Dissochaeta pulchra (Korth.) J.F.Maxwell, Gard. Bull. Singapore 33: 318. 1980.

Kartonegoro, Abdulrokhman, Veldkamp, Jan Frits, Hovenkamp, Peter & Welzen, Peter van, 2018, A revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae, Dissochaeteae), PhytoKeys 107, pp. 1-178 : 1

43. Dissochaeta pulchra (Korth.) J.F.Maxwell, Gard. Bull. Singapore 33: 318. 1980. Fig. 24 , Map 22

Dalenia pulchra Korth. in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: tab. 58, 1842.

Dalenia speciosa Korth. in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 244. 1844, nom. superfl. Type: based on Dalenia pulchra Korth.

Dalenia korthalsii Blume, Mus. Bot. 1(3): 39. 1849, nom. superfl. Type: based on Dalenia pulchra Korth.

Anplectrum macrophyllum Ridl., Kew Bull. 1: 31. 1946. Type: Malaysia. Sarawak: Baram, Pata River, Nov 1894, C. Hose 478 (lectotype, designated here: K [K000859569]!; isolectotypes: BM!, E [E00288103, E00288104]!, K [K000859570]!, L [L0537213]!, P [P02274828, image seen]!, PNH [PNH24835, image seen], SING n.v.).

Type.

Indonesia. Central Kalimantan: Kapoeas-Barito, Tewe Rivier, P.W. Korthals s.n. (lectotype, designated here: L [L0537210]!; isolectotypes: L [L0537211, L0729471, L0729472, L0729473]!, P [P02274827, image seen]!).

Description.

Climbing up to 13 m in height; branchlets terete, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous, smooth; nodes swollen, with pulvinate interpetiolar ridge, crest-like or laminar up to 5 mm wide, dark purple; internodes 11.5-15 cm long. Leaves: petioles flattened, 15-25 mm long, glabrous; blades ovate to suborbicular, 14-20 × 8.5-13 cm, membranous, base broadly cordate, margin slightly serrulate, apex acuminate, tip 1.5-2 cm long; nervation with 2 pairs of lateral nerves and 1 pair of intramarginal nerves; adaxially glabrous, abaxially glabrous and partially scabrid, with a pair of glandular patches at base. Inflorescences terminal, up to 25 cm long, many-flowered; main axis angular, glabrous, purplish-blue; primary axes up to 13 cm long with 4 or 5 nodes, secondary axes 1-3 cm long with 1 or 2 nodes, tertiary axes 0.5-1 cm long with 1 node; bracts lanceolate, 6-10 mm long, furfuraceous, caducous; bracteoles subulate, 1-2 mm long; pedicels glabrous, 5-7 mm long in central flowers, 2-5 mm long in lateral flowers. Hypanthium campanulate-tubular, 8-9 × 3-4 mm, glabrous, purplish; calyx lobes truncate with undulate tips, 1-2 mm long, forming thin calyptra enveloping petal buds, calyptra conical, up to 8 mm long, with acute tip, glabrous, purple; petal buds conical, 4-6 mm long; mature petals ovate, 8-12 × 7-8 mm, reflexed, apex acute, base clawed, glabrous, white or white pinkish. Stamens 8, subequal, filaments curved sideways, white; alternipetalous stamens with 6-7 mm long filaments, anthers narrow, curved, sickle-shaped, thecae 8-10 mm long, bright yellow, pedoconnective ca. 0.5 mm long or undeveloped, basal crest thin, triangular or ligular, 0.8-1 mm long, lateral appendages paired, filiform, 1-2 mm long; oppositipetalous stamens with 6-7 mm long filaments, anthers S-shaped, thecae 7-8 mm long, thick, yellow, basal crest ligular or spur-like, ca. 0.5 mm long, lateral appendages paired, small auricles or bifid, ca. 1 mm long. Ovary half as long as hypanthium, apex glabrous; style slender, 12-14 mm long, reddish, turning white apically, glabrous; stigma minute, purple; extra-ovarial chambers 8, the 4 alternipetalous ones extending nearly to the base of the ovary, the 4 oppositipetalous ones extending to the middle of the ovary. Fruits ovoid-urceolate, 9-10 × ca. 7 mm, glabrous, blue-violet; calyx lobe remnants persistent, widened. Seeds ca. 0.75 mm long.

