Lyroda triloba Say, 1837

Khvir, Viktor I. & Pulawski, Wojciech J., 2020, A Revision of New World Lyroda Say, 1837 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 66 (13), pp. 315-330 : 326-330

Lyroda triloba Say

Lyroda triloba Say, 1837:372 , sex not indicated. Holotype or syntypes: North America: no specific locality (lost). Neotype: ♀, Arkansas: Hampstead County: no specific locality ( CAS), present designation. – Le Conte, 1859:755 (original description copied); Patton, 1880:387 (in checklist of North American Larrinae); Provancher, 1882:49 and 1883:631 (original description translated into French); Kohl, 1885:267 (in checklist of world Lyroda ); Cresson, 1887:277 (in catalog of North American Hymenoptera ); Ashmead, 1890:33 (in checklist of Hymenoptera of Colorado); W. Fox, 1894:534 (in revision of North American Larrinae); Dalla Torre, 1897:696 (in catalog of world Hymenoptera ); Ashmead, 1899:250 (in checklist of North American Crabronidae ); Bridwell, 1899:209 (Kansas: no specific locality); J. Smith, 1900:518 (in list of insects of New Jersey); H. Smith, 1908:374 (in revision of Nebraskan Sphecidae ); J. Smith, 1910:684 (in new list of insects of New Jersey: Camden County); F. Williams, 1914:174 (in revision of Larrinae of Kansas); Rohwer, 1916:683 (in catalog of Hymenoptera of Connecticut); Mickel, 1918:408 (in catalog of Nebraskan Sphecidae ); Rohwer in Viereck, 1925:683 (in key to Sphecidae of Connecticut; Branford); Iwata, 1933:7 (in list of world Lyroda ); Krombein in Muesebeck, Krombein and Townes, 1951:941 (in catalog of North American Hymenoptera ); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:299 (in checklist of world Sphecidae ); Krombein, 1979:1633 (in catalog of North American Hymenoptera ). – As Tachytes trilobus : F. Smith, 1856:307 (new combination, in catalog of Hymenoptera in British Museum). – As Lyrops triloba : Cresson, 1862:238 (new combination, in catalog of North American Hymenoptera ). – As Larrada triloba : Cresson, 1873:213 (new combination, Texas).

Lyrops caliptera Say, 1837:373 . Nomen nudum or lapsus for Lyroda triloba . – Patton, 1880:387 (in checklist of North American Larrinae); Kohl, 1885:267 (in checklist of world Lyroda ).

RECOGNITION. Lyroda triloba differs from its New World congeners in having the propodeal side with well-defined ridges ( Fig. 19 ), the wing membrane dark, particularly in the female, and the large size (length of female 15.2–16.2 mm). In the other species, the propodeal side is either not ridged (most specimens) or (some L. subita ) has inconspicuous ridges, the wings are light colored (except dark in Floridian populations of L. subita ) and the female length does not exceed 13 mm. Unlike L. subita , the male of L. triloba has no median projection on the clypeal free margin (Fig. 18).

DESCRIPTION. Propodeal side with well-defined ridges ( Fig. 19 ), without spiracular groove. Tergum I in vast majority of specimens with several smaller ridges in addition to pair of main basomedian carinae. Body deep black. Wing membrane uniformly dark, particularly in female.

♀: Free margin of clypeus with three pairs of inconspicuous (almost invisible) teeth on each side of lamella ( Fig. 17 ). Clypeal setae dark. Pubescence of gastral terga all black. Length 15.2– 16.2 mm.

♂: Clypeal free margin inconspicuously, roundly arcuate mesally (Fig. 18). Clypeal setae silvery. Length 9.6–13.8 mm.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION (Fig. 20). Eastern North America, extending west beyond the 100th meridian only in South Dakota.

