Senecio provincialis (Linnaeus) Druce (1914: 423)

Calvo, Joel, Álvarez, Inés & Aedo, Carlos, 2015, Systematics of Senecio section Crociseris (Compositae, Senecioneae), Phytotaxa 211 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

4. Senecio provincialis (Linnaeus) Druce (1914: 423) . Inula provincialis Linnaeus (1753: 884) . Senecio doronicum var. provincialis (Linnaeus) Breistroffer (1960: 79) , comb. inval. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 41.5). TYPE: France, Collendaneis Galloprovinciae, Herb. Burser VI: 127, sine collector (lectotype, designated by Calvo et al. (2011a: 602), UPS image!).

Senecio barrelieri Gouan (1773: 68) . Senecio doronicum var. barrelieri (Gouan) Duby (1828: 263) . Senecio gerardi var. corbariensis Timbal-Lagrave (1875: 474) , nom. illeg. superfl. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 52.1). Senecio provincialis var. corbariensis (Timbal-Lagrave) Kerguélen (1993 : XVI), nom. illeg. superfl. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 52.1). TYPE: France, Pyrénées-Orientales, Massif du Coronat, à Belloc, [42º36'N 2º21'E], 16 June 1898, (frère) Sennen s.n. (neotype, designated here, BC-872421!).

Lepicaune tomentosa Lapeyrouse (1813: 481) . Senecio doronicum var. tomentosus (Lapeyrouse) Duby (1828: 263) . Senecio tomentosus (Lapeyrouse) Dulac (1867: 507) , nom. illeg. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 53.1), non Michaux (1803: 119). Senecio doronicum subvar. tomentosus (Lapeyrouse) Rouy (1903: 327) . Senecio doronicum f. tomentosus (Lapeyrouse) Briquet & Cavillier (1916: 33) . TYPE: France, Pyrénées-Orientales, Conat, [42º36'N 2º21'E], P.P.Lapeyrouse s.n. (TLM?, not found).

Cineraria longifolia var. uniflora Lapeyrouse (1813: 521) . TYPE: France, Ariège, Rabat-les-Trois-Seigneurs, M. de Rabat, [42º51'N 1º32'E], P.P. Lapeyrouse s.n. (lectotype, designated here, TLM image!).

Senecio gerardi Godron (1850: 122) . Crociseris gerardi (Godron) Fourreau (1868: 404) . Senecio doronicum subsp. gerardi (Godron) Nyman (1879: 354) . Senecio doronicum [race] gerardi (Godron) Rouy (1903: 328) . Senecio doronicum f. subtomentosus Fiori (1903: 218) . TYPE: France, Var, montagne Sainte-Victoire, [43º31'N 5º36'E], J.L.M. Castagne s.n. (lectotype, designated by Calvo et al. (2011a: 602), NCY-13523 image!).

Senecio obovatus Arvet-Touvet (1872: 36) , nom. illeg. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 53.1), replaced name, non Muhlenberg ex Willdenow (1803: 1999). Senecio aronicum Arvet-Touvet (1873: 10) , replacement name. Senecio doronicum var. aronicum (Arvet-Touvet) Breistroffer , comb. inval., in sched. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 32.1) (GRM image!). TYPE: France, Hautes Alpes, Briançon, Cervières, [44º52'N 6º43'E], 1871, J.M.C. Arvet-Touvet s.n. (lectotype, designated here, GRM image!).

Senecio gerardi var. polycephalus Lamotte (1881: 398) . TYPE: France, Gard , Blandas près d'Alzon, [43º54’N 3º30’E], D. Tuczkiewicz s.n. (CLF?, not found).

Senecio corbariensis Timbal-Lagrave , nom. nud., in sched. ( McNeill et al. 2012, ICN Art. 38.1) (P-3777563 image!).

