Discocyrtanus bugre, Kury, Adriano B. & Carvalho, Rafael N., 2016

Kury, Adriano B. & Carvalho, Rafael N., 2016, Revalidation of the Brazilian genus Discocyrtanus, with description of two new species (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae: Pachylinae), Zootaxa 4111 (2), pp. 126-144 : 128-135

Discocyrtanus bugre sp. nov.

( Figs. 1 c–e, 2a, 3a–c, 5, 6)

Type data. 1 ♂ holotype 1 ♀ paratype ( MNRJ 02400), Brazil, MT, Barra dos Bugres, Estação Ecológica Serra das Araras—SEMA, 3–9.xii.1988, Pereira, M. C. B.; Caetano, C. A. & Caramaschi, U. leg.; 3 ♂ 6 juv. paratypes ( MNRJ 04345), Brazil, MT, Chapada dos Guimarães, 21.ii.2000, Giupponi, A. P. L. leg.; 1 ♂ paratype ( MNRJ 04824), Brazil, MT, Chapada dos Guimarães, 28.iv.2001, Wienskoski, E. H. leg.; 1 ♂ 2 ♀ paratypes ( MNRJ 04913), Brazil, MT, Chapada dos Guimarães, Rio Coxipozinho, in rotten logs, 19.ii.1983, Froelich, E. leg.; 11 ♂ 13 ♀ 4 juv. paratypes ( MNRJ 0 8598, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ subsampled as MACN-Ar 36325), Brazil, MT, Chapada dos Guimarães, Chapada Aventura (-15.44788° -055.77348°), 28.iii.2015, Chagas Jr, A. & Kury, A. B. leg.; 5 ♂ 11 ♀ paratypes ( UFMT 772), Brazil, MT, Santo Antônio do Leverger, São Vicente ( UFMT), ii.2013, Neves, G. A. P. C.; 5 ♂ 5 ♀ 1 juv. paratypes ( UFMT 774), Brazil, MT, Chapada dos Guimarães, Chapada Aventura, 23.viii.2014, Chagas-Jr, A.; Karam, M. G.; Alvarenga, V.; Paim, T.; Machado, I I. C.; Campos, A. C. & Samara, C.; 5 ♂ 7 ♀ paratypes ( UFMT 775), Brazil, MT, Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, Córrego Cabeceiras, Projeto São Francisco, Mineração Apoená, -14.84011, -59,66913, 02–04.ix.2013, Ribeiro, R. A. K.; 1 ♀ paratype ( UFMT 782), Brazil, MT, Chapa dos Guimarães, próximo à Aldeia Velha, -15.429, -55.80851, 01.iii.2014, Chagas-Jr, A.; Marques, C.; Nonato, G. A. S.; 1 ♂ paratype ( UFMT 788), Brazil, MT, Chapada dos Guimarães, Chapada Aventura, 02.vii.2014, Paim, T. S; 5 ♂ 11 ♀ paratypes ( UFMT 772), Brazil, MT, Santo Antônio do Leverger, São Vicente ( UFMT), ii.2013, Neves, G. A. P. C.

Etymology. Species name is a noun in apposition derived from the type locality Barra dos Bugres. Bugre is a derogatory name given to several indigenous groups of Brazil meaning “pagan” or “not Christian”, deriving from old French bougre meaning “heretic”, from medieval Latin bulgarus.

Diagnosis. Area III with a pair of paramedian rounded acuminate tubercles (high compared to D. goyazius , D. pertenuis comb. nov. and D. oliverioi comb. nov. and sharper than D. tocantinensis sp. nov.) ( Fig. 3 b), slightly curved backwards ( Fig. 5 b). Area IV with transverse row of 3 rounded tubercles (larger and higher in comparison to D. goyazius , D. pertenuis comb. nov. and D. oliverioi comb. nov.; Fig. 5 a). Tr IV of ♂ with prodorsal distal apophysis as a stout hook ( Fig. 3 c); Fe IV retrolateral proximal of ♂ with 2 spatulated spines, what does not occur in the other Discocyrtanus ; Fig. 5 e); Fe IV proventral distal with row of 7 spatulate spines (iiiIIIi; Figs 5 d, f).