RECORDS. USA: Arkansas: Conway (1 ♀, CAS, 1 ♀, USNM), Hempstead (1 ♀, CAS, 2 ♀, USNM) . Georgia: Hiawassee (1 ♀, CNC) , Putnam Co. (5 ♀, USNM) . Kansas: no specific locality (1 ♂, CAS) . Louisiana: Tallulah (1 ♂, CAS) . Maryland: Beltsville (2 ♀, USNM) , Hudson (3 ♀, FSCA) . North Carolina: Stafford (1 ♂, CAS) , Washington Co. (1 ♀, FSCA) . South Dakota: Butte Co. (1 ♂, USNM) . Texas: McKinney (1 ♀, USNM) , no specific locality (1 ♀, USNM) . Virginia: Chance (1 ♀, USNM) , Norfolk (1 ♀, USNM) .

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We sincerely thank the persons who provided the specimens for this study, particularly Gavin Broad (London, United Kingdom) and Karla Schneider (Halle, Germany) who sent the type specimens under their care. We are most grateful to Robert L. Zuparko (California Academy of Sciences) who carefully reviewed the manuscript and made a number of improvements, and for comments by Arnold S. Menke and Michael Ohl, who kindly served as external reviewers.

LITERATURE CITED

ADLERZ, G. 1904. (1903). Lefnadsförhållanden och instinkter inom familjerna Pompilidae och Sphegidae. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 37 (5): 1–181.

AHLSTROM, K. 1995. Insects of North Carolina. Fourth supplement. Part 1: Hymenoptera. North Carolina Department of Agriculture. Plant Industry Division. Raleigh, North Carolina. 147 pp.

ALAYO DALMAU, A. 1973. Catálogo de los Himenópteros de Cuba. Instituto Cubano del Libro, La Habana. [1–10], 218 pp.

––. 1976. Introducción al estudio de los Himenópteros de Cuba. Superfamilia Sphecoidea. Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Instituto de Zoologia, Serie Biologica No. 67: 1–46.

AMARANTE, S. 2002. Synonymic catalog of the Neotropical Crabronidae and Sphecidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Arquivos de Zoologia 37:1–139. 2005a. Addendum and corrections to a synonymic catalog of Neotropical Crabronidae and Sphecidae. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 45: 1–18.

––. 2005. Addendum and corrections to A synonymic catalog of Neotropical Crabronidae and Sphecidae. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 45: 1–18.

ASHMEAD, W.H. 1890. On the Hymenoptera of Colorado; descriptions of new species, notes, and a list of the species found in the state. Bulletin of the Colorado Biological Association 1: 1–47.

––. 1899. Classification of the entomophilous wasps, or the superfamily Sphegoidea. The Canadian Entomologist 31: 145 –155, 161–174, 212–225, 238–251, 291–300, 322– 330, 345–357.

BOHART, G.E., W.P. NYE, AND L.R. HAWTHORN. 1970. Onion pollination as affected by different levels of pollinator activity. Bulletin Utah Agricultural Experimental Station. Utah State University No. 482: 1–57.

BOHART, R.M., AND A.S. MENKE. 1976. Sphecid wasps of the world: a generic revision. University of California Press. 695 PP.

BRADLEY, J.Ch. 1928. The synonymy and types of certain genera of Hymenoptera, especially of those discussed by the Rev. F.D. Morice and Mr. Jno. Hartley Durrant in connection with the long forgotten “Erlangen List” of Panzer and Jurine. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1919: 50–75.

BRIDWELL, J.C. 1899. A list of Kansas Hymenoptera. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 16: 203–211.

BRIMLEY, C.S. 1938. The insects of North Carolina being a list of the insects of North Carolina and their close relatives. Raleigh, N.C. 560 pp.

BUCK, M. 2004. An annotated checklist of the spheciform wasps of Ontario (Hymenoptera: Ampulicidae, Sphecidae and Crabronidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of O ntario 134: 19–84.

COOPER, K.W. 1953. The wasps of Penikese Island, Buzzard Bay, Massachusetts (Hymenoptera). Entomological News 64: 29–36.

CRESSON, E.T. 1862 –1863. A catalogue of the described species of several families of Hymenoptera inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 1: 202–211 (11 Aug. 1862), 227–238 (13 Oct. 1862), 316–344 (7 Apr. 1863).

––. 1873. Hymenoptera Texana. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 4: 153–292.