Perennial herb. Rhizome 1.1–3.9 cm long, 0.3–0.7 cm in diam., ± horizontal, with swelled fastigiate roots. Stem 12–61 cm, erect, leaved, corrugated, solid, not ramificated, sparsely arachnoid to covered with scattered arachnoid trichomes, sometimes floccose, base without remnants of old leaves or tufts of hairs. Basal leaves 2.7–16.3 cm long, 1.4–7.5 cm wide, persistent, ovate to lanceolate (ratio basal leaf width / basal leaf length = 0.30–0.85), obtuse, rarely acute, rounded to cuneate, with a petiole 1.8–14.5 cm long, irregularly dentate to subentire, often crenate (teeth 0.6–1.4 mm deep), glabrescent to covered with scattered arachnoid trichomes above, arachnoid to slightly lanate beneath, usually discolorous. Cauline leaves 2–9; middle cauline leaves 1.7–19.9 cm long, 0.2–5.3 cm wide, alternate, broadly lanceolate (ratio middle leaf width / middle leaf length = 0.07–0.49), acute, sessile or attenuated into a petiole up to 3 cm long, slightly dentate to entire (teeth 0.5–1.2 mm deep), glabrescent to covered with scattered arachnoid trichomes above, arachnoid to slightly lanate beneath, tertiary venation inconspicuous; upper cauline leaves 0.9–4.5 cm long, 0.1–0.9 cm wide, linear to narrowly lanceolate (ratio upper leaf width / upper leaf length = 0.06–0.27), acute, sessile, entire, ± arachnoid. Synflorescence reduced to a solitary capitulum or pseudocorymbose, 7–20 cm long, with scarce linear-oblong bracts. Capitula 1(–4), 26.5–54.2 mm in diam.; involucre 11.5–24 mm in diam., 11–16 mm long, cupuliform; involucral bracts (21–)28–34(–38), 9.7–16.5 mm

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long, 0.8–1.8 mm wide, with scarious margin 0.1–0.7 mm wide, lanceolate to oblong, long-attenuate, 0–2-keeled, apex usually with a black spot, with scattered arachnoid trichomes to glabrescent (trichomes 0.3–1.1 mm long); supplementary bracts (9–)16–24(–30), 6–12.6 mm long, 0.6–1.9 mm wide, broadly lanceolate to triangular, sometimes with scarious margin up to 0.4 mm, a quarter to three quarters as long as involucral bracts, with scattered arachnoid trichomes to arachnoid, rarely glabrescent (trichomes 0.3–1.2 mm long), ± imbricated. Ligulate florets 15–21, 14.5–25.8 mm long, yellow; tubular florets 5.9–8.7 mm long, 0.7–1.4 mm in diam., yellow. Achenes 4–4.6 mm long, 0.9–1 mm wide, subcylindrical (ratio achene width / achene length = 0.20–0.23), shorter than pappus (ratio achene length / pappus length = 0.58–0.61), with 13–14 ribs, glabrous or nearly so; pappus 6.6–9.2 mm long, whitish. Chromosome number: 2 n =40 ( Guinochet & Logeois 1962: 474); n =20 ( Küpfer 1969: 36-38, sub S. doronicum s.l., see comments below, Küpfer 1972: 1753, sub S. gerardi ). Figure 8A .

Iconography: — Gérard (1761: 196, fig. 7); Coste (1903: 308, n.º 1844, sub S. gerardi ); Bonnier (1922: fig. 286, n.º 1423-b, sub S. gerardi ).

Distribution and habitat: — France and Spain; chamephytic meadows, exposed rocky places, shrublands, and open woods of Pinus nigra Arnold (1785: 8) , Pinus halepensis Miller (1768 : n.º 8), Quercus faginea Lamarck (1785: 725) , rarely on subalpine meadows, usually accompanied by Buxus sempervirens Linnaeus (1753: 983) , Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Linnaeus) Sprengel (1825: 287) , Serratula nudicaulis (Linnaeus) Candolle in Candolle & Lamarck (1805b: 86), Valeriana tuberosa Linnaeus (1753: 33) , on calcareous soils; elevations of 175–1800 m ( Figure 9 ).

Phenology: —Flowering from April to June.

