Nothoperanema squamiseta (Hook.) Ching

Roux, Jacobus P., 2011, The fern genera Dryopteris and Nothoperanema (Dryopteridaceae) in Madagascar and neighbouring Indian Ocean islands, including Saint Paul, Adansonia (3) 33 (1), pp. 7-67 : 61-62

Nothoperanema squamiseta (Hook.) Ching

( Figs 30 ; 31 )

Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 11 (1): 25, 26 (Jan. 1966). — Nephrodium squamisetum Hook. , Species filicum 4 (14): 140 (Aug. 1862); 4 (15/16): pl. 268 (1863). — Aspidium squamisetum (Hook.) Kuhn, Filices africanae: 24, 142 (Oct. 1867).— Dryopteris squamiseta (Hook.) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 2: 813 (5 Nov. 1891). — Type: Fernando Po, Clarence Peak, alt. 4000 ft., G. Mann 380 (holo-, K000351166!, K000351167!).

Nephrodium buchananii Baker , Synopsis filicum , ed. 2: 498, 499 (Oct. 1874), as “ buchanani ”. — Lastrea buchananii (Baker) Bedd., Handbook to the Ferns of British India: 255 (1883). — Dryopteris buchananii (Baker) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 2: 812 (5 Nov. 1892). — Type: Natal, Buchanan 108 (lecto-, K000351168!, K000351169!, here designated); Bourbon, Boivin s.n. (syn-, K?).

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Tsaratanana, Perrier de la Bathie 16448 (P). — Montagnes au nord du Mangindrano, partage des eaux Mahavary- Androranga, Humbert 25043 (P). — Près de Tananarivo, Gilpin s.n. (K). — Ambanja Antsiranana, massif de Tsaratanana, montagne au nord de Mangindrano, Marotolana, Ampanopia, Ampitsinjovana, Rasolohery 424 (P00338498). — Ambalavao Fianarantsoa, Réserve Spéciale d’Ivohibe à 6,5 km à l’est-sud-est du village d’Ivohibe, près de la source de la rivière Andranomainty, Rakotondrainibe 4213 bis (P00134242), Rakotondrainibe 4263 (P00134295). — Région de Tsinjoarivo, forêt de Mahatsinjo, à 10 km au SE de Tsinjoarivo , Rakotondrainibe 4588 (P00134734).

Réunion. Le Maïdo, forêt de Maïdo, route forestière des Tamarins, au croisement avec le ravin “Bras la Pompe”, Janssen 2714 (P00590820). — Île de la Réunion, De l’Isle 391 (P00411951). — Cirque de Salazie, sentier vers La Nouvelle, Badré 1061 (P00411950).

DESCRIPTION

Plants terrestrial. Rhizome erect to suberect, usually unbranched, up to 60 mm long and 8 mm in diameter, closely set with roots, stipe bases, and scales, the scales chartaceous, castaneous, adnate, narrowly triangular to subulate, up to 11 × 2 mm, the margins regularly set with short multicellular, uniseriate hairs and capitate glands, the glands also occur on the scale laminae, the scale apex terminates in a short uniseriate series of cells. Fronds up to 8 per plant, suberect to arching, up to 925 mm long; stipe firm, proximally castaneous, brown to stramineous higher up, adaxially sulcate, up to 460 mm long and 5 mm in diameter, closely set with patent scales, hairs, and glands, the scales chartaceous to thinly crustaceous, castaneous, adnate, narrowly triangular to subulate, up to 11 × 2 mm, entire, or those near the base often with short multicellular, uniseriate hairs and capitate glands, the glands often also occur on the scale laminae, the scale apex terminates in a short uniseriate series of cells, the hairs are of 2 kinds: 1) inconspicuous, pale, multicellular uniseriate appressed hairs and, 2) castaneous, multicellular uniseriate patent hairs, the cells collapsing in the ctenitoid fashion upon drying, the glands calcate; lamina proximally anadromous, catadromous towards the apex, to 3-pinnate, ovate, up to 460 × 390 mm, with up to 10 petiolated pinna pairs; rachis stramineous, adaxially sulcate, the sulcus open to that of the pinna-rachis, closely set with scales similar to, but smaller than those on the stipe; pinnae petiolate, the petiole up to 13 mm long, opposite to alternate, overlapping, the basal pinna pair strongly basiscopically developed, inaequilaterally narrowly ovate, lanceolate to oblong-acute towards the apex, up to 220 × 125 mm, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid to 2-pinnate, with up to 5 pairs of free pinnules; pinna-rachis stramineous, adaxially shallowly sulcate, moderately scaled, the scales patent, chartaceous, castaneous, adnate, subulate, up to 3 mm long; pinnules petiolate, the petiole up to 2 mm long, catadromous, alternate, spaced or overlapping, oblong-acute to oblong-attenuate, acroscopic pinnule on basal pinnae up to 44 × 17 mm, basiscopic pinnule on basal pinnae up to 82 × 24 mm, pinnatifid to 1-pinnate; segments herbaceous, trapeziform to inaequilaterally oblong-obtuse, often acroscopically auricled, basiscopically decurrent along the costa towards the pinnule apex, lobed to crenulate, up to 14 × 6 mm, adaxially with simple, proximally multistratose subulate hairs along the veins, up to 1.2 mm long, abaxially with proximally multistratose subulate hairs and clavate, pluricellular, uniseriate hairs, up to 0.85 mm long, and capitate glands up to 30 mm long along the veins.Venation anadromous, evident, pinnately branched, free vein branches end near the margin, fertile vein branches undifferentiated or variously shortened beyond the sorus. Sori circular, usually restricted to the pinnule and segment apices, medially to inframedially on unmodified vein branches, up to 1.5 mm in diameter; indusium firmly herbaceous, brown, persistent, reniform to subcircular, entire, up to 1.2 mm in diameter, adaxially with numerous capitate glands and rarely also with a few short hairs near the point of attachment; sporangium long-stalked, the stalk simple or with a long uniseriate trichome, 3-seriate below the capsule, the capsule globose, with 13(-15) indurated annulus cells, epistomium 4(-5)-celled, hypostomium 4(-5)- celled.Spores 64 per sporangium, brown, ellipsoidal, monolete, with prominent folds, tuberculate, (32-)35(-36) × (18-)20(-22) mm (Tryon & Lugardon 1990: 422, figs 158.4; 158.5).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT

The species is widespread in sub-Sahara Africa, with the exception of west tropical Africa, extending to Réunion and Madagascar. It is generally confined to moist evergreen forests ( Fig. 32 ).

EXCLUDED NAME

Dryopteris perrieriana C.Chr. = Lastreopsis perri-

Figures

FIG. 30. — Specimen of Nothoperanema squamiseta (Tagawa) Ching, Roux 3251 (NBG0221782-0).

FIG. 31.— Indumentum and indusium of Nothoperanema squamiseta (Tagawa) Ching:A-B’, stipe scales; C-D’, rachis scales; E-F’, pinnarachis scales; G, H, multistratose hairs from abaxial lamina surface; I, J, nothoperanemoid hairs; K, gland from adaxial lamina surface; L, L’, indusium. Kluge 2457 (NBG). Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; A-F, L, 0.5 mm; A’, A”, B’, D’, E’, F’, G-K, L’, 0.1 mm.

FIG. 32. — Distribution of Nothoperanema squamiseta (Tagawa) Ching in Madagascar and la Réunion.