––. 1887. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species and bibliography. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Supplementary volume, i-vi + 350 + [1] pp.

DALLA TORRe, K.W. 1897. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus, Volumen VIII: Fossores (Sphegidae). Guilelmi. Engelmann, Lipsiae [= Leipzig]. 749 pp.

DAVIS, L. V. 1978. Class Insecta, Pages 186–220 in R.G. Zingmark, ed., An annotated checklist of the biota of the coastal zone of South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, South Carolina.

EVANS, H.E. 1964. Further studies on the larvae of digger wasps (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 90:235 – 299, pp. 8–19.

––. 1975. Digger wasps as colonizers of new habitats (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 82: 259–267.

FINNAMORE, A.T. 1982. The Sphecoidea of southern Quebec (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory 11: i-x, 1–348.

FOX, W.J. 1892. Notes on the Larradae, by William H. Patton. Entomological News 3: 138.

––. 1894. Notes upon wasps. I. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 3: 45–47.

––. 1902. A note on the insect collection of Thomas Say. Entomological News 13: 11–12.

GAHAN A.B., AND S.A. ROHWER. 1917 –1918. Lectotypes of the species of Hymenoptera (except Apoidea) described by Abbé Provancher. The Canadian Entomologist 49:298–308 (1 Sept. 1917), 331–336 (1 Oct. 1917), 391–400 (1 Nov.1917), 427–433 (6 Dec. 1917); 50: 28–33 (16 Jan. 1918), 101–106 (15 March 1918), 133–137 (13Apr. 1918), 166–171 (10 May 1918), 196–201 (5 June 1918).

GENARO, J.A. 2006. Checklist and distribution patterns of apoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae and Crabronidae) of Cuba. Zootaxa 1171: 47–68.

GENARO, J.A., AND F. PORTUONDO. 2001. Dos especies nuevas de avispas para Cuba y La Española (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Solenodon 1: 45–48.

GILES, V., AND J.S. ASCHER. 2006. A survey of the bees of the Black Rock Forest Preserve, New York (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 15: 208–231.

GITTINS, A.R. 1960. New Astatinae and Larrinae wasp records from Idaho (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Journal of the Idaho Academy of Sciences 1: 133–136.

HARRINGTON, W.H. 1902. Fauna Ottawaensis. Hymenoptera – Superfamily II.–Sphegoidea. The Ottawa Naturalist 15: 215–224.

HENDRICKSON, G.O. 1930. Studies on the insect fauna of Iowa prairies. Journal of Science. Iowa State College 4: 49–179.

IWATA, K. 1933. A new species of Lyroda from Japan (Hymenoptera, Larridae). Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 14: 7–11.

KOHL, F.F. 1885. Die Gattungen und Arten der Larriden Autorum [sic]. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 34: 171–268, pls. VIII-IX, 327–454, pls. XI–XII.

KROMBEIN, K. V. 1936. Biological notes on some solitary wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Entomological News 47: 93–99.

––. 1950. An annotated list of wasps from Nags Head and the Kill Devil Hills ( Hymenoptera Aculeata ). Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 65:262–272.

––. 1951. Wasp visitors of tulip-tree honeydew at Dunn Loring, Virginia ( Hymenoptera Aculeata ). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 44:141–143.

––. 1951. Superfamily Sphecoidea , pp. 937–1034 in C.F.W. Muesebeck, K.V. Krombein, and H.K. Townes (editors). Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico (Synoptic Catalog). United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Monograph No. 2, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1 map, 1420 pp.

––. 1952. Preliminary annotated list of the wasps of Westmoreland State Park, Virginia, with notes on the genus Thaumatodryinus ( Hymenoptera : Aculeata). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 78:89–100.

––. 1953. Biological and taxonomic observations on the wasps in a coastal area of North Carolina ( Hymenoptera : Aculeata). The Wasmann Journal of Biology 10:257–341.

––. 1963. Natural history of Plummers Island, Maryland. XVII. Annotated list of the wasps ( Hymenoptera : Bethyloidea, Scolioidea, Vespoidea, Pompiloidea, Sphecoidea ). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 76:255–280.

