Galacantha trachynotus Anderson, 1896

Published, First, 2007, Species of the genus Munidopsis Whiteaves, 1784 from the Indian and Pacific Oceans and reestablishment of the genus Galacantha A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae), Zootaxa 1417, pp. 1-135 : 26-28

Galacantha trachynotus Anderson, 1896

( Figs. 13, 14, 55C)

Galacantha trachynotus Anderson, 1896: 100 .— Alcock & Anderson, 1896: pl. 25: figs. 3, 3a.— Tirmizi, 1966: 210, figs. 25, 26.

Galacantha spinosa var. trachynotus .— Alcock, 1901: 277.

Munidopsis trachynotus .— Baba, 1988 171; 2005: 297.

Material examined. Madagascar (A. Crosnier collection), Stn CH 131, 1490– 1640 m: 8 M 10.3–29.6 mm, 2 ovig. F 29.6–36.7 mm, 3 F 18.2–21.7 mm (MNHN-Ga1434).—Stn CH 141, 1600–1725 m: 1 F 22.3 m

(MNHN-Ga1435). Gulf of Aden. METEOR 5, Stn 262, 1830– 1837 m: 1 M 26.6 mm, 2 ovig. F 27.8–29.8 mm ( SMF). Solomon Islands. SALOMON 1. Stn 1754, 1169– 1203 mm: 1 F 27.1 mm (MNHN-Ga5554).— Stn 1764, 1 M 22.4 mm, 1 F 18.8 mm (MNHN-Ga5498). Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10. Stn 1361, 1068– 1091 m: 1 M 35.3 mm (MNHN-Ga5555). BORDAU 1. Stn 1458, 1216– 1226 m: 1 F 5.9 mm (MNHN-Ga5556) .

Diagnosis. Carapace covered with spines of different sizes, paired well-developed epigastric spines and often one unpaired behind rostrum, one extremely strong laterally compressed mesogastric, and 2 moderately large cardiac spines, posterior smaller than anterior. Lateral margin slightly convex, with numerous spines, and 2 prominent anterior spines, first spine (anterolateral) larger than second spine (hepatic) and one welldeveloped spine behind cervical groove. Rostrum with 2 lateral spines, discernible in dorsal view, basal portion proximal to lateral spines slightly upturned; rostral spine smaller than mesogastric spine strongly upturned and forming angle of nearly 60º with horizontal. Abdomen spinose. Abdominal tergites 2–4 with 2 moderately elevated transverse ridges, bearing spines, each anterior ridge with prominent median spine, spine on tergite 4 clearly smaller than preceding spines; tergite 4 with transverse groove between ridges not interrupted medially; pleura of tergites 2–3 with numerous spines; tergite 5 spinose, anterior border with numerous tubercles; tergite 6 spinose, posteriormedian lobe produced, overreaching posterolateral lobes. Telson with numerous spines. Eye movable, eyespine sometimes present, corneae subglobular. P1 covered with spines, 1.5 times carapace length; merus, carpus and palm with some well-developed distal spines, carpus slightly shorter than palm, 1.3–1.5 times longer than wide, with a few terminal spines; palm slightly longer than wide, fingers 1.4–1.7 times longer than palm, distally spooned, prehensile edges crenulate. P2–P4 long, slender, covered with numerous spines, subcylindrical. P2 overreaching P1 and about twice carapace length; merus about 3 times length of carpus, 1.3–1.4 times length of propodus and 5.5–6.5 times longer than high, slightly longer than that of P3 and 1.3 times that of P4, overreaching rostrum, having distal spine on dorsal and ventral margin; carpus having dorsolateral granulated crest, with distal spine on dorsal margin; propodus 6–8 times longer than high, nearly 1.5 times dactylus length, ventral margin unarmed; dactyli compressed laterally, slen- der, flexor border moderately curving, bearing small low teeth.

Colour. Spines on carapace and abdomen red, lateral margins of carapace and pleura of abdominal segments red; dorsal surface of carapace and abdomen pink; pereiopods reddish.

Remarks. This species is very characteristic and clearly different from other species of the genus Galacantha . They are characterized by the presence of numerous spines on the carapace and abdomen, the rostrum has two lateral divergent spines at the end of the horizontal portion, clearly discernible in dorsal view; the first (anterolateral) spine of the carapace is larger than the second spine.

Distribution. Previously known from the Arabian Sea (type locality) at 1669–1893 m, Teluk Tomini (Sulawesi) at 1380 m and off Central Queensland at 1385–1403 m. The present material wascollected from Madagascar, Gulf of Aden, Solomon Islands and Fiji, 1068–2000 m.