Crotalinae Oppell, 1811

Leviton, Alan E., Siler, Cameron D., Weinell, Jeffrey L. & Brown, Rafe M., 2018, Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 64 (14), pp. 399-568 : 470-471

Subfamily Crotalinae Oppell, 1811

Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus ( Gray, 1842) Photo figures 104–109 Philippine Pit Viper

Magaera flavomaculata Gray, 1842:49 .

Parias flavomaculata, Gray, 1849:11 .

Trimeresurus flavomaculatus, Günther, 1879:79 .— Taylor, 1922a:288; 122d:139.— Leviton, 1964c:257.— Ross and Gonzales, 1992:69.— David and Ineich, 1999:284.— Gumprecht, Tillack, Orlov, Captain, and Ryabov, 2004:32, 25 col. photos (pp. 181–186).— McLeod, Siler, Diesmos, Diesmos, Garcia, Arkonceo, Balaquit, Uy, Villaseran, Yarra, and Brown, 2011:190, fig. 8D.— Oliveros, Ota, Crombie, and Brown, 2011:16, figs. 8B, 8C.— Brown, Oliveros, Siler, Fernandez, Welton, Buenavente. Diesmos, and Diesmos, 2012:484, fig. 48.— Devan-Song and Brown, 2012:15, fig. 37.— Brown, Siler, Oliveros, Welton, Rock, Swab, Van Weerd, van Beijnen, Jose, Rodriguez, Jose, and Diesmos, 2013:93

Trimeresurus flavomaculatus flavomaculatus, Leviton, 1964c:257 .— Toriba, 1993a:98.— David & Ineich, 1999:284.— Gaulke, 2001:33, figs. 11–12.

Trimeresurus halieus Griffin 1910:214 (type locality: Polillo Islands).— Taylor, 1922a:286.

Trimeresurus flavomaculatus halieus, Leviton, 1964c:262 .— Toriba, 1993a:98.— David & Ineich, 1999:284.

Parias flavomaculatus, David, Pauwels, Lays, and Lenglet, 2006:220 , figs. 15–16.— Beukema, 2011:178, fig. 3.— Gaulke, 2011:336–339, figs 231–233.— Siler, Welton, Siler, Brown, Bucol, Diesmos, and Brown, 2011:191, fig. 34–36.— Wallach, Williams, and Boundy, 2014:526 (part).

Parias cf. flavomaculatus, Oliveros, Ota, Crombie, and Brown, 2011:16 , figs. 8B, 8C.

Trimeresurus schadenbergi Fischer, 1885:116 (type locality: “Süd-Mindanao”).

Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus, Leviton, Brown, and Siler, 2014:515 , figs. 11A, 15A–B, 50A–G.

Trimeresurus cf. flavomaculatus, Sanguila, Cobb, Siler, Diesmos Alcala, and Brown, 2016:107 , fig. 78.

TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE SPECIMEN (S).— Luzon Id., Philippines (restricted by Leviton, 1964c:260). Lectotype: BMNH 1946.1 .19.34 (formerly BMNH i.3.1a), designated by Iskandar and Colijn (2001:158).

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION ( Map 35D [p. 146]).— Babuyan Ids. (Babuyan Claro, Calayan, Camiguin Norte, Dalipiri), Biliran, Catanduanes, Leyte, Luzon (Prov.: Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Ilocos Norte, Ifugao, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales), Mindanao (Prov.: Davao del Norte, Davao del Dur, Lanao del Sur), Mindoro (Prov.: Oriental Mindoro), Negros (Negros Occidental), Panay (Prov.: Aklan, Antique), Polillo, Samar (Prov.: Eastern Samar, Western Samar), Siquijor. ( T. cf. flavomaculatus : Dinagat, Mindanao (Prov.: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Misamis Oriental).

GENERAL DISTRIBUTION (OTHER THAN PHILIPPINES).— Endemic to the Philippines.

CONSERVATION STATUS [IUCN].— Least Concern [2016] ver. 3.1.

Trimeresurus (Parias) mcgregori ( Taylor, 1919) Photo figure 110–113 McGregor’s Philippine Pitviper

Trimeresurus mcgregori Taylor, 1919:110 ; 1922a:284.— Gumprecht, Tillack, Orlov, Captain, and Ryabov, 2004:35, 18 col. photos (pp. 246–250).

Trimeresurus flavomaculatus mcgregori, Leviton, 1964c:261 .— Toriba, 1993a:98.— David and Ineich, 1999:284.

Parias mcgregori, Oliveros, Ota, Crombie, & Brown 2011:6 .

Trimeresurus (Parias) mcgregori, Leviton, Brown, and Siler, 2014:517 , figs. 14, 51.

TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE SPECIMEN (S).— Batan Id., Batanes Group, off northern Luzon Id. , Philippines. Holotype: PNM 748 (destroyed during WWII); Neotype: CAS 60525 , designated by Leviton (1964c:261) .

PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION (ENDEMIC) ( Map 36A [p. 147]).— Babuyan Ids. (Calayan, Camiguin Norte), Batan Id.

CONSERVATION STATUS [IUCN].— Data Deficient [2016] ver. 3.1.