Macronotops miksici Qiu, Xu & Chen, 2019

Qiu, Jian-Yue, Xu, Hao & Chen, Li, 2019, A revision of the rare flower beetle genus Macronotops Krikken (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from Asia with biological notes, Zootaxa 4556 (1), pp. 1-65 : 26-28

Macronotops miksici Qiu, Xu & Chen new species

( Figs. 8–9 , 31–32 , 55–56 , 84–85 , 115 , 127 , 151–154 , 211–212 , 250–257 , 258 , 266–268 , 303–304 )

Macronota sexmaculata (nec Kraatz): Arrow 1910: 47 (partim, specimens from Taung-ngu, Myanmar). Macronotops sexmaculata (nec Kraatz): Krikken 1977: 208 (partim, specimens from Toungoo, S. Myanmar), figs. 11-13 & 20

♂. Pleuronota sexmaculata (nec Kraatz): Mikšić 1971: 208 (Khasia Hills, Assam, NE. India), fig. 1 (parameres); Mikšić 1976:

169, fig. 22a (parameres); Ma 1993: 182, fig. 5 (parameres); Ma 1995: 38 (partim), fig. 29 (parameres).

Type material. Holotype: ♂ (SWU), Tongbiguan Nature Reserve , Xima, Yingjiang County, 1,380 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU // 3 nd instar in rotten wood 16.II.2016, adult emerged V.2016. Paratypes (26♂♂, 21♀♀): CHINA : 1♀ (Allotype, SWU) , 2♂♂, 10♀♀ ( QCCC), Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, Xima, Yingjiang County, Yunnan, 1,380 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 16.II.2016 , adult emerged V.2016; 1♂ ( QCCC), Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, Xima, Yingjiang County, Yunnan, 1,380 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 26.II.2015 , adult emerged V.2015; 19♂♂, 9♀♀ ( QCCC) , 1♂, 1♀ ( KSCJ), Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, Xima, Yingjiang County, Yunnan, 1,380 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 15.II.2018 , adult emerged VI.2018. MYANMAR: 1♂ ( KSCJ), VI –VIII.2004 , Chudu Razi [east of Kawnglanghpu], Mt. Range, E. Kachin ; 1♂ ( KSCJ), VI.2001 , near Putao , Kachin . INDIA: 1♂ ( MFNB), Khasia Hills // Pleuronota sexmaculata Krtz .

Holotype (male). General: Body length 16.0 mm; width 7.5 mm, widest at humeral umbone, gradually narrowed backward. Body reddish-brown to dark brown. Surface with fulvous, reddish-brown, brown, light yellow and black setae, and yellow tomentous maculae. Head: Brown. Dorsal surface with dense setiferous punctures; setae long, fulvous, longer on frons. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight and slightly raised; clypeolateral ridge not distinct. Frons with a slightly raised longitudinal ridge ( Fig. 8 ). Maxillary palpus and labial palpus brown. Antenna yellowish-brown; antennal club very long, about twice length of antennomeres 2–7 combined; inner side of antennomere 8 with short, dense, fulvous setae ( Fig. 8 ). Ventral surface clad with long, fulvous setae ( Fig. 152 ). Pronotum: Reddish-brown. Widest at base, basomedian area depressed. Lateral margin curved; posterior margin distinctly protruded. Surface densely clad with reddish-brown and black setae ( Fig. 1 51 ). Scutellum: Reddishbrown. Surface with sparse setiferous punctures; setae long, fulvous. Elytron: Reddish-brown; with posthumeral macula and lateral macula; median macula disappeared. Surface densely clad with setae; setae brown between sutural and discolateral costae; setae on maculae light yellow; setae brown to dark brown on basal and distal areas, around maculae, along inner side of discolateral costa, and near lateral margin; setae black on the rest of elytron; humeral umbone glabrous ( Fig. 151 ). Mesepimeron: Dark brown to black, with a small yellow macula, surface clad with light yellow setae. Metepisternum: Black, clad with black and light yellow setae. Metepimeron: Brown, clad with light yellow setae. Sternum: Preprosternum black, with sparse, light yellow setae. Mesosternum black, clad with sparse, light yellow setae. Mesometasternal process short, glabrous, brown, apex rounded; mesometasternal suture depressed, clad with long, yellow setae. Metasternum black, clad with long, sparse, light yellow, brown, and black setae; middle portion glabrous ( Fig. 152 ). Pygidium: Brown. Surface clad with dense, fulvous setae; a large, round, yellow macula in middle ( Fig. 84 ). Abdomen: Brown, midline reddish-brown. Longitudinal groove in median indistinct. Six abdominal sternites visible; setae on sternite II long, dense, light yellow; setae on sternites III–V short, sparse, light yellow, but longer and denser on sides; setae near posterior margin of sternite VI long, dense, orange; sternite VII with sparse, short, light yellow setae on sides. Sternites II–V with an indistinct yellow macula close to posterior margin on each side; surface densely clad with light yellow and black setae in dorsal and lateral portion ( Fig. 152 ). Legs: Slender, simple. Metacoxa black, clad with long, black setae. Femora and tibia reddish-brown to black, with long, orange and light yellow setae. Protibia with 3 sharp, large teeth; without tiny tooth ( Fig. 31 ); large tooth and outer margin forming a acute angle ( Fig. 31 ); mesotibia and metatibia with a spine near the middle of outer margin; metatibia with a row of brush-like, fulvous setae along inner margin ( Figs. 151–152 ); dorsal tooth of metatibia longer than basitarsus of metatarsus ( Fig. 55 ); outer tooth small, short. Tarsi reddish-brown; basitarsus of metatarsus with a cluster of dense, long setae ( Fig. 55 ). Genitalia: Parameres broad, short; apex rounded. Apical half of interparameral split widened; base with membrane, protruding medially. Median lobe filiform; nearly equal to the length of paramere ( Fig. 115 ).

