not indicate where it was deposited. When Toledo and Handro in Hoehne (1944, p. 39) proposed a new combination for this species, they mentioned a Kuhlmann specimen housed at SP (as "Inst. Bot. 11.914, leg. J.G. Kuhlmann"), but they did not provide a collection number and failed to use the word “type” or an equivalent ( Turland et al. 2018; Art. 7.11). When Robyns (1963, p. 285) proposed a new combination and status for B. utiarityi , he also effectively selected a lectotype ( Turland et al. 2018; Art. 9.10). The lectotype he designated has an original handwritten label. Inasmuch as Bombax utiarityi agrees with both B. poissonianum and Pachira obtusa morphologically and the habitat of occurrence (flooded forest in Amazonia and adjacent Savanna) of all three are the same, we consider B. utiarityi to be a synonym of P. obtusa .

The designation Pachira utiarityi (Hoehne) Hoehne ( Hoehne 1951) is not validly published. It was proposed as an alternative for Bombax utiarityi , which was the name Hoehne accepted (see Turland et al. 2018; Art. 36.1(a)).