Heptagenia (Heptagenia) quadripunctata Kluge, 1989

Vasanth, M., Kubendran, T., Subramanian, K. A., Paray, Nisar Ahmad & Roy, Soumen, 2023, A new record of Heptagenia (H.) quadripunctata Kluge, 1989 (Heptageniinae: Heptageniidae: Ephemeroptera) from the Western Himalaya, India, Records of the Zoological Survey of India 123 (3), pp. 209-218 : 210-211

Heptagenia (Heptagenia) quadripunctata Kluge, 1989 ( Figures 1-41 )

1989. Heptagenia (Heptagenia) quadripunctata , Bulletin of Leningrad University, 3 (4): 4.

2022. Heptagenia (Heptagenia) quadripunctata Kluge , 159 (2): 151-186.

Materials examined: 03 larvae, India, Union Territory of Ladakh , Leh , Shey village (15 km far from Leh towards Hemis), Indus River, Indus Valley, 34.06915°N ,

77.63618°E, 3446 m, 16. viii.2019. Coll. T. Kubendran. 03 larvae, India, Union Territory of Ladakh , Leh , Hemis , (40 km far from Leh) Indus River, Indus Valley , 33.91421°N,

77.71136°E, 3589 m, 15. viii.2019. Coll. T. Kubendran. 01 larva, India, Union Territory of Ladakh , Leh , Phey village , (21 km far from Leh) Indus River, Indus Valley ,

34.13350°N, 77.46266°E, 3209 m, 18. viii.2019. Coll. T. Kubendran .

Description: Body brownish yellow, with indistinct pattern. Dorsally with long and thin setae; Length of mature larva, antennae 1.5-2.0 mm; body 9.5-10 mm; caudal filaments 9-10 mm.

Head: The head is quadrangular, brownish with irregular pale-yellow markings, sometimes expanding anteriorly, with a narrow posterior margin ( Figures 1, 2 ) and slight width in the middle of the thorax ( Figure 2 ); the front of head semi-dark for most part and the medial ocellus departs as a light spot ahead ( Figures 1, 2 ); anterior margin of head with small hair-like setae; width and length of the head 2.7-2.9 mm and 2.2-2.3 mm respectively; antennae brownish, scape broad and pedicel with thin hair-like setae ( Figure 10 ). The ventral surface is pale yellow and whitish in the thoracic part ( Figure 3 ). Labrum: length shorter than wide, anterior margin slightly shallow medially and curved laterally, dorsal and ventral side with a transverse row of robust, dense, long hair-like setae ( Figures 11, 12 ). Hypopharynx: superlinguae slightly longer than lingua and bulged laterally with long hair-like setae; and dorsal surface with small hair-like setae, lingua anteriorly with a V-shaped cleft with thin hair-like setae ( Figures 13, 14 ). Mandibles: anterolateral margin without smooth and broad, mixed with long hair-like setae; incisors long and stout; outer incisors similar in both mandibles, apex with serrated; inner incisors well developed in left mandible, in case of right mandible poorly developed; prostheca with hair-like setae, a molar with strong setae ( Figures 15-18 ). Labium: the outer edge of glossae convex, bent inwards, paraglossae slightly rounded with dense hair-like setae; palps three-segmented, Segment I broad, surface with a bunch of small setae outward, and Segment III broad, outward with mixed hair-like setae ( Figures 19-21 ). Maxilla: Galeolacinia with a row of long setae submarginally along with inner margin, distal margin with 11-12 comb-shaped setae, surface with a bunch of long, stout setae and 2-3 dentisetae on anterior margin; palps three-segmented; Segment I smaller, Segment II slightly broad with long hair-like setae on inner and outside, Segment III longer, apically sharp, outward with long hair-like setae and apically stout setae, inside with small setae ( Figures 22-24 ).

