Graphis insulana (Müll. Arg.) Lücking & Sipman (2008: 84)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

* Graphis insulana (Müll. Arg.) Lücking & Sipman (2008: 84) .

Syn.: Graphina insulana Müller Arg. (1883: 56) .

Type :— FIJI INSULA. Viti Levu: 30 November 1875, Naumann s.n. ( G!, holotype) .

Fig. 5G .

Thallus corticolous, yellowish gray, whitish gray to lead gray, continuous, smooth or uneven, dull or rarely slightly glossy. Lirellae (immersed to) erumpent with lateral to almost complete thalline margin, elongate, straight, curved or sinuous, sparsely irregularly branched, labia convergent, entire, black, not pruinose, disc concealed ( subserpentina - morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium inspersed (type A); ascospores 1–2/ascus, hyaline, densely muriform 15–30 × 2–6-septate, 70–110 × 20–27 μm.

Chemistry: norstictic acid (major), connorstictic acid (minor to trace), subnorstictic acid (minor to trace) (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—Pantropical, reported from São Thomé & Principe, Costa Rica,Africa, the Philippines, Mariana Islands, Australia ( Lücking et al. 2008) and is here reported from Thailand for the first time. It is a common lichen in the southern provinces of the country where it is growing on the bark of various trees ( Areca catechu , Artocarpus heterophyllus , Cocos nucifera , Garcinia mangostana , Lansium parasiticum , Mangifera foetida , Michelia alba , Sandoricum koetjape ) mostly in plantations of fruit trees or in light secondary forests, between 3 and 190 m.

Remarks:—Some collections are habitually very similar to G. streblocarpa (see below), but can easily be separated by the different chemistry (stictic acid chemosyndrom occurring in the latter) and the clear hymenium. Also similar can be G. subinsulana Poengsungnoen & Kalb , but this species has prominent, unbranched lirellae and longer ascospores (up to 150 μm long).

Selected material from Thailand examined (31 specimens collected):— Chumphon province: Pathio district, tambon Chum Kho, on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 20 m, 10°45’33’’ N, 99°22’14’’ E, 6 November 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1559 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42344); dito, Mueang district, tambon Tak Daet, in the area of Ban Bangpeang, in a coconut plantation ( Cocos nucifera ), 7 m, 10°29’03’’ N, 99°10’32’’ E, 12 December 2007, J. Sutjaritturakan 0020 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42340); dito, Thung Tako district, in the area of Ouwmamueng, a few km NW of Pak Tako, in a betel palm plantation ( Areca katechu ), 20 m, 10°06’24’’ N, 99°08’09’’ E, 6 November 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1510 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42378); dito, Luang Suan district, tambon Wang Tako, in the area of Moo 13, in a betel palm plantation ( Areca catechu ), 190 m, 09°55’54’’ N, 99°02’30’’ E, 14 June 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1013 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42338); dito, tambon Tha Maphla, in the area of Ban Tha Satan Moo 2, in a mangosteen plantation ( Garcinia mangostana ), 20 m, 09°56’27’’ N, 99°02’16’’ E, 16 May 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2601 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42353); dito, Lamae district, on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 3 m, 09°48’16’’ N, 99°02’14’’ E, 30 August 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1864 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42366)— Surat Thani province: Ban Na Doem district, in the area of tambon Tha Ruea, on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 30 m, 08°55’28’’ N, 99°16’33’’ E, 15 April 2012 J. Sutjaritturakan 3883, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42365)— Phuket province: Thalang district, in the area of Kho Rang, on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 140 m, 07°53’35’’ N, 98°22’50’’ E, 22 April 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4050 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42385)— Phattalung province: Srinagarindra district, in the area of tambon Ban Na Moo 2, on bark of an unidentified tree, 60 m, 07°31’17’’ N, 99°52’45’’ E, 28 May 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4594, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42361)— Songkhla province: Rattaphum district, tampon Kamphaeng Phet, in the area of Khao Tok Nam temple, bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 40 m, 07°08’20’’ N, 100°15’31’’ E, 26 May 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4452 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42382)— Pattani province: Khok Pho district, tambon Thung Phla, in the area of Aran Warin Waterfgall, in a coconut plantation ( Cocos nucifera ), 80–100 m, 6°38’46’’ N, 101°08’37’’ E, 11 August 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4754, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42363).

Figures

FIGURE 5. A. Graphis epimelaena (scale = 0.4); B. Graphis erythrocardia (scale = 0.5); C. Graphis flavovirens (scale = 1 mm); D. Graphis gonimica (scale = 0.25 mm); E. Graphis immersicans (scale = 0.5 mm); F. Graphis implicata (scale = 0.5 mm); G. Graphis insulana (scale = 0.7 mm); H. Graphis intricata (scale = 1 mm).