––. 1979. Superfamily Sphecoidea , pp. 1573–1740 in K.V. Krombein, P.D. Hurd, Jr., D.R. Smith, and B.D. Burks. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico; Volume 1, Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica): i–xvi, 1–1198 pp.; Volume 2, Apocrita (Aculeata): i–xvi, 1199–2209 pp.; Volume 3, Indexes: i-xxx, 2211–2735 pp. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

KURCZEWSKI, F.E. 1991. Burrow construction from the ground surface in Lyroda subita ( Hymenoptera : Sphecidae ). The Great Lakes Entomologist 24:203–206.

––. 1998. Comparison of sand nesting wasps ( Hymenoptera ) from two pine barrens in upstate New York. Entomological News 109:247–251.

KURCZEWSKI, F.E, AND R.E. ACCIAVATTI. 1990. Late summer-fall solitary wasp fauna of central New York ( Hymenoptera : Tiphiidae , Pompilidae , Sphecidae ). The Great Lakes Entomologist 23:57–64.

KURCZEWSKI, F.E., AND E.J. KURCZEWSKI. 1963. An annotated list of digger wasps from Presque Isle State Park, Pennsylvania ( Hymenoptera : Aculeata). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 65:141–149.

––. 1971. Host records for some species of Nyssoninae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 44:334–337.

KURCZEWSKI, F.E., AND D.J. PECKHAM. 1982. Nesting behavior of Lyroda subita (Say) ( Hymenoptera : Sphecidae ). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 84:149–156.

KURCZEWSKI, F.E., AND M.G. SPOFFORd. 1985. A new host family for Lyroda subita ( Hymenoptera : Sphecidae ). The Great Lakes Entomologist 18:113–114.

LE CONTE, J.L. 1859. The complete writings of Thomas Say on the entomology of North America edited by John L. Le Conte, M.D. with a memoir of the author, by George Ord. Bailliere Brothers, New York. Vol. 2, iv + 814 pp.

MAWDSLEY, J.R. 1993. The entomological collection of Thomas Say. Psyche 100:163–171.

MICKEL, C.E. 1918. A synopsis of the Sphecoidea of Nebraska ( Hymenoptera ). University Studies Published by the University of Nebraska 17:342–456.

NASCIMENTO, P.T.R., AND W.L. OVERAL. 1980. Catalogo de coleção entomológica do Museu Goeldi. Hymenoptera : Sphecidae . Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. Nova Série. Zoologia 99:1–14.

PATTON, W.H. 1880. List of North American Larridae . Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 20:385–397.

––. 1892. Notes upon Larradae [sic]. Entomological News 3:89–90.

––. 1893. The preservation of the larval food by digger wasps. Entomological News 4:202–203.

PECKHAM, G.W., AND E.G. PECKHAM. 1898. On the instincts and habits of the solitary wasps. Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Bulletin No. 2, Scientific Series 1: I–IV, 1–245, 1 pl.

––. 1905. Wasps, social and solitary. The University Press, Cambridge. i–xv, 311 pp.

PEREZ-GELABERT, D.E. 2008. Arthropods of Hispaniola ( Dominican Republic and Haiti): a checklist and bibliography. Zootaxa 1831:1–530.

PIEK, T., AND W. SPANJER. 1986. Chapter 5. Chemistry and pharmacology of solitary wasp venoms, pp. 161–307 in T. Piek (editor). Venoms of the Hymenoptera . Biochemical, pharmacological and behavioural aspects. Academic Press, London. 570 pp.

PORTUONDO FERRER, E., AND J.L. FERNÁNDEZ TRIANA. 2004. Biodiversidad del orden Hymenoptera en los macizos montañosos de Cuba oriental. Boletín de la Sociedad Entomólogica Aragonesa 35:121–136.

PROVANCHER, L. 1882. Faune canadienne. Hyménoptères. Additions et Corrections. Le Naturaliste Canadien 13 (1882): 289–31l, 321–336, 353–368; 14 (1883):3–20, 33–38.

––. 1883. Petite faune entomologique du Canada et particulièrement de la province du Quebec. Vol. II comprenant les Orthoptères, les Névroptères et les Hyménoptères. Typographie de C. Darveau, Quebec. VII + 831 pp .

