Coxapopha diblemma Platnick

Fannes, Wouter, 2013, The Goblin Spider Genus Zyngoonops (Araneae, Oonopidae), With Notes On Related Taxa, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2013 (379), pp. 1-117 : 53-68

Coxapopha diblemma Platnick

Figures 78–85 , 106 ; map 6

Coxapopha diblemma Platnick, 2000: 409 , figs. 1–7 (male holotype from Parque Nacional Soberania , Panama, in QM; examined).

DIAGNOSIS: The male differs from congeners in having the sperm pore situated near the tip of a long apophysis (fig. 82A, C, D), and in lacking an apophysis between the sperm pore and the pedicel tube (fig. 81A). In the other species of the genus, the sperm pore is only slightly elevated, and the ventral scutum has a prominent apophysis between the sperm pore and the pedicel tube (R. Ott, personal commun.; Ott and Brescovit, 2004: figs. 13, 29).

MALE (figs. 78–85, 106): TL 1.95. Habitus as in figure 106A, B. Carapace red-brown, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, anteriorly narrowed to 0.5 times its maximum width, with rounded posterolateral corners, posterolateral edge without pits, anterolateral corners with strongly sclerotized, triangular extension, posterolateral surface without spikes, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth; lateral surfaces with microsculpture on lower part; thorax without depressions, without radiating rows of pits; lateral margin straight, rebordered (figs. 78A–D, 106C, E, F). Clypeus sinuous in front view, very high, ALE separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more, median projection absent, setae present (figs. 78B, 106F). Two small, oval eyes, approximately one diameter apart (figs. 78B, 106F). Sternum pale yellow, slightly wider than long, fused to carapace, median concavity absent, surface finely reticulate, without pits, sickle-shaped structures absent, posterior margin not extending posteriorly of coxae IV, distance between coxae approximately equal, extensions of precoxal triangles present, without posterior hump, setae abundant, without hair tufts (figs. 78E, 106G). Pleural flaps present, small (fig. 80E). Infracoxal grooves present, shallow (the presence of pores could not be established because the grooves were covered by dust); coxal insertions I, II, and III each with two clusters of small openings. Chelicerae orange, anterior face unmodified; one small cheliceral tooth on promargin; a short, apically pointed seta on inner surface of chelicera; promargin flanked by double row of setae (inner and outer row), each row with about five setae, setae of inner row with small cuticular teeth on shaft, outer row consisting of smooth setae; between double row and fang base a long plumose hair; anterior face of paturon with sparse setae (fig. 79A); posterior surface of paturon with three short spines and a row of five long, medially directed setae; fangs without toothlike projections, shape normal, without prominent basal process, tip unmodified. Labium much more heavily sclerotized than sternum, wider than long, with setae (figs. 79B, 106H). Endites: enlarged, median margin short, posteromedian part bulging (figs. 79C, 80D); ventral surface heavily sclerotized except for diagonal band (fig. 106H); median surface with a pocket and two groups of setae (anterior and posterior group; fig. 80D); anterior edge of pocket continues into median projection (fig. 80D); median projection short, directed anteriorly, with a curved anterior extension (figs. 79D, F, 80A, C, D); setae s1–3 relatively short (figs. 79D, F, 80C). Pedicel with one dorsal and one ventral sclerite; dorsal sclerite flat, posteriorly drawn out into a point, not fused to prosoma, without special modifications; ventral sclerite U-shaped, covering ventral and lateral sides of pedicel, anteriorly fused to prosoma, without special modifications. Abdomen ovoid, without long posterior extension, rounded posteriorly, interscutal membrane rows of small sclerotized platelets absent (figs. 80F, 81A, 106D). Booklung covers large, ovoid, without setae, anterolateral edge unmodified (fig. 81F). Posterior spiracles not connected by groove. Pedicel tube short, not ribbed, without triangular extensions, without fringe of setae, with crest-shaped apophysis (see below). Scuto-pedicel region without ridges or denticles, plumose hairs absent, matted setae on anterior ventral abdomen in pedicel area absent (fig. 81E, F). DS strongly sclerotized, yellow-brown, without color pattern, covering full length of abdomen, no soft tissue visible from above, not fused to ES, middle surface reticulate, sides reticulate, anterior half without projecting denticles (figs. 81A, B, 106A, B). ES and PES fused into a large ventral scutum (figs. 80F, 106D); ventral scutum strongly sclerotized, yellow, covering nearly full length of abdomen, with two apophyses, anterior apophysis crest shaped, triangular, situated near anterior margin of pedicel tube (fig. 81A, C–F), posterior apophysis long, horn shaped, bearing sperm pore (figs. 81A, C, 82A, C, D). Small lateral sclerites absent. Lateral apo- demes long, posteriorly directed (fig. 106D). Spinneret scutum present, incomplete ring, with fringe of needlelike setae. Interscutal membrane with setae. Colulus present, sporting two setae. ALS two segmented, with one major ampullate gland spigot and two piriform gland spigots (fig. 82E); PMS single segmented, digitiform, with two spigots; PLS two segmented, with three spigots. Legs yellow, without color pattern, patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace; coxae IV with a hand-shaped apophysis that bears four (holotype) or five (other specimen) peg setae (fig. 84C, D); femur IV not thickened, same size as femora I–III; tibiae III and IV with a group of specialized setae on ventral apex (fig. 84A, B). Small, oval glands on femora, patellae, tibiae, and metatarsi (fig. 83C). Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines relatively short): patellae: I p0-1-0; tibiae: I v2-2-2; II v0-1r-0; metatarsi: I v0-2-0 (figs. 82F, 83A, B). Tarsi I to IV claws examined in detail; superior claws with 4–5 large, proximally situated teeth on lateral surfaces, about 18–25 small, distally situated teeth on median surfaces; inferior claw absent (fig. 83F, G). Trichobothria examined with SEM; each leg with four dorsal trichobothria: one on proximal tibia, two on distal tibia, one on distal metatarsus; hairs plumose, bothrium as in figure 83D, aperture internal texture gratelike. Tarsal organ exposed; receptors could not be studied because they were obscured by dust. Epigastric region with sperm pore small, elliptical, wider than long, situated near tip of posterior apophysis (fig. 82B, D); a pair of additional orifices mesad of posterior spiracles (fig. 82B). Palps not strongly sclerotized, right and left palps symmetrical; trochanter without ventral projection; femur two or more times as long as trochanter, without posteriorly rounded lateral dilation, attaching to patella basally; patella shorter than femur, not enlarged, without prolateral row of ridges, setae unmodified; tibia with three dorsal trichobothria; cymbium fused with bulb but seam still visible distally, extending slightly beyond distal tip of bulb; bulb shorter than cymbium, elongated (fig. 84E, F); embolus tubelike, less than half as long as bulb, with distally a slitlike opening (fig. 85A, B, E, F); conductor situated prolaterally of embolus, slightly longer than embolus, with dorsally a conspicuous rodlike projection (dorsal projection; fig. 85).

