Lavoisiera caryophyllea A. Saint-Hilaire ex Naudin (1844: 150)

Martins, Angela B. & Almeda, Frank, 2017, A Monograph of the Brazilian endemic genus Lavoisiera (Melastomataceae: Microlicieae), Phytotaxa 315 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

8. Lavoisiera caryophyllea A. Saint-Hilaire ex Naudin (1844: 150) . Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Serra do Frio ( Diamantina ), 1833, A.-C. Vauthier 20 (lectotype, here designated: P!; isolectotypes: F!, G!, photos of G isolectotype: F!, NY!).

Erect, sparingly branched subshrubs or wiry cespitose shrublets 15–40 cm tall, glabrous throughout, perennating from a woody lignotuber (xylopodium). Branches and branchlets subquadrangular to obscurely rounded, slightly furrowed longitudinally on opposite faces, defoliating with age at the base; internodes 2–7 mm long, leaf scars evident but thickenings not evident, nodes with a few vinaceous glandular trichomes. Leaves sessile, erect, flat adaxially on upper branchlets, more or less appressed to branchlets, congested at the ends of branchlets or sometimes branches leafy to the base; blade 10–25 × 3–5 mm, firm chartaceous to subcoriaceous, asymmetrically linear-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, base attenuate to cuneate, apex apiculate and terminating in a spiny trichome 0.5–1.5 mm long, margins entire, callose-thickened, flat or distally keeled, greenish-gray and somewhat glaucous or yellowish on young plants, 1-nerved, occasionally with a faint pair of inframarginal nerves. Flowers 5- merous, solitary or rarely in simple dichasia, at first terminal but soon pseudolateral, commonly overtopped by lateral branchlets, occasionally in dichasia, subsessile with a short pedicel ca. 1 mm long. Bracts subtending the flowers 2–4, blade 15–23 × 7–9 mm, subsessile, blade elliptic to lanceolate, longer and wider but otherwise similar to the principal leaves, persistent and subimbricate, 3-nerved. Hypanthium (at anthesis) 3–3.5 × 2.5 mm (4 mm wide distally), campanulate, inconspicuously rugulose, glabrous, green. Calyx tube ca. 0.3 mm long; calyx lobes (at anthesis) 2.5–3 × 1.5 mm, chartaceous, triangular, acute at the apex and tapering to a pungent trichome 0.5–0.7 mm long, otherwise glabrous on both surfaces, persistent to tardily caducous in post-anthesis, green, occasionally red-flushed, margins entire. Petals 17–25 × 9–15 mm, pink, with a U-shaped greenish-yellow or white patch at the base, oblong-obovate to elliptic, apex rounded to obtuse and apiculate, base attenuate, margin shortly glandular-ciliolate or eciliate. Stamens 10, dimorphic: large (antesepalous) stamens 5, filaments 7–8 mm long, yellow, anther thecae 2.5–3.5 × 0.6 mm, oblong, yellow turning brown with age or after pollination, rostrum 0.5 mm long, pedoconnective 5.5–6.5 mm long, appendage 1.5 mm long, emarginate to obscurely bilobed, yellow; small (antepetalous) stamens 5, filaments 6–7 mm long, yellow, anther thecae 2.5–3 × 0.5 mm, oblong, yellow, rostrum 0.5 mm long, pedoconnective ca. 1.5 mm long, appendage 0.6 mm long, rounded to shallowly bilobed, yellow. Ovary 5-locular, rarely 4-locular, 4/5 inferior, style 9 mm long, straight to somewhat sigmoid, glabrous, yellow basally and red distally, stigma punctiform. Fruiting hypanthium (including calyx lobes) 8–11 mm long, constricted above the ovary; capsule (at maturity) 6–7 × 4–5 mm, oblong, enveloped by the persistent hypanthium, dehiscing from the base to the apex, the vascular strands persisting long after capsule walls have fallen away. Seeds 0.87–0.90 × 0.50–0.56 mm, oblong to reniform varying to subcochleate, dark grayish-brown, periclinal cell walls of the testa concave (foveolate), the raphal zone about 30% the length of the seed. Chromosome number unknown.

Illustration:— Figure 27 .

Photographic images:— Figures 1I ; 6C, D .

Phenology:—Flowering all year; fruiting February through November.

64 • Phytotaxa 315 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press

MARTINS & ALMEDA LAVOISIERA ( MELASTOMATACEAE )

Phytotaxa 315 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 65 66 • Phytotaxa 315 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press

MARTINS & ALMEDA

Distribution and habitat:—Endemic to Minas Gerais from the Serra do Cipó north to the Diamantina plateau, in campo rupestre, sandy meadows adjacent to gallery forests, along streams, and in brejo at (850–) 1200–1400 m elev. Figure 28 .