Etymology: —The epithet provincialis refers to the Provence, a region of southeastern France.

Discussion: —This species is recognizable by its supplementary bracts widened at the base, usually slightly scarious on the margin and ± imbricated, and by its basal leaves. These are ovate to lanceolate with the base of the lamina rounded to cuneate, glabrescent to covered with scattered arachnoid trichomes above, arachnoid to slightly lanate beneath, ± discolorous. It is particularly variable in number of capitula, which may be solitary or up to 4, and regarding the shape and indumentum of basal leaves.

Senecio provincialis is similar to S. doronicum and S. lagascanus , with which it partially overlaps its area of

SYSTEMATICS OF SENECIO SECTION CROCISERIS

Phytotaxa 211 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 27 distribution. Characters to differentiate those species are given in both S. doronicum and S. lagascanus comments. The variability observed in capitula number among populations cannot hold the infraspecific entities because of the lack of geographic delimitation of these populations.

Plants resulting from a potential hybridization event between S. provincialis and S. lagascanus were found in a population from La Segarra (Catalonia, Spain; Calvo & Pedrol 3622, MA). This population is composed of few specimens that display various combinations of diagnostic features of both species. For more details see Calvo et al. (2013).

Since the proposal to conserve the name S. gerardi against Inula provincialis ( Calvo et al. 2011a) was rejected ( Applequist 2012), the earliest legitimate name for this taxon is S. provincialis . About typification details see also Calvo et al. (2011a).

Our efforts to find specimens that belong to the original material of Senecio barrelieri were unsuccessful. None of the illustrations cited in the protologue are suitable to lectotypify the name. Both the Barrelier’s illustrations n.º 145 and 146, as well as the Boccone’s one n. º 49 (1 and 2), show a plant with a high number of capitula, which are small and only bear a single row of involucral bracts. On the basis that Gouan stated in the description that the size of the flower is similar to that of Senecio doronicum , and the capitulum has subulate supplementary bracts, the mentioned illustrations do not seem to correspond to the original description of S. barrelieri . With regard to the Barrelier’s illustration n.º 229, it certainly matches a Senecio species, although the description of the basal leaves as “folia cordato-ovata” is also at odds with the lanceolate, attenuate leaves on the picture. According to ICN Art. 9.3 ( McNeill et al. 2012), these illustrations cannot be considered part of the original material. In agreement with our analysis, Timbal-Lagrave (1875) commented that the illustration n.º 229 and the description and provenance provided by Gouan are apparently incoherent. The description and distribution (eastern Pyrenees) matches better with S. provincialis [also supported by Gautier (1897)], while the illustration appears to correspond to S. doronicum subsp. doronicum because it shows several capitula (6), and basal leaves lanceolate, not cordate-ovate or ovate as states the description. He tried to solve the problem by describing two varieties, S. doronicum var. barrelieri Timbal-Lagrave (1875: 474) and S. gerardi var. corbariensis Timbal-Lagrave (1875: 474) . The former variety corresponds to the Barrelier’s illustration, showing a plant distributed through the Alps, but its name is illegitimate under the ICN Art. 53.1 ( McNeill et al. 2012) because Timbal-Lagrave excluded Gouan’s type (Art. 48.2) and the earlier transfer of S. barrelieri to S. doronicum exists. Senecio gerardi var. corbariensis corresponds to the original description and distribution of S. barrelieri , synonymy excluded, and it is also an illegitimate name under ICN Art. 52.1 ( McNeill et al. 2012) because of the inclusion of the name S. barrelieri itself (it had been earlier used at the rank of variety). In the absence of any original material we propose a neotype from the region indicated by Gouan in the protologue, and therefore, the name S. barrelieri becomes a heterotypic synonym of S. provincialis .

The original material used by Küpfer (1969) to report the chromosome number of S. provincialis n =20 was collected at Puig d’Alp (Girona, Spain), where we have only recorded the presence of this taxon. However, the relevant voucher has not been revised.