Distribution. BRAZIL: MT, Barra dos Bugres; Chapada dos Guimarães; Santo Antônio do Leverger; Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade.

Description. Male holotype. Measurements. CW 4.0, CL 2.5; AW 7.9, AL 4.1. Leg measurements on Table 1 , tarsal counts on Table 2 .

Dorsum: Dorsal scutum almost as long as wide, abdominal scutum with lateral margins strongly convex, widest at area II and highest at area III ( Fig. 5 a). Carapace with several tubercles on posterior region, with a pair of paramedian darker contrasting larger tubercles ( Fig. 5 a). Cheliceral sockets shallow, with a small apophysis in the center. Eye mound elliptical, high, inclined frontwards, placed in the middle of the carapace, armed with a pair of divergent high spines fused at baseline and inclined frontwards ( Figs 5 b–c). Mesotergum divided into four clearly defined areas. Areas I and IV divided into left and right halves by median groove. Area II anterior lateral border invading space of area I and posterior lateral border invading the space of area III. AS lateral borders with ordinary tubercles from area II backwards. All areas with many tubercles (darker than the background), area I with a pair of paramedian tubercles a little higher than the others, area III with a pair of paramedian rounded sharped higher tubercles slightly curved backwards ( Figs 5 b, 3b). Area IV with horizontal row of 3 rounded tubercles, twice as high as the others. Posterior border of dorsal scutum and free tergites with a horizontal row of rounded tubercles.

Venter: Cx I–III parallel to each other; each with ventral transverse rows of 8–13 setiferous tubercles (Cx I main row with higher and sharper tubercles). Cx IV much larger than the others, directed obliquely. Stigmatic area Y-shaped, clearly sunken relative to distal part of coxa IV. Intercoxal bridges well marked. Stigmata clearly visible. Free sternites and anal operculum each with one transverse row of small tubercles.

Chelicera: Basichelicerite elongate, bulla well marked, with marginal setiferous tubercles—3 ectal, 3 posterior, 1 mesal; hand not swollen ( Fig. 5 a).

Pedipalpus: Tr with 3 dorso-median setiferous tubercles. Fe with 1 meso-distal and 1 ventro-basal tubercles. Pa unarmed. Ti with two rows of setiferous tubercles; four (IiII) ventro-mesal and four (IiIi) ventro-ectal of which the two distal are geminated. Ta with two rows of setiferous tubercles; three (III) ventro-mesal and four (IiIi) ventroectal.

Legs: Tr I–III each with several ventral tubercles. Fe I and II straight. Fe I and Ti I with proventral and retroventral distal row of small tubercles. Fe II with a little retrodorsal distal tubercle, not forming a spur. Fe III sub-straight. Fe III and Ti III with proventral and retroventral distal row of acuminated tubercles. Fe III and Mt III with a well-developed retrodorsal distal spur. Ti III proventral and retroventral with row of acuminated tubercles. Posterior border of Cx IV not reaching posterior border of dorsal scutum. Cx IV with 1) a prolateral apical thick falciform apophysis, moderately elongate, with small accessory blunt branch and 2) a retroventral spiniform apophysis. Cx IV prodorsal, prolateral and proventral each with rows of tubercles. Tr IV with retrolateral row of 4 spines (IiiI). Tr IV with distal prodorsal bifurcated apophysis, proximal branch reduced; distal portion with a stout hook. Fe IV curved from the medial region toward retrolateral. Tr IV with a retrolateral distal spine. Tr IV ventral with several tubercles along its entire length. Fe IV retrolateral with row of 8 spines (IIIiiiii) in the proximal half, the spines 1 and 2 are spatulate, and the spine 3 well-developed, conical and straight ( Figs 5 d, e, f). Fe IV retrodorsal ending with a well-developed spur ( Fig. 5 d). Fe IV proventral medial-distal with row of 7 spatulate spines (iiiIIIi; Figs 5 d, f). Fe IV proximal dorsal with row of 6 conical spines (IIIIii; Figs 5 e–f). Fe IV prodorsal and prolateral with row of small tubercles. Fe IV ventral and retroventral proximal-distal with rounded tubercles. Pa IV spiny in dorsal view. Pa IV proventral and retroventral proximal-distal with row of acuminate tubercles, proventral higher. Ti IV prodorsal, prolateral, proventral, retroventral, retrodorsal and retrolateral with rows of acuminate tubercles. Ti IV proventral and retroventral distal with spur.