Conservation status:—We have studied over 65 different collections of this species that were made over many decades. The EOO is 47 km ² and the AOO is 20 km ². Some of the populations are afforded protection in Parque Nacional Serra da Cipó. This species produces lignotubers that allow for regeneration after periodic fires but the severity and repetitiveness of fires under drought conditions are an ongoing concern. We recommend a classification of Endangered (EN): B2b(iii)c(iv).

Discussion:— Lavoisiera caryophyllea has distinctive vegetative and reproductive characters that readily separate it from its congeners. It is a sparingly branched somewhat wiry shrub with glabrous gray-green glaucous leaves that are narrow (3–5 mm), 1-nerved, and held erect and ± appressed to but not completely concealing the internodes when fresh. Its calyx and hypanthium are glabrous throughout, its flowers are 5-merous with pink petals that have a well-defined U-shaped greenish-yellow or whitish band at the base, and its ovary is prevailingly 5- locular (rarely 4-locular).

Lavoisiera caryophyllea is morphologically uniform throughout its range but see the discussion under L. confertiflora for an assessment of what we interpret to be natural interspecific hybridization between these two species on the Diamantina plateau.

Additional specimens examined:— MINAS GERAIS: Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, entre Kms 119–20 na estrada para Conceição do Mato Dentro, 19°10'S, 43°30'W, Almeda et al. 7769 (CAS!, MO!, NY!, UEC!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Km 126 na estrada para Conceição do Mato Dentro, 19°10'S, 43°30'W, Almeda et al. 7775 (CAS!, MO!, NY!, UEC!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Km 107 along the road from Lagoa Santa to Conceição do Mato Dentro, 19°17'S, 43°35'W, Almeda et al. 8546 (CAS!, UEC!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Km 107 along the road from Lagoa Santa to Conceição do Mato Dentro, 19°17'S, 43°35'W, Almeda et al. 8567 (CAS-2!, MO!, NY!, UEC!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, about 23 km from the bridge over the Rio Cipó on the road to Conceição do Mato Dentro, 19˚15’34.8”S, 43˚33’10.8”W, Almeda et al. 9172 (CAS!, MICH!, UEC!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, 12 km from the bridge over the Rio Cipó on the road from Serra do Cipó (formerly called Cardeal Mota) to Conceição do Mato Dentro, 19˚14’2.5”S, 43˚30’38”W, Almeda et al. 9196 (CAS!, UEC!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Anderson et al. 36176 (NY!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Anderson et al. 36223 (F!, MO!, NY!, S!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, 7 km NE de Cardeal Mota, camino a Conceição do Mato Dentro, 19°20'S, 43°35'W, Arbo et al. 4616 (SPF!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Km 121, Archer & Barreto 4902 (NY!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Archer 5035 ( US!); Mpio. Curvelo, Barros 156 (G!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Castellanos & Heringer 6197 (UB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Castellanos & Heringer 6304 (UB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Castellanos & Heringer 6305 (UB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó; Alto do Palácio, próximo do rio, Cavalcanti et al. CFSC 9882 (SPF!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Damazio 2019 (G!, RB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Damazio 2025 (G!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, vicinity of Alto do Palácio along road from Chapéu do Sol to Conceição do Mato Dentro, Daniel & Hensold 2289 (CAS!, NY!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Km 129, Duarte 2616 (RB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Km 118, Duarte 7817 (RB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, ca. Km 140, Duarte 9107 (BR!, M!, MBM!, NY!, RB!, US-2!); Mpio. Diamantina, Tombador, Glaziou 19265 (BR!, K!, R!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Hatschbach & Zelma 28772 (C!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Hatschbach 29988 (C!, MBM!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Heringer & Castellanos 22155 (R!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó; Fazenda Cachoeira da Capivara, Horta & Andrade 164 (BHCB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Km 120 (ca. 145 km N of Belo Horizonte), Irwin et al. 19994 (F!, MO!, NY!, RB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Joly 1043 (SPF!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Kms 138–139, ao longo da Rodovia Lagoa Santa-Conceição do Mato Dentro, A. M. Joly & Müller 3436 (UEC!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, 20 km N of Chapéu do Sol at Alto do Palácio, King & Bishop 8504 (UB!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Macedo 2965 (MO!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Maguire & Maguire 44812 (NY!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Kms 112–28 on road from Chapéu do Sol, Maguire et al. 49070 (NY!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Kms 120–140, road from Hotel Chapéu do Sol to Conceição, Maguire et al. 49104 (NY!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Kms 107–108, Martinelli & Távora 2659 (RB!); Mpio.