FEMALE: Unknown.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Panama: Parque Nacional Soberania, 09 ° 049N, 079 ° 419W, Aug. 7, 1983, litter, V.E. Davies (PBI_OON 4735, QM S52152), 1 male (holotype). San Lorenzo Protected Area, 09 ° 169N, 079 ° 589W, Sept. 22, 2003 to Oct. 31, 2004, IBISCA project (PBI_OON 33138, MRAC), 1 male (used for SEM).

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Panama (map 6).

FEMALE GENITAL MORPHOLOGY OF COXAPOPHA

The female genitalia of Coxapopha have never been examined by SEM, due to a scarcity of specimens. Recently, Norman Platnick and Nadine Dupérré discovered two new female specimens and kindly made them available for study. These specimens allow, for the first time, a detailed description of the female genitalia.

The specimens were collected close to the type locality of C. yuyapichis Ott and Brescovit (2004) and probably belong to this species. However, a definite species assignment is not possible, for all specimens of C. yuyapichis are currently missing (C. Rheims, personal com- mun.). The specimens are therefore referred to as ‘‘ Coxapopha sp. ’’ Specimen data is as follows: Peru: Ucayali, Bosque Nacional A. von Humboldt, 8.67 km Pucallpa, 8 ° 239S, 74 ° 279W, July 30, 1986, Silva, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional May- or de San Marcos (MUSM-ENT 05001481), 1 female (abdomen studied by SEM; all images depict this specimen). Cusco, Rio Camisea, Cashiari 3, 11 ° 529570S, 72 ° 399020W, 690 m, Nov.–Dec., 1997, J. Duárez and S. Córdova (MUSM-ENT 05001457), 1 female (specimen intact, not studied by SEM).

The specimens have well-developed abdominal scuta (figs. 86A, B, 105I). The postepigastric scutum has a triangular epigastric scape (figs. 86C–F, 105J), the posterior tip of which is elevated (fig. 86E, F). The ventral surface of the scape shows a narrow, longitudinal slit (fig. 86D). The posterior end of the slit is slightly widened (fig. 86F); this part of the slit may function as the copulatory opening. The internal genitalia include a genital duct, two lateral apodemes, and two uterine sclerites (figs. 87, 88, 105K). There is no genital pouch. The anterior uterine sclerite is T-shaped (fig. 88E, F). The posterior uterine sclerite has a slitlike opening in its anterior surface (figs. 87D, 88C, D). The genital duct ascends along the posterior uterine sclerite (fig. 88A, B).

