Hyboptera verrucosa (Reiche), 1842, stat. rest.

Erwin, Terry L. & Henry, Shasta C., 2017, Hyboptera Chaudoir, 1872 of the Cryptobatida group of subtribe Agrina: A taxonomic revision with notes on their ways of life (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), ZooKeys 714, pp. 61-127 : 114-117

Hyboptera verrucosa (Reiche), 1842, stat. rest. Verrucose humps-backed beetle Figs 9B , 10E , 11

Aspasia verrucosa Reiche, 1842: 311.

Hyboptera verrucosa (Reiche); Chaudoir (1872: 164).

Lebia tuberculata Dejean; Reichardt (1971: 53).

Holotype. Sex unknown.

Colombia ( “Nouvelle-Grenade”), (MNHP). Type locality herewith restricted to Colombia, Amazonas, Leticia, 4.2242°S, 69.9449°W, 70 m.s.a.l.

Derivation of specific epithet.

The specific epithet, verrucosa , is a feminine Latin adjective referring to the tuberculate elytra.

Proposed English vernacular name.

Verrucose humps-backed beetle.

Diagnosis.

With the attributes of the genus and tuberculata species group as described above and adults with only dark non-metallic markings on the pronotal disc, pronoum with rounded margins, elytron just posterior to scutellum with a V-shaped pale area encompassing the scutellum and sutural and first interval, venter substantially infuscate, and elytra narrow, not broadly arcuate.

Description.

(Figs 9B , 10E ). Size: See Appendix 1. Length (SBL) long for genus, ABL = 4.47-5.66 mm, SBL = 3.79-4.90 mm, TW = 2.06-2.85 mm.

Color: See diagnosis, above.

Luster: Without any metallic highlights, shiny and matte.

Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric and stretched, shallowly impressed, cells somewhat more stretched around elytral tubercles.

Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly without patterned arrangement. Eye markedly large, sub-hemispheric, evenly rounded anteriorly, subtly more prolonged posteriorly. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck finely transversely rugose.

Prothorax: Pronotum moderately broad, disc centrally depressed with coarse angulate rugae. Lateral margins broadly explanate and evenly rounded to obtuse hind angle, base medially produced and rounded posteriorly.

Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina , fully winged. Elytron intervals 3 with 8, and interval 5 with 6 prominent discal unisetiferous tubercles, interval 4 with sub-apical pale colored “lens,” other intervals moderately convex, side margin broadly explanate laterally only at middle third. Elytron broad and moderately short, much narrower in width than that of the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.

Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.

Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3-5; female with two pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6, medial pair of setae less than the length of lateral pair; males with only the lateral pair of longer setae.

Male genitalia: (Fig. 10E ). With ostium of 1/5 its length, catopic, apex short, rounded; endophallus with flagellum, flagellum not barbed. Parameres asymmetric, right very small, left larger.

Female genitalia: Not investigated, likely similar to that of H. lucida (Fig. 8 ).

Dispersal potential.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners. Adults of this species are attracted to C.D.C. light traps.

Way of life.

Adults are common in the lowlands (6 to 829 m.a.s.l.) and appear to be generalists in rainforest biotopes such as terra firme and secondary rain/pine forest. In these forests, they are commonly found in big trees with vines and epiphytes, in suspended dry Cecropia leaves, and in dry Astrocaryum chambira Burret palm frond skirts. Individuals can be found in January-November, in both the rainy and dry seasons. Member of this species have been recorded from the canopy of the following tree species using insecticidal fogging techniques: Chrysophyllum argenteum cf.; Sterculia colombiana cf.; Parkia multijuga cf.; Naucleopsis herrerensis cf.; Matisia malacocalyx cf.; Pseudolmedia laevigata ; Browneopsis ucayalina ; Simira cordifolia /rubescens cf.; Brownea grandiceps cf.; Talisia bitter; Virola decorticans cf.; Pouteria cuspidata ssp. robusta cf.; Diospyros sericea ; Guarea silvatica ; Lacistema nena cf.; Guatteria glaberrima cf.; Luehea seemanni ; Cordia alliodora .

Other specimens examined.

