Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli Friese, 1900

Villamizar, Germán & Vivallo, Felipe, 2024, Taxonomic revision of the oil-collecting bee subgenus Epicharis (Epicharitides) Moure, 1945 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with the description of two new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 928 (1), pp. 1-61 : 5-12

Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli Friese, 1900

Figs 1 , 10

Epicharis cockerelli Friese, 1900: 119 (original description).

Centris baccharis Friese, 1901: 345 , 350. (nom. nov. for Centris (Epicharis) cockerelli Friese, 1900 due to secondary homonymy with C. cockerelli Fox, 1899 ).

Epicharis cockerelli – Schrottky 1901: 211, 214 (floral records); 1902a: 559–561, 565 (key, morphology of adult, distribution); 1902b: 320 (distribution); 1904: 348 (cited). — Ducke 1910: 365 (cited). — Cockerell 1922: 549 (morphology of adult). — Gottsberger 1986: 33 (floral records). — Pedro 1994: 252 (floral records). — Oliveira & Gibbs 2000: 320 (floral records). — Machado 2004: 269 (floral records). — Oliveira et al. 2007: 758 (floral record, bionomy). — Rosa 2009: 65 (floral record, bionomy). — Cappellari 2011: 22, 37, 181, 185, 187 (bionomy, floral records). — Mello et al. 2012: 4–5 (bionomy). — Giannini et al. 2014: 217 (pollinator). — Silveira-Sazan et al. 2014: 42 (pollinator). — Aguiar et al. 2017a: 80 (floral record, bionomy); 2018: 571 (bionomy). — Cardoso et al. 2017: 16–17 (figure of adult, floral record).

Epicharitides cockerelli – Moure 1945a: 312 (morphology of adult, new combination); 1945b: 399–400 (distribution, key).

Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli – Moure & Seabra 1959: 125 (comparative note with E. rufescens ). — Kerr & Cunha 1976: 36, 38, 41, 43 (list, relationship between fossils). — Neff & Simpson 1981: 99–102 (morphology of adult). — Gottsberger & Silberbauer-Gottsberger, 1988: 305 (floral record). — Mateus 1998: 20, 31, 42, 67, 107, 124–125, 139, 142 (floral records, bionomy). — Pedro & Camargo 1999: 200 (catalogue). — Gaglianone 2001: 24–27, 42–45, 47, 49, 52–53, 60, 63, 65, 67, 132, 144, 150, 186 (bionomy, floral records, morphology of adult, distribution); 2003: 282 (floral records, bionomy). — Almeida 2002: 36 (floral record). — Silveira et al. 2002: 102 (list, distribution). — Consolaro 2004: 19 (floral record, bionomy). — Anacleto & Marchini 2005: 280 (bionomy). — Andena et al. 2005: 61 (floral records); 2012: 1668 (floral records). — Moure et al. 2007: 138 (catalogue, distribution). — Vilhena & Augusto 2007: 16, 18–19 (floral record, distribution, bionomy). — Azevedo et al. 2008: 144 (list, local records). — Rasmussen & Ascher 2008: 39 (list). — Alves-dos-Santos 2009: 304 (catalogue). — Amorim 2009: 22 (floral record). — Carvalho & Oliveira 2010: 59 (floral record). — Amorim & De Marco 2011: 714 (floral record). — Gaglianone et al. 2011: 659 (list, distribution). — Imperatriz-Fonseca et al. 2011: 10 (list, floral records). — Menezes 2011: 25–26 (floral record, bionomy). — Martins et al. 2012: 31 (list); 2014: 89–92 (terminal taxon in molecular phylogenetic analysis, biogeographical analysis, bionomy). — Vilhena et al. 2012: 55 (floral record, bionomy). — Almeida & Laroca 2013: 91–95, 112, 121, 169, 171 (key, catalogue, floral records). — Ferreira 2013: 29 (floral record). — Pinto 2013: 34–35, 37, 52, 61 (floral record, bionomy, distribution). — Martins & Melo 2015: 25, 27 (terminal taxon in molecular phylogenetic analysis). — Lima & Silvestre 2016: 9 (list). — Sá et al. 2016: 702–703 (floral record, bionomy). — Sorreque 2016: 21 (bionomy). — Aguiar et al. 2017b: 71 (floral record, bionomy). — Sigrist et al. 2017: 3 (list).