Distribution.

Borneo.

Ecology and habitat.

Primary or secondary forest, low montane forest, river banks in riparian forest at 80-1000 m elevation.

Vernacular names.

dangkong (kadazan putatan); buak penan (Kenyah); kunceng badak gaka (Tunjung Benua).

Notes.

1. Dissochaeta pulchra is easily recognised by its thin, glabrous, ovate-suborbicular leaf blade with minutely serrulate margin; all other species have entire margins. The crest-like interpetiolar ridge is similar to D. stipularis and D. pubescens , but there are differences in shape and number of the fertile stamens. This species also has abaxially glandular patches at the base of the leaves similar to D. beccariana , D. glabra , D. glandulosa and D. laevis .

2. The epithet pulchra is considered as a valid name for the species as it is based on Korthals’ plate 58, published in 1842, two years earlier than the description in which the epithet speciosa was used (Korthals 1844, Nayar 1966). Blume (1849) tried to settle the matter by giving a new name, D. korthalsii to the species. It follows that D. speciosa and D. korthalsii are both superfluous names under the Code and are therefore illegitimate. Both D. pulchra and D. speciosa have been used by various authors, but D. speciosa appears to have been the most widely used ( Nayar 1966).

Specimens examined.

MALAYSIA. Sabah: Beaufort, Gunung Lumaku, 300 m. 5 Mar 1969, H.P. Nooteboom 1138 (L); Ibid., 6 Mar 1969, H.P. Nooteboom 1198 (L); Ibid., Halogilat, 10 May 1973, Dewol & Karim SAN 77594 (L); Ibid., Rayoh, 15 Aug 1972, Saikeh SAN 72234 (L); Beluran, Bukit Luminitong, 11 Mar 1982, Aban Gibot SAN 94467 (L); Kalabakan, Gunong Rara, 488 m, 15 Apr 1972, Chow SAN 75687 (L); Keningau, Pinangah FR, 24 Sep 1985, Asik Mantor SAN 110269 (K); Ibid., Imbak River, 200 m, 6 Jul 2000, W.J.J.O. de Wilde, M. Tajudin & Good SAN 143924 (K); Lahad Datu, Ulu Sungai Bole, 1 Mar 1988, Dewol Sundaling et al. SAN 123756 (L); Nabawan, Sungai Pingas-Pingas, 27 May 1986, Fidilis & Asik SAN 115864 (L); Pensiangan, Ponontomon, 19 Aug 1994, Asik Mantor SAN 139507 (L); Ranau, Kampung Monggis, 23 Feb 1998, M. Rumutom 473 (K); Ibid., Telupid, Tampias, 14 Dec 1974, Aban & Kodoh SAN 81101 (L); Sandakan, Telupid-Ranau Road, 91 m, 15 Aug 1978, L. Madani SAN 89206 (L); Sipitang, Muruk Miau, 175 m, 27 Apr 1997, J. Kulip et al. SAN 133876 (L); Tenom, near Pangi, 150 m, 23 Dec 1968, S. Kokawa & M. Hotta 2603 (L); Ibid., Gunong Lumaku, 12 Sep 1991, Maikin et al. SAN 132681 (L); Ibid., Crocker Range, Rayoh, 26 Sep 1974, Dewol & Karim SAN 78319 (L); Tongod, Maliau Valley, 250 m, 16 Jul 2001, M. Postar, et al. SAN 144145 (L). Sarawak: Balleh, Ulu Mujong, Sungai Sebatang, 18 Apr 1964, Othman bin Haron S.21105 (BO, L); Baram, Pata River, Nov 1894, C. Hose 478 (BM, L, P, PNH); Ibid., Selungo, 25 Nov 1914, Native Collector 2819 (PNH); Ibid., Tinjar River, Sg. Bok, Long Teru, 50-100 m, 10 Mar 1969, M. Hotta 6113 (L); Belaga, Linau, Sg. Bunut, 