Megalogryllus Chopard, 1930

Горохов, А. В., 2019, Преąваритеλьная Гипотеза Об Истории Поąсемейства Gryllinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) В Америке И Новые Таксоны Поąтрибы Anurogryllina И Роąа, Amurian Zoological Journal XI (4), pp. 279-308 : 302-304

Genus Megalogryllus Chopard, 1930

The genus is here considered as consisting of two subgenera, because one previously described Brazilian species is removed from the Indo-Malayan genus Tarbinskiellus Gor. and included in a new subgenus of the Neotropical genus Megalogryllus . Such erroneous systematic position was originally established for this largest cricket of America (Gorochov 2001) in connection with its significant external similarity to the representatives of Tarbinskiellus and intermediate (between this genus and Megalogryllus ) structure of the male genitalia: ectoparamere of this Brazilian species has developed mesal lobe (as in Tarbinskiellus ) but is more similar to that of Megalogryllus type species in shape (see key to subgenera of this genus below). Also, it is necessary to note that all the representatives of Megalogryllus (including one described as Tarbinskiellus species) have very characteristic armament of hind tibiae which separates this genus from all the other genera of Gryllini : dorsal spines of these tibiae are divided into normal (articulated) spines and shortened (non-articulated, denticle-like) ones (the latter spines are usually located in more proximal part of tibia than normal spines). However, fusion of bases of articulated spines with hind tibia is also recorded for Gryllus madagascariensis F. Walk. , which undoubtedly belongs to the genus Gryllus . 1. Body moderately large (length of pronotum

3.7–4.2 mm); pronotum not very wide, i.e.

its anterior half not wider than head and slightly or barely narrower than tegminal dorsal field ( Figs 120, 121 ); ectoparamere of male genitalia without distinct mesal lobe and with spine-like process located on apex of posterodorsal sclerite ( Figs 52 , 123–128 ). [from Guyana to Southern Brazil]........................................... subgenus Megalogryllus s. str.

[Type species Megalogryllus molinai Chopard,

1930. Composition: type species; M. clamosus

Mesa et Garcia-Novo, 2004; M. (Megalogryllus)

angustulus sp. nov.; M. (M.) excellens sp. nov.]

— Body largest among Gryllidae of America [length of pronotum 6.2 mm; for Titanogryllus Jaiswara et al. , recently described as genus in Gryllinae but having more primitive type of endoparameres (judging by photo in Jaiswara et al. 2018: figs 5, 6, 9, 12) and requiring examination of its subfamily position, this length 3.7–5.6 mm]; pronotum very wide, i.e. its anterior half wider than head and not narrower than tegminal dorsal field ( Fig. 122 ); ectoparamere of male genitalia with distinct mesal lobe as well as with spine-like process located in place of fusion of both apex of mesal lobe and apex of posterodorsal sclerite ( Fig. 51 , 97–99 ). [ Brazil: “Para-Minas”]............ subgenus Gigantogryllus subgen. nov.

http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ D5C2AE99- E854-4028-B375-15A78E383BE9

[Type species Tarbinskiellus neotropicus Gorochov, 2001 . Composion: only type species. Etymology: from “giganteus” (gigantic in Latinized Greek) and genus Megalogryllus .]

Figures

Figs 120–122. Megalogryllus, male body from above: 120 — M. (Megalogryllus) excellens sp. nov.; 121 — M. (M.) angustulus sp. nov.; 122 — M. (Gigantogryllus) neotropicus (Gor.)

Figs 13–52. Structures of male genitalia in Anurogryllina and Brachytrupina, schematically: 13, 14 — Mexigryllus huatulco sp. nov.; 15, 16 — M. tuxtla sp. nov.; 17–20 — Anurogryllus (Urogryllus) oaxaca sp. nov.; 21–24 — A. (U.) mataracu sp. nov.; 25–27 — A. (U.) tamaulipas sp. nov.; 28–30 — A. (U.) parvispeculum sp. nov.; 31–33 — A. (U.) minimus sp. nov.; 34–39 — A. (U.) pantanal sp. nov.; 40–42 — A. (Pilosogryllus) fulvaster (Chop.); 43 — Phonarellus minor (Chop.); 44 — Cephalogryllus lifouensis Gor.; 45 — Sciobia lusitanica (Ramb.); 46 — Modicogryllus frontalis(Fieb.);47 — Tarbinskiellus portentosus (Drury); 48 — Geogryllus mezai Gor. et Izerskyy; 49 — Miogryllus sp. from Peru; 50 — M. sp. from Ecuador; 51 — Megalogryllus (Gigantogryllus) neotropicus (Gor.); 52 — M. (Megalogryllus) excellens sp. nov. Anteromedian lobe of epiphallus from above (13, 15, 17, 21, 24, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37, 40); ectoparamere from below (14, 16, completely; 18, 22, 27, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, apical portion) as well as from below and slightly medially (43–52); apical part of rachis from below (19, 20, 23, 26, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42) Abbreviations: aml — apex of mesal lobe; as — apical sclerite; bml — base of mesal lobe, but without most part of this lobe (52) or only without its small part (49, 50); m — membrane between mesal lobe and posterodorsal sclerite; ma — membranous area between apical and proximal sclerites; ml — mesal lobe; pds — posterodorsal sclerite; ps — proximal sclerite; spl — spine-like process at apex of mesal lobe (47), at apex of proximal sclerite (52), and in place of their fusion (46, 48, 49, 50, 51)

Figs 123–128. Megalogryllus, male: 123–125 — M. (Megalogryllus) angustulus sp. nov.; 126– 128 — M. (M.) excellens sp. nov. Genitalia from above (123, 126), from below (124, 127) and from side (125, 128)

Figs 88–99. Anurogryllus and Megalogryllus, male: 88–93 — A. (Urogryllus) pantanal sp. nov.; 94–96 — A. (U.) mataracu sp. nov.; 97–99 — M. (Gigantogryllus) neotropicus (Gor.). Genitalia from above (88, 91, 94, 97), from below (89, 92, 95, 98) and from side (90, 93, 96, 99)