Brazil, Amazonas, km 60 N Manaus, 18.1 km W Campinas Field Station, 2.468°N, 60.156°W, 113m, 22 February 1979 (TL Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP007595, male), north of Manaus, on Amazonas 010 at Km 26, Reserva Ducke, 2.918°S, 59.971°W, 70m, 29 November 1977 (J Arias)(NMNH: ADP007619, male). Colombia, Amazonas, Leticia, 4.2242°S, 69.9449°W, 70m, 19-25 February 1972 (HF Howden, A Howden)(NMNH: ADP007579, male). Ecuador, Orellana, Reserva Ethnica Huaorani, 39 km S, Pompeya, Estación Científica Yasuní - Onkone Gare Camp, Erwin Piraña Plot: transect 2, station 6, 0.6581°S, 76.4513°W, 220-250m, 22 January 1994 (TL Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP138694, male), Erwin Piraña Plot: transect 10, station 9, 0.6540°S, 76.4453°W, 220-250m, 23 January 1994 (TL Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP138588, male), Erwin Piraña Plot: transect 8, station 3, 0.6551°S, 76.4403°W, 220-250m, 24 January 1994 (TL Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP138834, male), Erwin Piraña Plot: transect 7, station 10, 0.6556°S, 76.4474°W, 220-250m, 7 October 1994 (TL Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP135867, female), Erwin Piraña Plot: transect 6, station 9, 0.6561°S, 76.4483°W, 220-250m, 12 February 1995 (TL Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP135871, male), Erwin Piraña Plot: transect 1, station 4, 0.6586°S, 76.4521°W, 220-250m, 4 October 1995 (TL Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP135911, male), Erwin Piraña Plot: transect 6, station 10, 0.6561°S, 76.4483°W, 220-250m, 2 October 1996 (TL Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP135924, female), Yasuni National Park (edge), 95.43 km E (heading 101.46°), Coca, Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Erwin Harpia Plot: transect 6, station 1, 0.6295°S, 76.1443°W, 220-250m, 26 October 1998 (TL Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP135869, female). French Guiana, Cayenne, Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4.7127°N, 52.3966°W, 90m, 19 October 2013 (S Brule, PH Dalens, E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP140530, male), 29 March 2014 (S Brule, PH Dalens, E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP140518, female), Region de Saul, Commune de Saul, Belvedere de Saul, 3.6223°N, 53.2159°W, 283-325m, 23 February 2011 (S Brule, PH Dalens, E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP134156, female), 17 October 2012 (S Brule, PH Dalens, E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP134297, male), Foret de Maya, Commune Macouria, 4.9552°N, 52.4603°W, 30m, 19 December 2016 (S Brule, PH Dalens, E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP151234, female), Cirque Orfion, Orapu RN2 PK65, Commune de Regina, 4.4962°N, 52.3454°W, 81m, 24 September 2016 (S Brule, PH Dalens, E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP151233, male). Panamá, Canal Zone, Ancón, 8.9588°N, 79.5541°W, 36m, 5 November 1921 (H Osborn)(NMNH: ADP058099, female), Lion Hill Island, 9.2266°N, 79.8916°W, 68m, 29 June 1981 (RB Kimsey)(UCD: ADP056612, female), Paraiso, 9.033°N, 79.628°W, 106m, 11 January 1911 (EA Schwarz)(NMNH: ADP007952, female), 24 April 1911 (EA Schwarz)(NMNH: ADP007950, male), 2.2 km W Frijoles, 9.1736°N, 79.7966°W, 37m, 25 July 1977 (RB Kimsey, LS Kimsey)(UCD: ADP058775, female), 4.8 km W Cocoli, 8.980°N, 79.629°W, 188m, 30 August 1974, HP Stockwell, 046080, female), 8 km NW Gamboa, 9.1639°N, 79.7492°W, 100m, 15 July 1976 (TL Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP055841, male), Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Barro Colorado Island, Barro Colorado Research Station, 9.1652°N, 79.8368°W, 70m, 26 June 1926 (NMNH: ADP 007951, female), May 1929 (PJ Darlington Jr.)(MCZ: ADP007948, male, 007957, female), 2 July 1938 (EC Williams)(CMNH: ADP007956, male), January 1941 (KW Cooper)(MCZ: ADP007949, ADP007955, females), April - May 1942 (NMNH: ADP007954, female), 19 February 1975 (TL Erwin, JL Lawrence)(NMNH: ADP027571, female), March 1975 (TL Erwin, JL Lawrence)(NMNH: ADP042850, male), 10 May 1977 (H Wolda)(NMNH: ADP079070, male), 2 June 1977 (H Wolda)(NMNH: ADP077804, female), 5 June 1977 (H Wolda)(NMNH: ADP078274, female), 25 September 1977 (H Wolda)(NMNH: ADP076934, male), 1 November 1977 (H Wolda)(NMNH: ADP082523, male), 24 April 1978 (H Wolda)(NMNH: ADP089657, male), 24 April 1978 (H Wolda)(NMNH: ADP089660, female), 19 May 1978 (H Wolda)(NMNH: ADP062493, male), 22 May 1978 (H Wolda)(NMNH: ADP066554, male), 13 June 1978 (H Wolda)(NMNH: ADP065729, female), 4 October 1978 (H Wolda)(NMNH: ADP080371, female), Parque Nacional Soberania, Madden Forest, 9.098°N, 79.616°W, 50m, 3 July 1974 (C O’Brien, L O’Brien, B Marshall)(NMNH: ADP027330, male); Cocle, El Valle, 8.603°N, 80.152°W, 800m, 16 May 1973 (HP Stockwell)(NMNH: ADP047483, female), El Valle, 8.603°N, 80.152°W, 829m, 26 May 1983 (WE Steiner)(NMNH: ADP005802, female); Panamá, Parque Natural Metropolitano, Panamá City, 8.9946 º N, 79.5428 º W, 67m, 13 May 1996 (F. Øedegaard)(NMNH: ADP140497, male), 27 September 1995, (F. Øedegaard)(NMNH: ADP140507, male), Portobelo, 9.555°N, 69.653°W, 10m, 11 March 1911 (EA Schwarz)(NMNH: ADP007953, female). Perú, Loreto, Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, Río Samiria, Cocha Shinguito, 5.1775°S, 76.6556°W, 112m, 19 June 1990 (TL Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP094065, female), 20 August 1991 (TL Erwin, MG Pogue)(NMNH: ADP051383, female), 22 May 1990 (TL Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP086946, ADP086980, ADP086980, females); Madre de Dios, Reserva Nacional Tambopata, 30 km (air) SW, Puerto Maldonado, Explorer’s Inn, 12.8364°S, 69.2936°W, 209m, 25 February 1984 (TL Erwin, et al.)(NMNH: ADP007594, female), Manu Reserved Zone, Río Manu, BIOLAT Biological Station, Pakitza, 11.9446°S, 71.2831°W, 356m, 9 September 1988 (TL Erwin)(NMNH: ADP007556, male), 14 October 1991 (TL Erwin, MG Pogue)(NMNH: ADP007555, male), 10 July 1992 (TL Erwin, GP Servat, D Silva, F Pfuno S, E Pfuno S)(NMNH: ADP007572, female), 22 June 1993 (TL Erwin, F Pfuno S)(NMNH: ADP007557, female). Suriname, Kwatta, Warwabos, weg nr zee, 5.8437°N, 55.1586°W, 6m, 28 January - 1 February 1964 (DC Geijskes)(NBCL: ADP005808, male, ADP005806, female); Paramaribo, Ma Retraite, 5.8437°N, 55.1586°W, 6m, 12-14 February 1964 (DC Geijskes)(NBCL: ADP005807, male), Wanica, Lelydorp, Sumatra weg, 5.700°N, 55.198°W, 7m, 26-31 March 1964 (DC Geijskes)(NBCL: ADP007598, female). Trinidad and Tobago, Tunapuna, Mt. St. Benedict Monastery, nr. PAX House, 10.6624°N, 61.3984°W, 204m, 8-9 July 1999 (GB Edwards)(NMNH: ADP112207, male, ADP112233, female). Venezuela, Bolivar, 22 km E Upata, 7.960°N, 62.212°W, 359m, 18-19 June 1996 (HF Howden, A Howden)(NMNH: ADP007596, female).