Thorax: Thorax with indistinct brown and yellowish-brown markings, ventrally pale white ( Figures 2, 3 ). Pronotum anteriorly with a pair of dark brown spots. Laterally, slightly wider than the head and the posterior margin is shallowly cleft medially ( Figure 4 ). Mesonotum without spines, laterally with a pair of distinct spine-like projections, dark-tinted flat protrusions sticking out to the sides and somewhat bent dorsally and under the form of distinct blunted spine of supracoxal protrusions of mid femur ( Figure 2 ). Fore and hind femur supracoxal protrusions of thorax not developed. Wing pad is well developed. Legs: Femur brown with pale yellowish, proximal and distal parts narrow and medially wider with two prominent dark bands; dorsally with small, stout, spatulate spine-like and hair-like setae, anterior margin with slight, long, stout, spatulate spine-like and long hair-like setae; apex with blunt apical projection ( Figures 25-27 ). Tibia with dense hair-like setae, in-between with small and large sharp spine-like setae on the dorsal side ( Figure 28 ). Middle and hind femora well developed; tibiae with dense, long, hair-like setae on the outer margin and smaller setae on the dorsal edge ( Figures 29- 30 ). Claw with a single prominent denticle ( Figure 31 ).

Abdomen: Terga brownish yellow with distinct pair of oblique markings; terga I-X without posterolateral spines and medial tubercles, sternites pale ( Figures 1-3 ); terga I-X with a punch of hair-like setae on each side ( Figure 8 ); each posterior margin with small distinct spines ( Figure 7 ). Gills present on terga I-VII with two lamellae, upper lamellae lobes, each with rudimentary, narrow, without rigid ribs and lower lamellae with large, dense filamentous ( Figures 4 , 32-38 ). Caudal filaments are yellowish-brown, each segment covered with stout setae ( Figures 2, 3 , 9 ).

Distribution: Palearctic and Oriental regions ( India). Details of the Palearctic type locality for the species H. (H.) quadripunctata, Kluge (1989) . This species is first recorded from the high-altitude region of Ladakh. It is a narrow-restricted species and is currently reported in cold deserts.

Diagnosis: Larva: H. (H.) quadripunctata can be differentiated from its congeners in having the following unique combination of characters: 1. superlinguae of hypopharynx slightly longer than lingua and bulged laterally ( Figures 13, 14 ); 2. anterior margin of labrum slightly shallow medially and curved laterally ( Figures 11, 12 ) 4. apex of femora with dorsal process projected ( Figures 25, 29, 30 ); 5. gills I-VII, dorsal lamellae lobe and ventral lamellae filamentous (32-38); 6. Claw with a single prominent denticle ( Figure 31 ).

Figures

Figures 1-5. Larva ofH. (H.) quadripunctata 1. Dorsal view (ultimolarva); 2. Dorsal view; 3. Ventral view; 4. Ventral view of abdomen showing gills; 5. Dorsal view of thorax.

Figures 6-14. Larva ofH. (H.) quadripunctata 6. Lateral view of thorax; 7. Abdominal terga IV-V; 8. Abdominal terga VI-VIII with lateral setae; 9. Cerci; 10. Antennae; 11. Labrum; 12. Labrum closer view; 13. Hypopharynx; 14. Hypopharynx closer view.

Figures 15-24. Larva ofH. (H.) quadripunctata 15. Left mandible; 16. Left mandible closer view; 17. Right mandible; 18. Right mandible closer view; 19. Labium; 20. Labium closer view of glossae; 21. Closer view of labial palp; 22. Maxilla; 23. Galealacinia of maxilla; 24. Maxillary palp.

Figures 25-31. Larva ofH. (H.) quadripunctata 25. Foreleg; 26. Dorsal surface; 27. Anterior margin; 28. Tibia; 29. Midleg; 30. Hindleg; 31. claw.

Figures 32-38. Larva ofH. (H.) quadripunctata 32. Gill I; 33. Gill II; 34. Gill III; 35. Gill IV; 36. Gill V (lobe); 37. Gill VI (lobe); 38. Gill VII

Figures 39-40. Sampling sites of H. (H.) quadripunctata 39. Shey village, Leh, Indus River, Indus Valley, 40. Phey village, Leh, Indus River, Indus Valley.

Figure 41. Distribution map of H. (H.) quadripunctata of India