Centris baccharis – Rasmussen & Ascher 2008: 29 (list).

Diagnoses

Females

Pubescence mostly whitish, mainly on mesosoma and T1; yellow maculae on face distinct and well-developed; malar area sub-rectangular; yellow maculae on T2–T5 relatively elliptical with irregular margins; tegula and wing veins reddish brown.

Males

Pubescence predominantly whitish; maculae well-developed mainly on labrum, supraclypeal and paraocular areas and on lower half of clypeus; maculae on metasomal terga as wide stripes, narrower on T2 medially; tegula and wing veins reddish brown; hind femur robust with whitish hairs. The female of this species resembles E. iheringi by the similar yellow maculation on metasoma. However, E. cockerelli can be differentiated by having more developed maculae on face, malar area sub-rectangular and by the pubescence of mesosoma predominantly whitish. Epicharis iheringi has the maculae on face less developed, malar area reduced and pubescence mostly black. The male of E. cockerelli is very similar to E. duckei , but in this latter species there is a macula on the posterior margin of mesoscutellum which is absent in E. cockerelli .

Type material

Holotype (with the following data label)

BRAZIL • ♀; “Brasil Jundiahy 21.I. [Handwriting] 1899Schrottky\ Bacharis dracuncufolia [Handwriting label]\ Epicharis cockerelli ♀ [Handwriting] 1900 Friese det.\ Typus [Orange label]\ HOLÓTIPO [Red label]\ http://coll.mfn-berlin.de/u/58fa4e [Label with QR Code]”; ZMB (studied).

Material examined (n = 39 ♀♀, 29 ♂♂)

BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♀; “BRA, Bahia, Wenceslau Guimarães; Estação Ecológica ; 21 I 2011; Rede Entomológica P. Ferreira Leg.\ Epicharis cockerelli Friese, 1900 Det. F. F. de Oliveira & T. Mahlmann, 2012 \ Coletada na flor\ 64”; MZUFBA. – Goiás • 1 ♀; “ BRASIL. GO. Iporá; 07, Novembro. 2004.; Centofante & Martins; DSEC • 1 ♀; “ BRASIL. GO. Iporá; 12, Dezembro. 2004; Centofante & Martins ”; DSEC. – Maranhão • 1 ♀; “Maranhão, São Luís, Alumar ; 13/12/2002; Carvalho; 6476”; LEACOL. – Mato Grosso • 1 ♀; “ BRASIL, Mato Grosso. Tangará da Serra. Fazenda Aparecida da Serra ; 14º18’36.64”S 57º44’47.00”W; Cerrado Sentido Restrito; Malaise; 24-VII-2017. MLS Almeida.\ 141\ Epicharis cockerelli ♀ Det. T. Mahlmann. 2017 ”; INPA • 5 ♂♂; “ BRASIL, Mato Grosso. Tangará da Serra. Fazenda Aparecida da Serra ; 14º18’36.64”S 57º44’47.00”W; Cerrado Sentido Restrito; Malaise; 24-VII-2017. MLS Almeida.\ Epicharis cockerelli ♂ Det. T. Mahlmann. 2017 \ 144\ C3, G4, borda; 145\ C3, G4, borda; C4, G1, P 300 Cerrado. Nº503; C4, G3, Pborda Cerrado. Nº 504”; INPA. – Mato Grosso do Sul • 1 ♀; “ Expansão Min. Corumbaense Morraria ; 13618-40338\ Corumbá MS BRASIL; 10/12/2008; F.A. Silveira \ E. (Epicharitides) cockerelli Friese, 1900 F.A. Silveira , det. 2008”; DZMG. – Minas Gerais • 1 ♀; “ Brazil Estado de Minas Ger.\ Barbacena; 18.11.1905; Ducke \ Coleção Ducke\ MPEG-HYM 11130932 ”; MPEG • 1 ♂; “ Brazil Estado de Minas Ger. \ Barbacena; 18.11.1905; Ducke \ Coleção Ducke\ MPEG-HYM 11130930 ”; MPEG • 1 ♂; “ Brazil Estado de Minas Ger. \ Barbacena; 18.11.1905; Ducke \ Coleção Ducke\ MPEG-HYM 11130926 ”; MPEG • 1 ♂; “ Brazil Estado de Minas Ger. \ Barbacena; 18.11.1905; Ducke \ Coleção Ducke\ MPEG-HYM 11130927 ”; MPEG • 1 ♂; “ Brazil Estado de Minas Ger. \ Barbacena; 18.11.1905; Ducke \ Coleção Ducke\ MPEG-HYM 11130929 ”; MPEG • 1 ♀; “ Belo Horizonte MG BRASIL; 17/01/1996; F.A. Silveira \ Abelhas da Zona Metalúrgica MG Pq. Mangabeiras ; 0084-0330\ Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli FRIESE ♀ det. F. Silveira 1996”; DZMG • 1 ♀; “ Brasil, MG, Buenópolis Serra do Cabral ; 17°54’57.3”S, 44°25’23.7”W; 961m; 16.xii.2012; Em Flor; B.C. Figueredo UFMG IHY 1301524 \ Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli ( Friese, 1900) ♀ R.B. Martines, det. 2013”; DZMG • 1 ♀; “ Brasilândia MG BRASIL; 30/09/96; A.G. Damasceno \ Projeto Abelhas de Brasilândia; P. emarginatus 14:00–15:00\ Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli (FRIESE) ♀ F.A. Silveira. Det. 1997”; INPA • 1 ♂; “ Brasilândia MG BRASIL; 17/10/96; A.G. Damasceno \ Projeto Abelhas de Brasilândia; P. emarginatus 08:00–09:00\ Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli (FRIESE) ♂ F.A. Silveira. Det. 1997”; INPA • 1 ♂; “ Brasil, MG, Brumadinho ( Casa Branca ); 20°04’S 44°02’W; 19/12/2013; E.A.B.Almeida \ RPSP 14.0002 \ Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli Friese, 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2014”; RPSP • 1 ♀; “ Brasil, MG, Brumadinho Serra da Calçada ; 21°06.026’S 43°59.092W; 1450m; 20.12.2013; E. Almeida \ RPSP 14.0017 \ Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli Friese, 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2014”; RPSP • 1 ♂; “ Brasil, MG, Brumadinho ( Casa Branca ); 20°04’S 44°02’W; 19/12/2013; E.A.B. Almeida \ Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2014”; RPSP • 1 ♂; “Abelhas Espinhaço Pq. E. do Intendente ; 12332 – 36358\ Conceição do Mato Dentro MG BRASIL; 05/11/2005; A.A.Azevedo \ 25\ M”; DZMG • 1 ♂; “ Brasil, MG, Corinto Faz. Pau-Ferro ; S18°16’29.6”, W44°35’21,2”; 551m; 19.10.2013; Flor; F.V. Freitas UFMG IHY 1317064 \ Epicharis R.B. Martines , det 2013 ♂”; DZMG • 1 ♂; “ Brasil, MG, Corinto Faz. Pau-Ferro ; S18°16’29.6”, W44°35’21,2”; 551m; 19.10.2013; Flor; F.V. Freitas UFMG IHY 1317057 \ Epicharis R. B. Martines , det 2013 ♂ ”; DZMG • 1 ♂; “AbelhasCerrado Mannesmann Faz. Santa Cruz ; 5068–13932\ Felixlândia MG BRASIL; 19/10/1999; A.A. Azevedo ”; DZMG • 1 ♀; “ Brasil, MG, Francisco Dumont, Serra do Cabral ; 17°34’05.2” S, 44°19’28.3” W; 1052m; 21.xii.2012; Em Flor; B.C. Figueredo UFMG IHY 1301564 \ Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli ( Friese, 1900) ♀ R.B. Martines, det. 2013”; DZMG • 1 ♀; “ Olhos D’Agua MG BRASIL; 05/11/1998; F.A. Silveira \ Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli (Fr, 1900) ♀ F.A. Silveira, det. 1999”; DZMG • 1 ♀; “ PASSOS – MG Brasil; 20-25 XI-61; Claudionor Elias \ E. (Epicharitides) cockerelli Friese, 1900 Det. Moure, 1992 ”; RPSP • 1 ♀; “ Paraopeba, MG, Brasil; Data 05/11/1986; F.A. Silveira \ E. (Epicharitides) cockerelli Friese, 1900 Pe. J. S. Moure DET /87”; DZMG • 1 ♀; “ Sabará MG BRASIL; 14/01/1996; F.A. Silveira \ Abelhas da Zona Metalúrgica MG Clube A. Scharlé ; 0057- 0216\ Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli FRIESE det. F. Silveira 1996”; DZMG • 1 ♀; “ São Roque de Minas MG. Brasil. SF.; 23 46°25’W, 20°15’S \ Cerrado.; 12, 13/01/1992; Alt. 850. 1000m; Moure, Camargo, Serguei, Pedro, Leg\ 920615”; RPSP • 1 ♀; “ Serra do Salitre MG; 01/2001; AJC AGUIAR \ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ CEPANN N° 25115 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♀; “ Três Marias MG BRASIL; 09/11/1996; D.A. Yanega \ Est. Pirapitinga; 2971–8798\ ex Qualea parviflora \ Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli (Fr, 1900) ♀ F.A. Silveira, det. 1999”; DZMG • 1 ♀; “ BRAZIL Minas Gerais Est. Ecol. De Pirapitinga Lagoa Três Marias; 18°22’S, 45°19’W; 560m; 8-XI-1996; D. Yanega \ ex Qualea parviflora \ Epicharis sp. ♀ Det. A.H. Smith-Pardo\ Epicharis (Epicharitides) det. J.S. Ascher 2004\ Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli Friese, 1901 F. Vivallo Det. 2017 ”; AMNH. – São Paulo • 1 ♀; “ Araraquara; 22. 24. Marz 2; A. Seitz leg.\ ♀ Epicharis cockerelli Friese det. J.D. Alfken 1928\ Slg. Alfken”; ZMB • 1 ♀; “ CAJURU. SP. Brasil; 29-1-88; Mazucato 880318\ E. (Epicharitides) cockerelli Friese, 1900 Det. Moure, 1992 ”; RPSP • 1 ♀; “ Itirapina / SP Brasil; 7.XI.2007; fragmento Botelho Leg. I. Alves dos Santos \ em Paulicourea rigida \ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ CEPANN 39495 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♂; “ Itirapina / SP Brasil; 7.XI.2007; fragmento Botelho Leg. I. Alves dos Santos \ em Paulicourea rigida \ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ CEPANN 39497 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♂; “ Itirapina / SP Brasil; 7.XI.2007; fragmento Botelho Leg. I. Alves dos Santos \ em Paulicourea rigida \ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ CEPANN 39498 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♀; “ Itirapina / SP Brasil; 7.XI.2007; Leg. C.E. Pinto da Silva \ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ CEPANN 39496 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♀; “ Estação Ecol. De Jataí Luís Antônio / SP Brasil; 30.IV.1996; Leg. C. Pinheiro-Machado \ AT 735\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 Moure det. 1997\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ AT735; CEPANN N° 36726 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♀; “ Brasil, SP, Luis Antônio E.E. Jatai ; 28.X.1998; M.C. Gaglianone leg.