Mansoa ventricosa A.H. Gentry

Francisco, Jessica Nayara Carvalho & Lohmann, Lúcia G., 2017, Reestablishment of Mansoa ventricosa (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) based on molecular and morphological data, Phytotaxa 327 (2), pp. 141-156 : 149-150

Mansoa ventricosa A.H. Gentry (1979 [1980]: 783). Pachyptera ventricosa (A.H. Gentry) L.G. Lohmann (2014:

456)

Type :— BRAZIL. Pará : Along the Belém-Brasilia highway, km 345, 9 August 1956, B. Maguire et al. 56083 (holotype, MO-2232816!; isotypes, COL-110166 not seen, MG-136673, NY-328882!, US-3189002 image!) .

Liana; branchlets cylindrical, striated, swollen at nodes, without lenticels, sparsely to moderately puberulous, with simple and glandular peltate trichomes, without onion smell, with “V” shaped interpetiolar glands fields, with a continuous interpetiolar ridge; pith solid, with four phloem wedges in cross-section; prophylls of the axillary buds persistent, subulate, paired, 3.94–4.85 × 1.98–2.07 mm, sparsely to densely puberulous, with simple and glandular peltate trichomes. Leaves 2–3-foliolated, with the terminal leaflet often replaced by a trifid tendril; petiole cylindrical, 0.8–3.2 cm, sparsely to densely puberulous, with simple and glandular peltate trichomes; petiolule cylindrical, 0.5–1.6 cm, sparsely to densely puberulous, with simple and glandular peltate trichomes; blade concolor, chartaceous, elliptic, apex caudate, sometimes mucronulate, base cuneate, obtuse or rounded, margin entire, flat or sub-revolute; lateral leaflets with 8.0–14.5 × 3.0– 7.9 cm, abaxial surface glabrous or very sparsely puberulous, with simple trichomes distributed only on veins, glandular peltate trichomes distributed throughout the surface, with patelliform glandular trichomes grouped at base, adaxial surface sparsely puberulous, with simple trichomes distributed on veins, and with peltate glandular trichomes distributed over the lamina; venation basal, actinodromous, secondary venation festoonedbrochidromous, tertiary venation random-reticulate. Inflorescence terminal, thyrse, congested, 6–9 cm long, densely puberulous, with simple and glandular peltate trichomes, many - flowered, ca. 15–34 flowers; pedicel with 1.0– 1.9 cm long, moderately to densely puberulous, with simple and glandular peltate trichomes; bracts caducous; bracteole triangular or rhombic 0.04–1.68 mm, densely puberulous, with simple and glandular peltate trichomes. Calyx green with apex light purple, cupular, minutely 5-denticulate, coriaceous, smooth, 0.4–0.6 × 0.4–0.6 cm, densely puberulous, with simple and glandular peltate trichomes externally, often with clustered patelliform glands near the margin, glabrous inside. Corolla cream or greenish at base, tube and lobes light purple, with yellowish mouth, campanulate, rounded, membranous, 4.2–5.1 cm long, 1.9–2.0 cm of diameter at the distal end (mouth), 0.4–0.5 cm diameter at the base, tube densely puberulous externally, with simple, dendritic, and glandular peltate trichomes, glabrous at base and internally, except from the point of staminode insertion, which is villose with stipitate glandular trichomes; lobes oblong, 1.3–1.5 × 0.7–1.2 cm, imbricate, densely puberulous outside, with simple and peltate glandular trichomes and patelliform glands arranged at the base of lobes, glabrous inside. Androecium didynamous; stamens glabrous, subexseted, longer 2.85–3.09 mm long, shorter 2.69–2.78 mm long; anthers yellow, glabrous, basifixed, connective thick, acute, round; thecae straight, 5.85–6.43 × 0.51–0.87 mm, with longitudinal slits; pollen tricolpate and coarse reticulate. Gynoecium 4.4–4.9 cm long, exserted, sparsely puberulous, with simple and glandular peltate trichomes; stigma ovate, 1.69 × 3.52 mm, with irregularly toothed margin, glabrescent, with simple trichomes; ovary greenish, linear-oblong, 4.74–4.78 × 1.29–1.62 mm, smooth, densely puberulous, with simple, glandular, peltate and patelliform trichomes; ovules arranged in two series per locule, placentation axillar; nectary disc well-developed, 2.70–3.14 × 3.34–4.78 mm, pubescent, with glandular peltate trichomes. Fruit unknown.

Phenology: —Flowers from August to October; fruiting season is unknown.

Pollination: —The corolla morphology is classified as a variant of the Martinella type ( Gentry 1974), and is likely associated with bat pollination ( Alcantara & Lohmann 2010, Machado & Vogel 2004). This species shares tricolpate coarse reticulate pollen grains with Martinella obovata ( Gentry & Tomb 1979) suggesting convergent evolution of pollen type. Such convergence has also been observed in other floral traits such as the purple colored flower, thick corolla texture, open mouth, and subexserted anthers.

Distribution and habitat: — Mansoa ventricosa is endemic to Northeastern Brazil (Maranhão, Pará), where it occurs in wet evergreen forests ( Figure 5 ). Prior to this work, this species was only known from the holotype collected in the Brazilian state of Pará, a paratype collected in the Brazilian state of Maranhão (G.T. Prance 58978; UB and NY), and one collection from 1980 (D.C. Daly 774; MG, MO, and NY). Two additional specimens were collected during our fieldwork in Pará, ( Brazil), expanding the distribution of this species to Santarém and Belterra.

Conservation status: —The species is only known from one locality of Maranhão and four localities from the state of Pará (i.e., Belterra, Itinga do Pará, Paragominas, and Santarém), and is categorized as Data Deficient (DD) according to IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2014). Further field studies are needed to evaluate its conservation status more accurately.

Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Maranhão: 15 Km S of Para-Maranhão border on Belém-Brasília highway, in forest, 31 August 1963, G.T. Prance 58978 (UB, NY). Pará: Belterra, Floresta Nacional do Tapajós. Beira da estrada para Jamaraquá, km 74, 194 m, 02°55’50.2”S, 55°00’44.6”W, 164 m, 16 September 2015, J.N.C. Francisco et al. 84 (SPF). Itinga do Pará, Fazenda Santa Rosa, W of Belém-Brasilia Hwy, 26 October 1980, D.C. Daly 774 (MG, MO). Santarém, Beira da PA- 370, 164 m, 02°46’10.1”S, 54°25’42.6”W, 164m, 19 September 2015, J.N.C. Francisco et al. 102 (SPF).

Taxonomic notes: — Mansoa ventricosa is easily recognized by a combination of cylindrical and striated branchlets with “V” shaped interpetiolar clusters of glands, subulate prophylls of the axillary buds, and leaflets with nectaries grouped at the base of the abaxial surface. Reproductive characters that can help in its identification are the thyrsoid inflorescences, calyx with patelliform glands clustered next to the margin, corolla campanulate, with tube light purple, densely puberulous outside, with patelliform glands at the upper portion of the apex tube, androecium subexserted with yellow anthers, and exserted gynoecium.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Distribution of Mansoa ventricosa in Northeastern Brazil (Pará).