LAVOISIERA ( MELASTOMATACEAE )

Phytotaxa 315 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 67 Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 140, estrada para Conceição, Mello Barreto 1298 ( RB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 121, Mello Barreto 4902 ( F!, NY-2!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 120, Mello Barreto 8898 ( BHCB ex BHMH!, RB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Mello Filho, L. Emygdio et al. 2213 ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Kms 110–130, estrada da Conceição , Occhioni 4959 ( US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Pereira 8912 ( RB!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , próximo à sede do IBAMA do Alto do Palácio, Pirani et al. CFSC 11920 ( CAS!, SPF!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 115 (atual 110) da Rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro, Pirani et al. CFSC 12407 ( CAS!, NY!, SPF!) ; “in campis prope locum dictum Rancho do Mico da Serra in montibus vulgo Serra da Lapa ” ( Serra do Cipó ), Saint-Hilaire s.n. ( P!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 109 da Rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro, Sakuragui & V. C. Souza 26 ( ESA!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 109 (atual), Sakuragui & V. C. Souza 53 ( ESA!, SPF!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 135, Sampaio 6567 ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Sampaio 6583 ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , 5 km N of Chapéu do Sol, Segadas-Vianna 6019 (NY-2!, R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 132 ao longo da Rodovia Lagoa Santa-Conceição do Mato Dentro-Diamantina, Semir et al. 2350 ( UEC!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , 6 km N do Palácio, Smith et al. 6852 ( R!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Fazenda Cachoeira da Capivara, V. C. Souza et al. 11639 ( CAS!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Tamashiro 25639 ( MBM!, UEC!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , entre Posto Palácio e Morro do Pilar, Vidal II-5965(953) ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , entre Posto Palácio e Morro do Pilar, Vidal II-5968 ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , entre Posto Palácio e Morro do Pilar, Vidal II-5980(953) ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , entre Posto Palácio e Morro do Pilar, Vidal II-6000(953) ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , entre Posto Palácio e Morro do Pilar, Vidal II-6021(953) ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , entre Palácio e Morro do Pilar, Vidal II-6040 ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , entre as localidades Palácio ( Posto Palácio ) e Morro do Pilar, Vidal II-6051(953) ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , entre as localidade Palácio ( Posto Palácio ) e Morro do Pilar, Vidal II-6062(953) ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , entre as localidades São José do Almeida e Vacaria, Vidal II-6355(953) ( R!) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó, Vidal & Silveira s.n. ( R!) ; Mpio. Couto Magalhães , Chapada do Couto, Wanderley et al. CFCR 4648 ( MO!, SPF!) ; Santana de Pirapama , Serra do Cipó , Capela de São Jose, 18°56’54”S, 43°45’22”W, Zappi et al. 2745 ( CAS!, K) ; Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 132, Serra da Salitreira, Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, próximo à sede, Zappi et al. CFSC 10402 ( SPF!, UEC!) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Images of Lavoisiera species. A. L. adamantium (Almeda et al. 8504). B–C. L. alba (Almeda et al. 9624). D–E. L. arachnoidea (unvouchered image). F. L. belinelloi (Almeda et al. 8532). G. L. bradeana (Almeda et al. 9718). H. L. canastrensis (Almeda et al. 7878). I. L. caryophyllea (Almeda et al. 9172). J–K. L. chamaepitys (Almeda et al. 8500). L. L. confertiflora (Almeda et al. 9725). Image credits: A–C, F–L. Frank Almeda; D–E. Karina Fidanza.

FIGURE 6. SEM images of seeds for representative Lavoisiera species showing lateral symmetrical plane (left) and detail of testa cells and cell wall microrelief (right). A−B. L. alba (Hatschbach 27282). C−D. L. caryophyllea (Tamashiro 25639). E−F. L. chamaepitys (Markgraf et al. 3437). Scale bars: A=150 µm, B=38 µm; C=380 µm, D=38 µm; E=231 µm, F=10 µm.

FIGURE 27. Lavoisiera caryophyllea. A. Habit. B. Adaxial surface of leaf-like flower-subtending bract. C. Flower. D. Hypanthium and calyx lobes. E. Ovary cross-section. F. Petal with enlarged detail of lower margin (left). G.Ventral view of antesepalous stamen. H. Ventral view of antepetalous stamen. I. Seed. (Based on: A–I, Almeda et al. 8567, CAS, UEC.)

FIGURE 28. Distributions of Lavoisiera caryophyllea, L. chamaepitys, L. minima, L. senae, and L. vestita.