Selected specimens examined. FRANCE. Alpes-de-Haute-Provence: Barcelonnette , 44º22’N, 6º38’E, 1851, [illegible] ( NY). Alpes-Maritimes: Caussols, sur le plateau de Caussols au sud de la route D.12 entre l'Embut et le col de l'Ecre, 43º44’N, 6º56’E, 31 May 1990, B . Retz 89951 ( B, H, MA). Aude: Tuchan, montagne de Tauch, parte alta, 42º54’N, 2º40’E, 30 May 2009, J . Calvo & T . Buira 3702 ( MA). Aveyron: Viala-du-Pas-de-Jaux (Aveyron), Bois de la Garrigue, 43º58’N, 3º3’E, 27 May 1906, H . Puech s.n. ( B, H, M). Bouches-du-Rhône: sur la tête de Carpiagne près Marsella, 43º15’N, 5º30’E, 24 May 1857, G . Rouy s.n. ( NCY). Gard: Le Vigan, 43º59’N, 3º35’E, June 1866, T . Diomède s.n. ( NY). Haute-Garonne: S . Michel-des-Sers , 43º8’N, 1º3’E, 17 May 1869, [illegible] ( WU). Hautes-Alpes: Briançon, Cervières, 44º52’N, 6º43’E, 1871, J. M. C . Arvet-Touvet s.n. ( GRM). Hérault: Mont. de la Serane bey Montpellier, 1807, D. Corbin s.n. ( LE). Lozère: Lozère, 44º26’N, 3º49’E, 20 June 1848, M . Lamotte 2170 ( NCY). Pyrénées-Orientales: Pyr-Or., Massif du Coronat, à Belloc, 42º36’N, 2º21’E, 16 June 1898, (frère) Sennen s.n. ( BC). Var: Ampus, montagne de la Cabrière, 43º36’N, 6º22’E, May 1916, P . Cousturier & Wiedmann s.n. ( NY). Vaucluse: sommet du Ventoux, 44º9’N, 5º17’E, 25 June 1877, E . Reverchon s.n. ( WU) . SPAIN. Barcelona : Collsuspina, Serra de Castellar , 41º48’N, 2º11’E, 21 May 1912, P . Font i Quer s.n. ( BC). Girona: Baix Empordà, Torroella de Montgrí, a prop de l'ermita de Santa Caterina, 42º3’N, 3º8’E, 18 Apr 2004, J . Font s.n. ( HGI). Lleida: La Segarra, Torrefeta i Florejacs, pr. serra de Miravall , 41º49’N, 1º14’E, 25 May 2009, J . Calvo & J . Pedrol 3622 ( MA). Tarragona: El Priorat, La Morera de Montsant, pr. Pla de la Mola, 41º17’N, 0º53’E, 26 May 2009, J . Calvo & J . Nogués 3642 ( MA) .

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Figures

FIGURE 8. A. Senecio provincialis (Linnaeus) Druce (drawn from Puech s.n. 27 June, M).—a1. Capitulum.—a2. Involucral bract.—a3. Supplementary bract.—a4. Ligulate floret.—a5. Tubular floret. B. Senecio lagascanus Candolle (drawn from Molero & Sáez s.n. 9 June 1996, C).—b1. Capitulum.—b2. Involucral bract.—b3. Supplementary bract.—b4. Ligulate floret.—b5. Tubular floret. C. Senecio scopolii Hoppe & Hornschuch subsp. scopolii (drawn from Pichler 65, G).—c1. Capitulum.—c2. Involucral bract.—c3. Supplementary bract.—c4. Ligulate floret.—c5. Tubular floret. D. Senecio doronicum subsp. longifolius (Willkomm) Calvo (drawn from Amich et al. s.n. 18 June 1979, MA).—d1. Capitulum.—d2. Involucral bract.—d3. Supplementary bract.—d4. Ligulate floret.—d5. Tubular floret.

FIGURE 9. Distribution map for Senecio provincialis (Linnaeus) Druce (∆), S. lagascanus Candolle (●), and S. eriopus Willkomm (▲).