RADOVIĆ, I.T. 1985. Morphology and adaptive value of the sting apparatus of digger wasps ( Hymenoptera : Sphecidae ). Acta Entomologica Jugoslavica 21:61–74.

RASMUSSEN, C., AND A. ASENJO. 2009. A checklist to the wasps of Peru ( Hymenoptera, Aculeata ). ZooKeys, 15:1–78.

ROHWER, S.A. 1916. Vespoid and Sphecoid Hymenoptera collected in Guatemala by W.P. Cockerell. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 47:513–523.

––. 1925. Sphecoidea , pp. 645–697 in H.L. Viereck. Guide to the insects of Connecticut prepared under the direction of W.E. Britton. Part III. The Hymenoptera , or wasp-like insects, of Connecticut. Bulletin. State of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural History Survey 22:1–824, pls. I–X.

SAY, T. 1837. Descriptions of new species of North American Hymenoptera , and observations on some already described. Boston Journal of Natural History 1:361–416.

SMITH, F. 1856. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part IV. Sphecidae , Larridae and Crabronidae . Taylor and Francis, London, U.K. pp. 207–497.

SMITH, H.S. 1908. The Sphegoidea of Nebraska. University Studies. The University of Nebraska 8:323–410, 1 pl.

SMITH, J.B. 1900. Insects of New Jersey. A list of the species occurring in New Jersey, with notes on those of economic importance. New Jersey State Board of Agriculture, 27th Annual Report (Supplement): 755 pp., 2 maps.

––. 1910. A report of the insects of New Jersey. Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum 1909:14–880.

SNOW, F.H. 1906. List of species of Hymenoptera collected in Arizona by the University of Kansas entomological expeditions of 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, and 1906. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 20, part 2:127–139.

SPOFFORD, M.G., AND F.E. KURCZEWSKI. 1990. Comparative larvipositional behaviours and cleptoparasitic frequencies of Nearctic species of Miltogrammini ( Diptera : Sarcophagidae ). Journal of Natural History 24:731–755.

––. 1992. Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae ( Hymenoptera ) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition ( Diptera : Sarcophagidae ). Journal of Natural History 26:993–1012.

SPOFFORD, M.G., F.E. KURCZEWSKI, AND W.L. DOWNES, JR. 1989. Nearctic species of Miltogrammini ( Diptera : Sarcophagidae ) associated with species of Aculeata ( Hymenoptera : Vespoidea, Pompiloidea, Sphecoidea , Apoidea). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 62:254–267.

SPOFFORD, M.G., F.E. KURCZEWSKI, AND D.J. PECKHAM. 1989. Cleptoparasitism of Tachysphex terminatus ( Hymenoptera : Sphecidae ) by three species of Miltogrammini ( Diptera : Sarcophagidae ). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 79:350–358.

STEINER, A. L. 1986. Chapter 4. Stinging behaviour of solitary wasps, pp. 63–160 in T. Piek (editor). Venoms of the Hymenoptera . Biochemical, pharmacological and behavioural aspects. Academic Press, London, U.K. 570 pp.

SUGAR, A. A. FINNAMORE, H. GOULET, J. CUMMING, J.T. KERR, M. DE GIUSTI, AND L. PACKER. 1998. A preliminary survey of symphytan and aculeate Hymenoptera from oak savannahs in southern Ontario. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 129:9–18.

VIERECK, H.L. 1925. The wasp-like insects or Hymenoptera , exclusive of ants, collected by the Barbados-Antigua expedition from the University of Iowa in 1918. Studies in Natural History. University of Iowa 11:7–11.

WILLIAMS, F. X. 1914. The Larridae of Kansas. The Kansas University Science Bulletin 18:121–213, pls. XXII–XXX.

Figures

FIGURE 19. Lyroda triloba: propodeal side of female. FIGURE 20. Collecting localities of Lyroda triloba.

FIGURE 17. Lyroda triloba: female clypeus and mandibles FIGURE 18. Lyroda triloba: male clypeus and mandible.