Hemibrpconinae Gérp, 1966

Melo, Bruno F, Ota, Rafaela P, Benine, Ricardo C, Carvalho, Fernando R, Lima, Flavio C T, Mattox, George M T, Souza, Camila S, Faria, Tiago C, Reia, Lais, Roxo, Fabio F, Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Near, Thomas J & Oliveira, Claudio, 2024, Phylogenomics of Characidae, a hyper-diverse Neotropical freshwater fish lineage, with a phylogenetic classification including four families (Teleostei: Characiformes), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 202 (1), pp. 1-37 : 10

Hemibrpconinae Gérp, 1966 , new usage

Type genus: Hemibrycon Günther, 1864 .

Included genera: Acrobrycon Eigenmann and Pearson in Pearson, 1924 and Hemibrycon .

Definition: The least inclusive crown clade that contains Acrobrycon ipanquianus (Cope, 1877) , Hemibrycon polyodon (Günther, 1864) , and Hemibrycon caucanus (Eigenmann, 1913) . This is a minimum-crown-clade definition. See Figure 3 for a reference phylogeny of Hemibryconinae. Although Hemibrycon polyodon is not included in the reference phylogeny, the species resolves with other species of Hemibrycon in a molecular phylogeny ( Thomaz et al. 2015) and species in the genus are thought to represent a monophyletic group (Weitzman and Fink 1985).

Etymology: From the ancient Greekἡμί- (hˈɛmi) a prefix meaning half and ΒΡύκω (bɹˈuːko͡ʊ) meaning bite or ΒΡύΧω (bɹˈuːko͡ʊ) meaning gnash.

Remarks: Géry (1966a) delimited Hemibryconini to include Boehlkea Géry, 1966 , Bryconacidnus Myers,1929 , Bryconamericus , Ceratobranchia Eigenmann, 1914 , Coptobrycon Géry, 1966 , Hemibrycon , Knodus , Microgenys Eigenmann,1913 , Nematobrycon Eigenmann, 1911 , Piabarchus Myers, 1928 , Rhinobrycon Myers, 1944 , and Rhinopetitia Géry, 1964 . Thomaz et al. (2015) resolved Hemibryconini to include Acrobrycon , Hemibrycon , and tentatively Boehlkea (not analysed there). Ferreira et al. (2021) resolved Acrobrycon and Hemibrycon as a clade supported with five morphological synapomorphies. Phylogenetic analyses of the UCE loci resolve Acrobrycon ipanquianus (Cope, 1877) as the sister-lineage of Hemibrycon ( Fig. 3); the two specimens of Boehlkea are placed closer to Bryconamericus macarenae Román-Valencia et al., 2010 , Phallobrycon Menezes et al., 2009 , and Knodus cf. delta Géry, 1972 , in the subfamily Diapominae ( Fig. 3). Hemibryconinae are primarily an Andean lineage, although some species of Hemibrycon occur in the Amazon and Orinoco basins ( Fig. 3).