The spinnerets were also scanned (fig. 89). The ALS have one major ampullate gland spigot and two piriform gland spigots (fig. 89B), the PMS have six spigots (fig. 89C), and the PLS have 12 spigots (fig. 89D). The colulus bears two setae (fig. 89A).

Figures

Fig. 78. Coxapopha diblemma Platnick, male, carapace. A. Lateral view. B. Anterior view. C. Dorsal view. D. Posterior view. E. Ventral view. F. Region between coxae IV, posterior view. Scale bars: 50 Mm (F), 100 Mm (A–E).

Fig. 79. Coxapopha diblemma Platnick, male. A. Chelicerae, anterior view. B. Labium, ventral view. C. Mouthparts, ventral view. D. Right endite, median projection, ventral view. Asterisk: anterior extension. Arrows: groove. Arrowhead: setae 1–3. E. Endites, lateral view. F. Left endite, median projection, lateral view. Asterisk: anterior extension. Arrowhead: setae 1–3. Arrow: groove. Abbreviations: ch, chelicera; la, labium; mp, median projection. Scale bars: 5 Mm (D, F), 10 Mm (B), 30 Mm (A, C, E).

Fig. 80. Coxapopha diblemma Platnick, male. A. Right endite, median projection, median view. Asterisk: anterior extension. B. Labium and median part of endites, posterior view. C. Right endite, median projection and setae 1–3 (arrowhead), posterior view. Arrow: anterior extension. D. Right endite, median view (tip of median projection broken off). Arrow: anterior extension. E. Pleural flap, ventral view. F. Abdomen, ventral view. Abbreviations: ag, anterior group of setae; mp, median projection; p, pocket; pg, posterior group of setae; pmp, posteromedian part of endite. Scale bars: 5 Mm (A, C, E), 20 Mm (B, D), 100 Mm (F).

Fig. 81. Coxapopha diblemma Platnick, male. A. Abdomen, lateral view. Arrowhead: anterior apophysis. Arrow: posterior apophysis. B. Same, anterior view. C. Detail of B, showing anterior and posterior apophysis. D. Anterior apophysis, anterior view. E. Pedicel tube, ventral view. Arrowhead: anterior apophysis. F. Same, lateral view. Arrowhead: anterior apophysis. Scale bars: 5 Mm (D), 10 Mm (C), 30 Mm (E, F), 50 Mm (A, B).

Fig. 82. Coxapopha diblemma Platnick, male. A. Posterior apophysis, lateral view. B. Epigastric region, ventral view, showing sperm pore (arrow), additional orifice (arrowhead), anterior spiracle (asp) and posterior spiracle (psp). C. Posterior apophysis, ventral view. D. Sperm pore, ventral view. E. ALS, posterior view. F. Leg I, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 5 Mm (D, E), 10 Mm (A–C), 100 Mm (F).

Fig. 83. Coxapopha diblemma Platnick, male. A. Tibia I, ventral view. B. Tibia I, spines, lateral view. C. Tibia I, ventral surface, oval glands. D. Trichobothrial base from tibia IV, dorsal view. E. Tarsus II, dorsal view. F. Claws, leg II, anterior view. G. Same, leg IV. Scale bars: 2 Mm (D), 5 Mm (C, F, G), 10 Mm (B), 20 Mm (E), 50 Mm (A).

Fig. 84. Coxapopha diblemma Platnick, male. A. Tibia IV, ventral view. Arrow: group of specialized setae. B. Detail of A, showing group of specialized setae. C. Coxa IV, lateral view, showing hand-shaped apophysis. D. Hand-shaped apophysis, peg setae, lateral view. E. Pedipalp, prolateral view. F. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 5 Mm (D), 10 Mm (B), 50 Mm (A, C, E, F).

Fig. 85. Coxapopha diblemma Platnick, male. A. Embolus and conductor, prolateral view. Asterisk: dorsal projection. B. Same, retrolateral view. Asterisk: dorsal projection. C. Dorsal projection, prolateral view. D. Same, retrolateral view. E. Embolus and conductor, anterior view. Arrow: dorsal projection. F. Same, ventral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus. Scale bars: 5 Mm (C–F), 10 Mm (A, B).

Fig. 106. Coxapopha diblemma Platnick, male, holotype (A, C) and specimen PBI_OON 33138 (B, D– H). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Same. C. Carapace, dorsal view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Carapace, lateral view. F. Same, anterior view. G. Same, ventral view. H. Mouthparts, ventral view.