\ Em Memora peregrine (Miers) Sand w. Bignoniaceae ”; RPSP • 1 ♀; “ Brasil, SP, Luiz Antônio, E.E. Jatai ; 21°33’18” S 47°42’16” W; 17.XII.1998; M.C. Gaglianone leg. Em Byrsonima intermedia ”; RPSP • 1 ♀; “ Brasil Jundiahy; 12–1902\ Epicharis cockerelli ♀ 1900 Friese det.\ Coleção Ducke\ MPEG-HYM 11130924 ”; MPEG • 1 ♂; “região de Luis Antônio / SP Brasil; 1996; Leg. C. Pinheiro-Machado \ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 Moure det. 1997\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ AT 677\ AT677; CEPANN N° 35561 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♀; “ Fragmento “Limoeiro” Luis Antônio / SP Brasil; 30.X.1996; Leg. C. Pinheiro-Machado \ AT 3291\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 Moure det. 1997\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ AT3291; CEPANN N° 36723 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♀; “região de Luis Antônio / SP Brasil; 1996; Leg. C. Pinheiro-Machado \ AT 752\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ AT752; CEPANN N° 36716 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♂; “ Itanhangá Ribeirão Preto, SP; 12/11/00; Leg. I. Alves dos Santos \ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ CEPANN 39291 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♀; “ Rio Claro; 1962\ Rio Claro SP-Brasil; 1962\ Epicharis cockerelli ♀\ Epicharis (Epicharitides) cfr. cockerelli Fr. Det. Camargo 1973 \ E. cockerelli ♀ ”; RPSP • 1 ♀; “Fragmento “Posto” Sta. Rita do P. Quatro / SP Brasil; 30.XI.1996; Leg. C. Pinheiro-Machado \ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 Moure det. 1997\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ AT 4474\ AT4474; CEPANN N° 36717 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♀; “ Fragmento “Posto” Sta. Rita do P. Quatro / SP Brasil; 18.XI.1996; Leg. C. Pinheiro-Machado \ P.nor.t 96023\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 Moure det. 1997\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ AT4473; CEPANN N° 36721 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♀; “ Fragmento “Posto ” Sta. Rita do P. Quatro / SP Brasil; 15. XII.1995; Leg. Pinheiro-Machado \ AT 742\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 Moure det. 1997\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ AT742; CEPANN N°35564 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♀; “ Pq. Est. de Vassununga Sta. Rita do P. Quatro / SP Brasil; 20.XII.1995; Leg. C. Pinheiro-Machado \ AT 659\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 Moure det. 1997\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ AT659; CEPANN N° 36719 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♀; “ Pq. Est. de Vassununga Sta. Rita do P. Quatro / SP Brasil; 15.XI.1996; Leg. C. Pinheiro-Machado \ X69 GnovI\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 Moure det. 1997\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ AT3454; CEPANN N° 36727 ”; CEPANN • 1 ♂; “ IBUSP , São Paulo, SP IBUSP Brasil; 27 11 1985; Col: Darakjian, A B / 10:00/P31\ ♂\ Epicharis (E.) cockerelli Friese 1900 F. Vivallo det. 2008\ CEPANN N° 14000 ”; CEPANN. – Without information • 1 ♀; “ 735 Michelin-Casc . V6; 09/01/2008; 10:00-11:00; Byrsonima sericea Rosa ; J.F.”; MZUFBA.