Female. Body length 17.0–19.0 mm, width 8.0–9.0 mm. Except for sexual dimorphism characteristics of the genus, setae on mesotibia and metatibia sparser ( Figs. 153–154 ), and basitarsus of metatarsus with less setae ( Fig. 56 ).

Variability. Male paratypes length 16.0–18.0 mm, width 7.0–8.0 mm. The median macula, posthumeral macula of elytron, and the maculae on abdominal side are sometimes indistinct or absent ( Fig. 151 ). Some individuals have more black setae on the dorsal surface.

Differential diagnosis. Length of clypeus almost equal to width. Antenna yellowish-brown; antennal club very long ( Figs. 8–9 ). Pronotum clad with reddish-brown and black setae. Elytra reddish-brown; with posthumeral maculae, median maculae and lateral maculae ( Figs. 151, 153 ). Pygidium with a large yellow macula ( Figs. 84– 85 ). Yellow maculae on abdominal side indistinct or absent ( Figs. 152, 154 ); male abdomen with a longitudinal groove. Legs reddish-brown to brown; protibia without tiny tooth ( Figs. 31–32 ); basitarsus of male metatarsus with a cluster of dense, long setae ( Fig. 55 ); dorsal tooth of metatibia longer than basitarsus of metatarsus ( Fig. 55 ).

Macronotops miksici new species is highly similar to M. sexmaculatus , the differences are: angles between large teeth of protibia acute in M. miksici new species ( Figs. 31–32 ; in M. sexmaculatus right-angled or slightly arcuate, Figs. 37–38 ), inner margin of metatibia in distal portion straight in M. miksici new species ( Figs. 152, 154 ; in M. sexmaculatus convex, Figs. 166, 168 ), membrane between parameres present in M. miksici new species ( Fig. 115 ; in M. sexmaculatus absent, Fig. 118 ).

Etymology. This species is named after Cetoniinae specialist René Mikšić (1920–1986) to honor his great contributions to our knowledge of Asian flower beetles.

Distribution. China: Yunnan; India; Myanmar.

Natural history. Some standing and fallen rotten wood were found in woodland by a wide river valley in 2015 ( Fig. 266 ); the woodland was dark and humid at an elevation around 1,000 m, with a small stream flowing over part of the ground. Approximately 20 larvae were found in the tunnel in rotten wood which made by cockroaches and Passalidae ( Figs. 267–268 ). However, most of them were not survived in the pupal stage at room temperature in Chongqing, China. Twelve individuals were successfully raised from mature larvae which were collected from the same site in 2016; they were placed under 25°C in April and May. In the winter of 2017, a lot of fallen decayed wood was checked in a dry open forest opposite the previous site, but no Macronotops larvae were found. In the latest visit, 30 larvae were caught at the first site.

Remarks. All the Chinese specimens of M. miksici new species were obtained by rearing field collected larvae from the border with Myanmar, and a male collected from Assam in northeastern India was found in MFNB which was misidentified as M. sexmaculatus (see label in Fig. 257 , and the remarks section of M. sexmaculatus ). Arrow (1910) listed M. sexmaculatus from Taung-ngu, Myanmar; an illustrated male specimen from the same place (Taungoo) was also considered to be M. sexmaculatus , but the diagnostic characters are indiscernible ( Figure 20 in Krikken 1977). These voucher specimens are unavailable for this study, and we highly suspect that these specimens are M. miksici new species. Only a single male from Putao in northern Myanmar was examined. Nevertheless, it seems that the new species is widely distributed in Myanmar ( Fig. 258 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1–23. Head of Macronotops (male in left, female in right). 1, M. biserratus new species; 2–3, M. dianensis new species; 4–5, M. fulvoguttatus; 6–7, M. fulvopilosus; 8–9, M. miksici new species; 10–11, M. nigropubescens; 12–13, M. olivaceofuscus; 14–15, M. sexmaculatus; 16–17, M. vuilleti; 18–19, M. curvimarginatus; 20–21, M. medogensis new species; 22–23, M. ovaliceps. Arrows emphasize the length of antenna club.