Color (in vivo, Figs. 1 , c–e). Dorsal scutum background Deep Reddish Brown (41) with darker shading especially in lateral areas and carapace. Smaller granules of scutum considerably lighter, main paramedian tubercles of area III are darker. Larger rounded tubercles of lateral area Moderate Reddish Orange (37). Scutal grooves lighter, Grayish Reddish Orange (39). Articular membranes white. Chelicerae and pedipalps Deep yellowish Brown (75). Legs I to III Grayish Yellowish Brown (80) with darker reticle, especially so in leg III. Leg IV Blackish Purple (230), except for tips of larger apophyses of Cx, Tr and Fe, which are Moderate Reddish Orange (37) and the rest of Cx-Tr which are like the dorsal scutum.

Color (in alcohol). Dorsal scutum background Deep Orange Yellow (69) with darker shading especially in lateral areas and carapace. Smaller granules of scutum and main paramedian tubercles of area III are considerably darker. Larger rounded tubercles of lateral area only slightly lighter than background. Articular membranes white. Chelicerae and pedipalps background Strong Yellow (84) with dense Dark Yellowish Brown (78) honeycombed reticle. Legs I to III Moderate Greenish Yellow (102) with darker reticle, especially so in leg III. Leg IV Dark Olive Brown (96), except for tips of larger apophyses of Cx, Tr and Fe, which are Dark Greenish Yellow (103) and the rest of Cx-Tr which are like the dorsal scutum.

Female paratype (MNRJ 2400): CW 3.5, CL 2.3; AW 6.2, AL 3.4. Side of the dorsal scutum edges with lower level of concavity compared to male. Cx IV with acuminate prodorsal apophysis. Cx IV ending distally at the area II of dorsal scutum. Fe IV thinner and less curve when compared to male. No spines on Fe IV, only the spore retrolateral distal.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Discocyrtanus spp. Living specimens. a – b. Discocyrtanus pertenuis comb. nov., males and females, from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. c – e. Discocyrtanus bugre sp. nov., one female, two males, from Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Photos a – b, courtesy Pedro Martins (UFMG). Photos c – e by A. B. Kury.

FIGURE 3. Discocyrtanus spp., some external diagnostic features for ♂ specimens. Respectively: ocularium, frontal view; armature of scutal area III, posterior view and trochanter IV, prodistal view: a – c. Discocyrtanus bugre sp. nov.; d – f. Discocyrtanus goyazius; g – i. Discocyrtanus oliverioi comb. nov.; j – l. Discocyrtanus pertenuis comb. nov.; m – o. Discocyrtanus tocantinensis sp. nov.

FIGURE 5. Discocyrtanus bugre sp. nov., ♂ holotype (MNRJ 2400): a. Habitus, dorsal view; b. Same, lateral view; c. Ocularium, frontal view; d. Right femur IV, dorsal view; e. Same, retrolateral view; f. Same, ventral view; g. Same, prolateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Tables

TABLE 1. Leg measurements of Discocyrtanus bugre sp. nov., male holotype.

Tr	Fe	Pa	Ti	Mt	Ta	Total
Leg I 0.8	3.9	1.3	2.8	4.2	2.2	15.2
Leg II 1.2	7.2	1.6	6.6	8.8	4.7	30.1
Leg III 1.3	6.7	1.9	6.2	4.3	2.4	22.8
Leg IV 2.3	8.6	2.4	6.4	9.7	2.8	32.2

TABLE 2. Tarsal counts of Discocyrtanus bugre sp. nov., male holotype and paratypes.

	Males n=17	Females n=15
Leg I	6(3)	6(3)
Leg II	9–10(3)	9–10(3)
Leg III	7	7
Leg IV	7	7