Morphology

Female ( Fig. 1A–B )

MEASUREMENTS. Approximate body length: 15.1 (15.2–14.8). Head width: 4.7 (4.8–4.5). Mesosoma width: 5.6 (5.7–5.5). Metasoma width: 5.5 (5.6–5.3). Forewing length: 10.5 (10.7–10.4).

COLORATION. Integument predominantly black, except light brown on ventral apically surfaces of F1 and F2–F5, dark reddish brown on mandible and legs. Yellowish maculae as follows: longitudinal line on paraocular area near to the ocular orbit of compound eye, from the alveolar tangent to the lower paraocular area, broader on lower area; small spot on apex of ventral surface of scape and on supraclypeal area; longitudinal line along the clypeal disc; on basal half of labrum, emarginated medially; a faint spot on malar area and anterior basal margin of mandible; small spot at base of dorsal surface of fore tibia; a weak spot on anterior margin of tegula; an irregular stripe on lateral sides of T1 that extends towards the disc interrupted medially; an elliptical and irregular shape on lateral sides of T2–T5, longer than wide on T2 and wider than long on T3–T5, interrupted basally; an elliptical shape on lateroanterior margins of S2–S5. Tegula reddish brown. Wings translucent with veins reddish brown. Tarsi reddish brown.

PUBESCENCE. Mostly whitish. Hairs dark brown to black on clypeal disc, labrum basally, lower margin of mandible, ventral area of mesosoma, dorsal surface of fore and middle legs, and on discs of T2‒T6. Black and whitish hairs intermixed giving a grayish aspect on lower gena, paraocular area, vertex and towards distal margins of S3‒S6. Ferruginous on ventral surface of hind tibia and basitarsus. Long, decumbent and simple hairs (3‒6 × OD) towards lateral margins of clypeus, lower paraocular area, apical area of labrum, apex of acetabular sulcus, lower margin of mandible and lower gena. Frons, paraocular area and vertex with long, scattered simple hairs (3‒5× OD) with short, dense and plumose hairs intermixed (3‒1× OD). Gena and occipital area with short, dense and plumose hairs, denser towards lower area. Long, dense and plumose hairs on mesosoma (3‒4 × OD), sparser and shorter on pronotum and longer on mesepisternum. Ventral surface with long, coarse and simple hairs mainly on coxae. Disc of T1 with long, scattered and plumose hairs (3‒4 × OD). T2 and T3 covered with short, appressed pubescence; preapical margins of T4 and T5 with long, decumbent and simple hairs (3‒6 × OD). Median distal margin of T5 with plumose hairs. Long, decumbent, dense and simple hairs mostly on apical margins of sterna (4‒6 × OD), denser on lateral sides.

SCULPTURE SURFACE. Areolate on clypeal disc and apical area of labrum. Fine and uniform punctation on vertex (1‒2× puncture width), denser and coarser on frons and paraocular area. Fine and scattered punctures on upper gena (2‒4× puncture width), denser on lower gena and occipital area near to occipital carina. Mesosoma with fine and uniform punctation (2‒3× puncture width), denser towards axila and tegula. Weakly imbricate on metasoma and smooth on preapical areas of T4 and T5.

STRUCTURES. Head slightly broader than long (1.1–1: 1). Ratio of upper and lower interocular distances: 0.8–0.9: 1. Maximum interocular distance shorter than length of compound eye (0.6–0.8: 1). Clypeus broader than long (1.4–1.3: 1) with length almost equal to clypeocellar distance (1.05–1: 1). Labrum slightly longer than broad (1.1: 1). Interalveolar distance longer than alveolorbital distance (2.1–1.9: 1). Interalveolar distance shorter than alveolocellar distance (0.6–0.7: 1). Lateral ocelli above the upper supraorbital tangent. Interocellar distance slightly longer than ocellocular distance (1.05: 1). Frontal carina extending from alveolar tangent (2.6–2.4 × OD). Length of F1 longer than the summed length of F2 and F3, and shorter than length of F2–F4 (0.8–0.7: 0.6–0.7: 0.9–1). Vertex at the same level of the upper supraorbital tangent. Clypeal disc with conspicuous carinae and epistomal suture poorly defined. Mesoscutellum rounded in lateral view.