Geographic distribution

(Fig. 11 ). This species is currently known from the restricted type locality (see above) in Colombia, and from Brazil - Amazonas; Ecuador, French Guiana, Panamá, Perú, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.

Notes.

Reichardt (1973) reported additional localities under his treatment for this name; however, he also synonymized H. verrucosa with H. tuberculata in Reichardt (1971). Since we do not accept his action and regard them both as good species, we cannot use his locality records without access to the specimens he saw in order for us to correct his identifications.

Figures

Figure 8. Digital Photo-illustration, female reproductive system dorsal and ventral aspects. Hyboptera lucida Henry & Erwin sp. n., ADP 148100. Legend, bc, bursa copulatrix; sg, spermathecal gland; sgd, spermathecal gland duct; sp, spermatheca. Dorsal aspect; lt, laterotergite; gc 1, gonocoxite 1; gc 2, gonocoxite 2, des, dorsal ensiform seta, b, base of gonocoxite 2; bl, blade of gonocoxite 2. Scale line = 0.25 mm.

Figure 9. Digital Photo-illustration. Habitus, dorsal aspect. A Hyboptera tuberculata (Dejean), female, ADP 007533 B Hyboptera verrucosa (Reiche), female, ADP 086946.

Figure 10. Digital Photo-illustration, male aedeagus in repose, dorsal, ventral, left lateral aspects: A Hyboptera apollonia Erwin, ADP 100266 B Hyboptera dilutior Oberthuer, ADP 134143 C Hyboptera lucida Henry & Erwin, sp. n., ADP 135785 D Hyboptera tuberculata (Dejean), ADP 135797 E Hyboptera verrucosa (Reiche), ADP 082523. Legend, fl, flagellum. Scale line = 0.25 mm.

Figure 11. Distribution map for known localities of Hyboptera species.