3 Nov 1982, B. Lee S.45415 (L); Ibid., Ulu Belaga, Sungai Semawat, 250 m, 17 Oct 1981, C. Hansen 670 (L); Ibid., Bukit Kuang, 900 m, 8 Mar 1989, P.C. Yii S.56571 (L); Ibid., Sungai Berangan, 600 m, 18 Aug 1995, J.T. Pereira et al 246 (L); Ibid., Batu Laga, 600 m, 24 Jun 1995, Lai et al. S.72466 (K); Ibid., Sungai Murum, 14 Aug 2001, Yahud S.84494 (L); Kapit, Upper Rejang River, 1929, J. Clemens & M.S. Clemens 21140 (BO); Ibid., J. Clemens & M.S. Clemens 21579 (BO); Ibid., Batang Baleh, Sungai Serani, 200 m, 5 May 1991, Runi, et al. S.63183 (K, L); Ibid., Ulu Balui, 100-500 m, 17 Aug 1995, J.B. Sugau 165B (L); Maputi, 21 Jun 1955, W.M.A. Brooke 10091 (BM, L); Marudi, Bok-Tisam, Bukit Mentagai, 122 m, 10 May 1965, Sibat ak Luang S.23280 (L); Ibid., Pulong Tau National Park, Long Lobang River, R.P. de Kok et al. S.97859 (K). BRUNEI. Temburong: Kuala Belalong, Batu Apoi Forest Reserve, 20 Nov 1991, C. Hansen 1593 (L); Ibid., Bukit Gelagas, 350 m, 20 Oct 1991, D.A. Simpson & M. Marsh 2510 (L). INDONESIA. Central Kalimantan: Tewe River, P.W. Korthals s.n. (L, P). East Kalimantan: Sungai Bocleng, 1898, Amdjah 115 (BO); Pamaluan, L.M.R. Rutten 103 (U); West Kutai, Long Gemelei, 200 m, 28 Aug 1925, F.H. Endert 2933 (BO, L); Ibid., Long Puhus, 80 m, 9 Aug 1925, F.H. Endert 2425 (BO, L); Ibid., Mahakam Ulu, Hulu Riam Halo, 100 m, 28 Jun 1975, H. Wiriadinata 691 (BO); Ibid., Tabang, 160 m, 20 Dec 1980, M. Kato & H. Wiriadinata B-7131 (BO, L); Ibid., Gunung Kongkat–Gunung Kongbotak, 29 Jan 1981, M. Kato & H. Wiriadinata B-5202 (L); Kutai National Park, Kayu Mas, 130 m, 25 Jul 1986, S. Tagawa, E. Suzuki & S. Miyagi 077 (BO); Ibid., 200 m, 19 Aug 1986, S. Tagawa, E. Suzuki & S. Miyagi 587 (BO); Balikpapan, Kenangan, 700 m, 13 Aug 1974, J. Dransfield 4414 (BO, L); Sangkulirang, Karangan River, Batu Pondong, 100 m, 3 Sep 1957, A.J.G.H. Kostermans 13690 (BO, L); Sebulu, 28 Dec 1978, G. Murata et al. B-587 (BO); Ibid., G. Murata et al. B-600 (BO, L); Kenangan, PT ITCI Area, 100 m, 1 Mar 1991, K. Sidiyasa 719 (K, L); Berau, Inhutani I area, 175 m, 6 Oct 1996, P.J.A. Kessler et al. Berau 128A (L); Sungai Nakan, 13 Jun 1986, Arbainsyah AA1921 (BO). North Kalimantan: Long Bawan, Krayan, 1100 m, 28 Jul 1981, M. Kato, M. Okamoto & E.B. Walujo B-10052 (BO, L); Bulungan, Seturan River, 200 m, 5 Oct 1999, Ismail & Z. Arifin BRF 1714 (BO); Malinau, Pujungan, Kayan Mentarang National Park, 1000 m, 24 Jul 1992, J.A. McDonald & Ismail 3600 (BO, L); Ibid., 200-500 m, 5 Apr 2002, M. Koizumi & Lalo 317 (BO, L); Ulu Sebuku, Aug 1912, Amdjah 404 (BO, L). South Kalimantan: Tabalong, 750 m, 6 Jul 2000, K. Sidiyasa & Z. Arifin 2010 (L). West Kalimantan: Sungai Blu’u, 1896, Jaheri 1104 (BO); Penigin, 1896, Jaheri 330 (BO).

Figures

Map 22. Distribution of D. pallida (●) and D. pulchra (■).

Figure 24. Dissochaeta pulchra a habit b branchlet c leaf node d infrutescence / inflorescence e flower. Photographs by J. Henrot.