VARIATION. Some specimens from Corumbá, Mato Grosso State and Araraquara, São Paulo State have the whitish pubescence more developed on middle and hind femur, and at lateral sides of metasoma; macula on apex of fore tibia absent; ferruginous hairs surrounding tegula and hypoepimeral lobe; tegula dark yellow to reddish brown (as in the holotype). A specimen from Mato Grosso State, Brazil, was identified as belonging to this species because it has all the features cited above, however, it also has a faint macula on lateral sides of mesoscutellum, not observed in other specimens studied.

Male ( Fig. 1C–D )

As the female, except as follows:

MEASUREMENTS. Approximate body length: 14.7 (14.9–14.5). Head width: 4.5 (4.6–4.3). Mesosoma width: 5.4 (5.7–5.3). Metasoma width: 5.5 (5.7–5.4). Forewing length: 10.4 (10.4–10.2).

COLORATION. Legs, lateral sides of T1 and S1 reddish brown. Yellow maculae as follows: on paraocular area from alveolar tangent to lower paraocular area; at ventral surface of scape, pedicel and basal half of F1, an irregular triangle on clypeal disc that extends from lower to upper margin and on corners of lateral sides; on supraclypeal and malar areas; at labrum, and on most of mandible except apex. Irregular spot on basal dorsal surface of fore and middle tibia, most of fore and middle coxae and trochanters; wide irregular stripes on T1–T6, narrower medially; irregular spot on lateral sides of S2–S6.

PUBESCENCE. Predominantly yellowish on occipital area, lower gena and dorsal surface of mesosoma. Mostly whitish on lateral sides of mesosoma and metasoma ventrally, and legs.

SURFACE SCULPTURE. Clypeal disc weakly areolate. Coarser punctation on upper paraocular area and frons. Punctation on dorsum of mesosoma finer and sparser (2–5× puncture width).

STRUCTURES. Head broader than long (1.2–1.1: 1). Ratio of upper and lower interocular distances: 0.8– 0.9: 1. Maximum interocular distance shorter than length of compound eye (0.7–0.8: 1). Clypeus broader than long (2.3–2.1: 1) with length shorter than clypeocellar distance (0.8: 1). Labrum as long as width (1: 1). Interalveolar distance longer than alveolorbital distance (1.5–1.4: 1). Lateral ocelli above the upper supraorbital tangent. Interocellar distance longer than ocellocular distance (1.2–1.1: 1). Frontal carina extending from alveolar tangent to near median ocellus (1.6–1.5× OD). Length of F1 shorter than F2 (0.8: 1), F2 slightly shorter than F3 (0.9: 1) and F3 with the same length of F4 (1: 1), (0.6–0.7: 0.8–0.9: 1). Clypeal carinae well-defined. Epistomal suture inconspicuous. Malar area sub-rectangular. Apical tooth about twice as long as preapical tooth. Middle trochanter conical. Hind femur and tibia robust. Anterior and posterior surfaces of hind basitarsus curved.

VARIATION. Most variation is related to the configuration of the yellow maculae: on most part of the clypeal disc or restricted to basal half; on entire dorsal surface of mandible or except at apex; spot on apex of fore and middle tibiae faint or nearly absent; maculae on dorsal surface of middle coxa, distitarsus and claws. These variations are more evident in some specimens from Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo States.

Type locality

BRAZIL: São Paulo: Jundiaí.

Distribution ( Fig. 10 )

