Luxiaria emphatica Prout, 1925

Jiang, Nan, Xue, Dayong & Han, Hongxiang, 2014, A review of Luxiaria Walker and its allied genus Calletaera Warren (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, Zootaxa 3856 (1), pp. 73-99 : 78-79

Luxiaria emphatica Prout, 1925

Figs 14–20 , 51–53 , 68–70 , 88 , 102

Luxiaria emphatica Prout, 1925 , Novit. zool., 32: 63. Holotype ♂, India: Assam, Khasis [Khasi Hills], Cherrapunji (BMNH). Luxiaria versiformis Prout, 1925 , Novit. zool., 32: 63. Holotype ♂, Peninsular Malaysia: Gunong Ijau (BMNH).

Luxiaria costinota Inoue, 1978 , Bull. Fac. domest. Sci. Otsuma Wom. Univ., 14: 232, figs 66–68. Holotype ♂, Taiwan: Nantou, Wushe (BMNH). Syn. nov.

Diagnosis. This species is externally similar to L. tephrosaria as follows: the hind wing of the female is weakly crenulate; the wing colour is much paler than that of L. amasa and L. acutaria ; the antemedial line, medial line and postmedial line respectively form a distinct black patch on the costa; the dot of the forewing postmedial line near the anal margin is dark and enlarged. However, L. emphatica can be distinguished by the following characters: the greyish brown bands outside the postmedial lines on both wings are thicker than those of L. tephrosaria ; a greyish brown dot is present between M veins outside the postmedial line of the hind wing in L. tephrosaria , which is absent in L. emphatica . The male genitalia of L. emphatica are also similar to those of L. tephrosaria as follows: the uncus is shallowly concave, apically and has a short finger-shaped process dorsally; the dorsal arm of the valva does not have a process as in L. amasa and L. acutaria . L. emphatica differs from L. tephrosaria as follows: the angled parts of the ventral arms of the valvae are asymmetric (the right angled part is broader than the left one and has tiny spines ventrally), while in L. tephrosaria , they are almost symmetrical, slightly protruding dorsally and straight ventrally; the aedeagus has a long spine-like process at terminal one-third in L. tephrosaria , which is absent in L. emphatica ; the cornutus is much shorter than that of L. tephrosaria . The female genitalia are different from other species by the following characters: the lamella postvaginalis is trapeziform and shallowly concave apically; the lamella antevaginalis is much larger than the lamella postvaginalis, square and shallowly concave posteriorly; the ductus bursae is very short, about one-third of the length of the corpus bursae.

Material examined. INDIA ( BMNH): 1 ♂ (holotype), Khasis, Cherrapunji, May 1893, Rothschild bequest BM1939-1, slide no. 11217. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA ( BMNH): 1 ♂ (Syntype of L. versiformis ), Gunong Ijau, Rothschild bequest BM1939-1, slide no. 11218. CHINA: Taiwan ( BMNH): 1 ♂ (holotype of L. costinota ), Wushe, Spring 1963, Inoue coll. BM.1992-71; 1 ♂, Hoshun, Rothschild bequest BM1939-1, slide no. 10158. Jiangxi ( IZCAS): 1 ♂, Dayu, 18.VII.1975, coll. Song Shimei. Guangdong ( IZCAS): 1♀, Shixing, Chebaling, 365–401 m, 22–26.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang. Hainan ( IZCAS): 8 ♂ 2♀, Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 730–900 m, 8–12.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang & Lang Songyun; 1 ♂, Wuzhishan, 708–727 m, 6.XII.2007, 8–11.IV.2010, coll. Li Jing and Jiang Nan; 6 ♂ 2♀, Yinggeling, 950–1100 m, 27.VIII–12.IX.2005, coll. Liu Chunxiang; 9 ♂ 5♀, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 920–946 m, 2.V.2007, 11–12.XII.2007, 29–31.III.2008, coll. Han Hongxiang et al.; 4 ♂ 5♀, Nankai, Nanmaola, 1261 m, 12–14.V.2009, coll. Yan Keji; 4 ♂ 2♀, Baisha, Hongkan Shuiku, 553 m, 3–5.V.2009, coll. Yan Keji & Chen Fuqiang; 12 ♂ 8♀, Jianfengling, 707–934 m, 14–18.IV.1980, 4.XI.1981, 1–5.V.2007, 14–17.XII.2007, 24.III.2008, 23–26.XI.2008, 21–22.V.2009, coll. Han Hongxiang et al.; 3 ♂ 1♀, Bawangling, Dong’er Linchang, 1004–1015 m, 8–10.V.2007, 7.IV.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang & Lang Songyun. Guangxi ( IZCAS): 5 ♂, Napo, Defu, 1350 m, 18–19.VI.2000, coll. Yao Jian & Li Wenzhu; 1 ♂, Fangcheng, Fulong, 500 m, 25.V.1999, coll. Zhang Yanzhou; 1 ♂ 1♀, Shangsi, Hongqi Linchang, 300–350 m, 29.V.1999, coll. Li Wenzhu & Zhang Xuezhong. Yunnan ( IZCAS): 1♀, Xishuangbanna, Bubang, 700 m, 14.IX.1997, coll. Cheng Xinyue; 1 ♂, Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 1000 m, 3.IX.1957, coll. Wang Shuyong; 2 ♂, Ruili, Dengga, 980 m, 6–8.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 1 ♂ 1♀, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11–13.VIII.2007, coll. Lang Songyun; 2 ♂, Dongfeng Famuchang, 25.IV.1978; 1 ♂, Menghai Shuiku, 110 m, 15.VII.1982, coll. Li Wei. Tibet ( IZCAS): 2♀, Mêdog, 1091 m, 20–23.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun.

Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Sundaland.

Remarks. We examined the holotypes of L. emphatica and L. costinota , and found that the external and genital features of L. costinota are identical to those of L. emphatica . Therefore we sink L. costinota as a junior synonym of L. emphatica .

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 28. Adults. 1 – 5. Luxiaria mitorrhaphes. 1, male (with a black patch at the anal margin of forewing, Zhejiang); 2, ditto, underside; 3, male (without a black patch at the anal margin of forewing, Zhejiang); 4, female (Fujian); 5, ditto, underside; 6 – 9. L. acutaria. 6, male (Tibet); 7, ditto, underside; 8, female (Tibet); 9, ditto, underside; 10 – 13. L. amasa. 10, male (Tibet); 11, ditto, underside; 12, female (Yunnan); 13, ditto, underside; 14 – 20. L. emphatica. 14, male (holotype, India, BMNH); 15, male (syntype of Luxiaria versiformis, Peninsular Malaysia, BMNH); 16, male (holotype of Luxiaria costinota, Taiwan, BMNH); 17, male (Guangxi); 18, ditto, underside; 19, female (Hainan); 20, ditto, underside; 21 – 24. L. tephrosaria. 21, male (Yunnan); 22, ditto, underside; 23, female (Yunnan); 24, ditto, underside; 25 – 28. L. phyllosaria. 25, male (Guangxi); 26, ditto, underside; 27, female (Hainan); 28, ditto, underside. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURES 48 – 53. Male genitalia. 48, Luxiaria mitorrhaphes; 49, L. acutaria; 50, L. amasa; 51, L. emphatica (holotype, BMNH); 52, Luxiaria emphatica (holotype of Luxiaria costinota, BMNH); 53, L. emphatica. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 65 – 76. Aedeagus. 65, Luxiaria mitorrhaphes; 66, L. acutaria; 67, L. amasa; 68, L. emphatica (holotype, BMNH); 69, Luxiaria emphatica (holotype of Luxiaria costinota, BMNH); 70, L. emphatica; 71, L. tephrosaria; 72, L. phyllosaria; 73, Calletaera obliquata; 74, C. obvia sp. nov. (paratype); 75, C. acuticornuta sp. nov. (paratype); 76, C. rotundicornuta sp. nov. (paratype). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 77 – 98. Aedeagus and sternites of of male and female abdomen. 77 – 81. Aedeagus. 77, Calletaera consimilaria; 78, C. subexpressa; 79, C. postvittata (BMNH); 80, C. dentata sp. nov. (holotype); 81, C. trigonoprocessus sp. nov. (holotype). Scale bar = 1 mm. 82 – 84. Eighth sternite of male abdomen. 82, Luxiaria phyllosaria; 83, Calletaera obliquata; 84, C. subexpressa. 85 – 98. Seventh sternite of female abdomen. 85, Luxiaria mitorrhaphes; 86, L. acutaria; 87, L. amasa; 88, L. emphatica; 89, L. tephrosaria; 90, L. phyllosaria; 91, Calletaera obliquata; 92, C. obvia sp. nov. (paratype); 93, C. acuticornuta sp. nov. (paratype); 94, C. rotundicornuta sp. nov. (paratype); 95, C. consimilaria; 96, C. subexpressa; 97, C. dentata sp. nov. (paratype); 98, C. trigonoprocessus sp. nov. (paratype).

FIGURES 99 – 106. Female genitalia. 99, Luxiaria mitorrhaphes; 100, L. acutaria; 101, L. amasa; 102, L. emphatica; 103, L. tephrosaria; 104, L. phyllosaria; 105, Calletaera obliquata; 106, C. obvia sp. nov. (paratype). Scale bar = 1 mm.