Goniopteris subdimorpha Salino, 2016

Salino, Alexandre, Leroy, Carolina Jesus, Moura, Luiza Costa & Moura, Ingridy Oliveira, 2016, Four new species of the fern genus Goniopteris C. Presl (Thelypteridaceae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Phytotaxa 255 (3), pp. 249-258 : 253

3. Goniopteris subdimorpha Salino , sp. nov.

Goniopteris subdimorpha differs from all Brazilian Goniopteris species by the dense, simple pluricellular tortuous hairs 1.1–2.7 mm along the abaxial costae, costules, veins, and laminar surface between veins, and these hairs are always arched over the sori. Type: – BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Sobrália, fazenda Santa Luzia, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Submontana, 145–150 m, 19°12’34.2”S,

42°11’54.3”W, 07 September 2004, A. Salino 9695 (holotype BHCB!, isotype UC!).

Plants terrestrial. Rhizomes erect, caudices up to 10 cm tall, scales lanceolate, castaneous, with furcate and stellate hairs. Fronds clustered, 36–80 cm long, monomorphic to subdimorphic (fertile fronds with longer petioles); petioles sulcate adaxially, 20–61 cm, long, 3.0– 4.8 mm diam., scaly at bases, scales like those of rhizomes, pilose with simple and stalked stellate and furcate hairs, these denser in adaxial grooves. Laminae 22.5–61.0 cm long, lanceate, papyraceous, not verrucose, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid, apex gradually reduced, confluent and pinnatifid. Buds or plantlets absent on rachises; rachises pilose with simple and stalked stellate and furcate hairs, these denser in adaxial grooves; pinnae 15–16 pairs, 8–19 × 1.8–2.7 cm, perpendicular to ascending, the proximal pair rarely deflexed, linear-elliptic, incised 1/3–1/2 their width, sessile, apices acuminate, bases obtuse; costae, costules, veins, and laminar surfaces adaxially pilose with simple hairs 0.1 mm long, costae also with stellate and furcate stipitate hairs 0.1 mm long; costae abaxially with a mixture of dense, simple, pluricellular, tortuous long hairs 1.1–2.7 mm, simple short hairs 0.24–0.85 mm long, stalked furcate hairs 0.1–0.3 mm long, and reduced linear scales, rarely also with stalked stellate hairs 0.10–0.16 mm long, costules, veins and laminar surfaces with simple long and short hairs like those of costae; segments 3.9–4.8 mm wide, entire, rounded apically; veins 7–11 pairs per segment, unbranched, the basal vein pairs from adjacent segments connivent at the sinuses. Sori rounded, medial or sometimes inframedial, indusia round to reniform with simple hairs; sporangia glabrous.

Distribution and habitat: — Goniopteris subdimorpha is known only from the type locality in Minas Gerais state, where it grows in semideciduous forests at 140– 150m.

Etymology: —The epithet refers to the subdimorphic fronds (fertile fronds with much longer petioles than sterile fronds).

Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Sobrália, fazenda Santa Luzia, floresta estacional semidecidual submontana, 145–150 m, 19°12’34.2”S, 42°11’54.3”W, 07 September 2004, A. Salino 9694 (BHCB, UC).

Notes:— Goniopteris subdimorpha differs from all Brazilian Goniopteris species by the dense, simple pluricellular tortuous hairs 1.1–2.7 mm along the abaxial side of costae, costules, veins, and laminar surfaces between veins, and these hairs are always arched over the sori. Goniopteris subdimorpha is similar to G. littoralis ( Salino 2002: 332) Salino & Almeida (2015: 40) , endemic to southeastern Brazil, and G. windischii Salino , endemic to the southern Bahia, Brazil, by having slightly dimorphic fronds (i.e., fertile fronds with longer petioles) and often inframedial sori. However, G. windischii has short to medium-creeping rhizomes, and has rachises with a mixture of short (to 0.1 mm) and long (0.3–0.6 mm) hyaline hairs, costae and costules abaxially with a dense mixture of short simple, furcate or stellate hairs ca. 0.1 mm and long stout simple hairs 0.35–0.45 mm, and abaxially the laminar surfaces between veins with only short simple hairs 0.1–0.15 mm. Goniopteris subdimorpha has abaxial laminar surfaces between veins with only very long simple hairs 1.1–2.7 mm. Goniopteris litoralis has long hairs on abaxial side of costae, but these hairs are maximally 1 mm long and are usually unicellular and erect; also the rachises are densely covered with furcate and stellate red hairs to 0.1 mm long, and only few simple hairs to 0.7 mm long in the adaxial grooves.