BRAZIL: Maranhão: São Luís*. Rondônia: Vilhena ( Gaglianone 2001). Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães ( Gaglianone 2001), Cáceres*, Tangará da Serra*. Bahia: Parque Nacional Chapada Diamantina ( Aguiar et al. 2017b), Palmeiras ( Aguiar et al. 2017b, 2018), Rio de Contas*, Wenceslau Guimarães*. Goiás: Iporá*, Catalão ( Sá et al. 2016). Distrito Federal: Brasília ( Oliveira & Gibbs 2000; Cappellari 2011). Minas Gerais: Brasilândia de Minas*, Curral de Dentro ( Azevedo et al. 2008), Francisco Dumont*, Olhos-d’Água*, Buenópolis*, Corinto*, Três Marias*, Diamantina ( Azevedo et al. 2008), Felixlândia*, Uberlândia ( Consolaro 2004; Vilhena & Augusto 2007; Carvalho & Oliveira 2010; Cardoso et al. 2017; Vilhena et al. 2012), Serra do Salitre*, Conceição do Mato Dentro*, Paraopeba*, Ibiá ( Gaglianone 2001), Lagõa Santa ( Schrottky 1902b), Uberaba ( Gaglianone 2001), Tapira ( Gaglianone 2001), São Roque de Minas ( Gaglianone 2001), Belo Horizonte*, Sabará*, Parque Estadual da Serra do Rola-Moça ( Azevedo et al. 2008; Martins et al. 2012). Brumadinho*, Passos ( Gaglianone 2001), Jacuí ( Gaglianone 2001), Barbacena*, Varginha ( Gaglianone 2001), Poços de Caldas ( Gaglianone 2001). Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá*, Campo Grande ( Oliveira et al. 2007), Dourados ( Lima & Silvestre 2016). Rio de Janeiro: Reserva Biológica União ( Menezes 2011). São Paulo: Pedregulho ( Gaglianone 2001; Gaglianone et al. 2011), Patrocínio Paulista ( Gaglianone 2001; Gaglianone et al. 2011), Batatais ( Gaglianone 2001; Gaglianone et al. 2011), Ribeirão Preto ( Gaglianone et al. 2011), Cajuru ( Pedro 1994; Gaglianone 2001; Gaglianone et al. 2011), Luiz Antônio ( Mateus 1998; Gaglianone 2001; Gaglianone et al. 2011), Santa Rita do Passa Quatro ( Pinto 2013), Parque Estadual Vassununga ( Andena et al. 2012), Araraquara*, Pirassununga ( Almeida 2002; Anacleto & Marchini 2005), Corumbataí ( Andena et al. 2005), Itirapina ( Gaglianone et al. 2011; Pinto 2013), Rio Claro ( Kerr & Cunha 1976; Gaglianone 2001; Gaglianone et al. 2011), Botucatu ( Gottsberger 1986; Gottsberger & Silberbauer-Gottsberger 1988), Campinas ( Schrottky 1902a), Jataí ( Mateus 1998; Gaglianone 2003; Pinto 2013), Jundiaí ( Friese 1900; Friese 1901; Schrottky 1902a), São Paulo ( Moure 1945b), Ipiranga ( Schrottky 1902a), São Sebastião ( Gaglianone 2001; Gaglianone et al. 2011). Paraná: Tuneiras do Oeste ( Sorreque 2016), Jaguariaíva ( Almeida & Laroca 2013). BOLIVIA: La Paz: Yungas*.

Comments

Epicharis cockerelli is the species of the subgenus most commonly found in collections. It also has the highest number of floral records, probably due to its easy identification or by its polylectic behavior (See table 1). It occurs mainly in southeastern Brazil, with records in the States of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. Its northernmost record is in Bahia State ( Silveira et al. 2002). However, our results suggest a wider distribution, which extends to the northwest (São Luís, Maranhão State) and to the west with several records in the Brazilian States of Mato Grosso and Rondônia, and in the city of La Paz, Bolivia.

Figures

Fig. 1. Epicharis (Epicharitides) cockerelli Friese, 1900. A–B. Female (Brazil: Passos; DZMG). A. Head, frontal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C–D. Male (Brazil: Passos; DZMG). C. Head, frontal view. D. Habitus, lateral view. Scale bars: A, C = 1 mm; B, D = 5 mm.

Fig. 10. Distribution records for Epicharis cockerelli Friese, 1900, E. duckei Friese, 1901 and E. iheringi Friese, 1899. Symbols with a cross represent records from literature.