FIGURES 24–47. Protibia of Macronotops (male and female). 24, M. biserratus new species; 25–26, M. dianensis new species; 27–28, M. fulvoguttatus; 29–30, M. fulvopilosus; 31–32, M. miksici new species; 33–34, M. nigropubescens; 35–36, M. olivaceofuscus; 37–38, M. sexmaculatus; 39–40, M. vuilleti; 41, Macronotops sp.; 42–43, M. curvimarginatus; 44–45, M. medogensis new species; 46–47, M. ovaliceps. Arrows indicate the angle between large teeth and the outer margin of protibia.

FIGURES 48–65. Metatibia and basitarsus of metatarsus of the Macronotops sexmaculatus species group (male in left, female in right). 48, M. biserratus new species; 49–50, M. dianensis new species; 51–52, M. fulvoguttatus; 53–54, M. fulvopilosus; 55–56, M. miksici new species; 57–58, M. nigropubescens;59–60, M. olivaceofuscus; 61–62, M. sexmaculatus; 63–64, M. vuilleti; 65, Macronotops sp. Red arrows indicate the difference in the dorsal and outer tooth of the metatibia in females; yellow arrows indicate the difference in the dorsal and outer tooth of the metatibia in males; blue arrows indicate the density of setae on the basitarsus of the metatarsus.

FIGURES 72–98. Pygidium of the Macronotops sexmaculatus species group (size of macula and color of setae). 72–73, M. biserratus new species; 74–75, M. dianensis new species; 76–79, M. fulvoguttatus; 80–83, M. fulvopilosus; 84–85, M. miksici new species; 86–89, M. nigropubescens; 90–91, M. olivaceofuscus; 92–93, M. sexmaculatus; 94–97, M. vuilleti; 98, Macronotops sp.

FIGURES 111–122. Male genitalia of Macronotops (apical view). 111, M. biserratus new species; 112, M. dianensis new species; 113, M. fulvoguttatus; 114, M. fulvopilosus; 115, M. miksici new species; 116, M. nigropubescens; 117, M. olivaceofuscus; 118, M. sexmaculatus; 119, M. vuilleti. 120, M. curvimarginatus; 121, M. medogensis new species; 122, M. ovaliceps. Arrows indicate the membrane between the parameres.

FIGURES 122–134. Male genitalia of Macronotops (lateral view). 123, M. biserratus new species; 124, M. dianensis new species; 125, M. fulvoguttatus; 126, M. fulvopilosus; 127, M. miksici new species; 128, M. nigropubescens; 129, M. olivaceofuscus; 130, M. sexmaculatus; 131, M. vuilleti; 132, M. curvimarginatus; 133, M. medogensis new species; 134, M. ovaliceps.

FIGURES 151–154. Habitus of Macronotops miksici new species (dorsal and ventral view). 151–152, male holotype; 153– 154, female paratype. Arrow indicates inner margin of metatibia in distal portion.

FIGURES 203–214. Habitus of Macronotops (male in left, female in right; oblique view). 203, M. biserratus new species; 204, Macronotops sp.; 205–206, M. dianensis new species; 207–208, M. fulvoguttatus. 209–210, M. fulvopilosus; 211–212, M. miksici new species; 213–214, M. nigropubescens.

FIGURES 243–257. Type specimens and labels of Macronotops. 243–246, M. ovaliceps, male holotype; 247, M. curvimarginatus (modified from Ma 1993); 248, Pleuronota subsexmaculata (modified from Ma 1992a); 249, P. hefengensis (modified from Ma 1992a); 250, M. miksici (modified from Mikšić 1971); 251–257, M. miksici, male paratype (Assam, NE India).

FIGURES 258–260. Known distribution of Macronotops. 258, Distribution for the whole genus; 259, map of SE Xizang, China; 260, map of W Sichuan, China. Syncretic markers indicate identical or very close localities; type localities of the known species are underlined, that of M. olivaceofuscus is missing because the precise type locality is unknown.

FIGURES 261–268. Habitat of Macronotops. 261–262, habitat of M. dianensis new species in Mount Daweishan (Yunnan, China), and larva in rotten wood; 263–265, habitat of M. fulvopilosus in Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve (Sichuan, China), and larvae in galleries of Passalidae; 266–268, habitat of M. miksici new species in Tongbiguan (Yunnan, China), and larva in galleries of Passalidae.

FIGURES 295–309. Living adults and pupae of the Macronotops sexmaculatus species group in artificial conditions. 295–297, adult of M. dianensis new species feeding on banana and newly emerged adults in pupal cells; 298–300, adult of M. fulvopilosus feeding on banana and newly emerged adults in pupal cells; 301–302, pupa of M. fulvoguttatus and newly emerged adult in pupal cell; 303–304, newly emerged adults of M. miksici new species in pupal cells; 305–308, pupae of M. olivaceofuscus and newly emerged adults in pupal cells; 309, newly emerged adults of M. vuilleti in pupal cells.

FIGURES 165–168. Habitus of Macronotops sexmaculatus (dorsal and ventral view). 165–166, male (Mêdog, SE Xizang, China); 167–168, female (Mêdog, SE Xizang, China). Arrow indicates inner margin of metatibia in distal portion.