Chlorocryptus coreanus ( Szepligeti )

Yoshida, Takuma & Matsumoto, Rikio, 2015, A revision of the genus Chlorocryptus Cameron (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), with the first record of the genus from Japan, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 62 (1), pp. 81-99 : 84-89

Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae

Chlorocryptus coreanus ( Szepligeti) Figs 13-21, 26-27, 36-38, 59

Cryptaulax coreanus Szépligeti, 1916: 287. Holotype: ♀, Korea, Seoul (HNHM) [examined].

Cryptus trirrhogmaniformis Sonan, 1929: 424. Lectotype: ♂, Formosa, Chikurin (TARI). Synonymized by Uchida (1930b).

Cochlidionostenus coreanus ( Szépligeti): Uchida 1936: 116.

Chlorocryptus coreanus ( Szépligeti): Townes et al. 1961: 141.

References.

Uchida 1930a: 317 ( Cryptaulax , records, host); Uchida 1930b: 360 ( Cryptaulax , hosts); Uchida 1931: 177 ( Cryptaulax , record, host); Matsumura 1931: 41 ( Cryptaulax , diagnosis, figure, distribution); Uchida 1940: 122 ( Cochlidionostenus , in key); Uchida 1942: 113 ( Cochlidionostenus , records); Sonan 1944: 14 ( Cryptus trirrhogmaniformis , listed); Uchida 1955: 114 ( Cochlidionostenus , records); Kim 1955: 40 ( Cochleonosterus (lapsus), record); Townes et al. 1961: 141 (catalogued); Chu et al. 1963: 750 ( Cryptaulax coteanus (lapsus), as parasitoid of Limacodidae ); Townes et al. 1965: 167 (catalogued); Yen 1973: 86 ( Cryptus trirrhogmaniformis , listed, host); Chao 1976: 266 (listed, distribution, hosts); Chu et al. 1978: 40 (diagnosis, distribution, host); Yang and Wu 1981: 303 (listed, distribution, host); Sun et al. 1982: 46 (description, immature stages, host, biology); Pan 1983: 50 ( coevanus (lapsus), description, figures, host, biology); Chiu et al. 1984: 17 (listed, distribution, hosts); Yin and Zou 1987: 11 (diagnosis, immature stages, biology, biological control effect on Cnidocampa flavescens ); He and Wang 1987: 379 (diagnosis, host, distribution); Wang and Li 1987: 1326 (in key, record, host, distribution); Gauld 1987: 130 (taxonomic remarks); Wang et al. 1991: 30 (percentage of parasitism, biological control effect on Cnidocampa flavescens ); Niu and Wang 1992: 1206 (description, figure, distribution, host, biology); Wang et al. 1993: 467 (rate of parasitism, life history, biological control effect); Wang and Huang 1993: 732 (description, figure, host, records, distribution); He et al. 1996: 510 (description, figure, host, distribution); Sheng et al. 1999: 374 (listed, records, distribution); He et al. 2001: 721 (listed, hosts, records, distribution); Lin 2003: 939 (listed, host, distribution); Wang 2003: 274 (description, figure, host, records, distribution); He et al. 2004: 514 (description, figures, host, records, distribution); He and Chen 2006: 110 (description, figures, biology, distribution); Chen et al. 2009: 70 (listed, distribution, records); Sheng and Sun 2009: 69 (description, photo, hosts, records, distribution); Sheng et al. 2013: 138 (description, photo, hosts, records, distribution).

Type specimens examined.

Holotype of Cryptaulax coreanus Szépligeti: ♀, "Korea, Sebul" [ “Soeul” in the original description], HNHM (ID 115220). Paralectotype of Cryptus trirrhogmaniformis Sonan: ♂, "Shinchiku, Chikurin, ft. 3000" [= Chulin, Hsinchu], 10.ix.1928, J. Sonan, reared from a cocoon of Monema sp. on a cherry tree, SEHU.

Other specimens.

South Korea. Poseoksa (N36°03.073 ’/E127°28.688’), Keumsan, Chungcheong-namdo, P. Tripotin, SEHU: 1 ♂, viii.1998; 1 ♀, 21.ix.2001. Seonunsan (N36°27 ’50˝/E126°34’28˝), Geochang, Jeollabuku-do, 1 ♂, 5.vi.2004, C. L. Young, SEHU. Suigen [= Suwon], Gyeonggi-do, K. Sato, SEHU: 1 ♂, 1925; 1 ♀, 4 ♂, 1.vi.1928; 1 ♀, 14.vi.1928. Shôyo-san, Keikido [= Soyosan, Gyeonggi-do], SEHU: 1 ♀, 15.vi.1941; 2 ♂, 10.ix.1943; 2 ♂, 17.ix.1943. Homyeongsan, Cheongpyeong, 1 ♂, 4.v, SEHU. Godaesan, Gyeonggi-do, 1 ♂, 21.vi.1942, SEHU. China. Tetsurei, Manchoukuo, [= Tieling, Liaoning Prov.], 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 11.vi.1938, I. Okada, SEHU. Domonrei, Manchoukuo [= Tumenling, Jiutai, Jilin Prov.], 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 19.viii.1939, H. Kôno, SEHU. Kaigen, Manchoukuo, [= Kaiyuan, Liaoning Prov.], I. Okada, SEHU: 1 ♀, 15.ix.1935; 1 ♀, 1.vi.1938. Ryôsuiji, Dalian, 1 ♀, 23.vi.1929, SEHU. "Nord Pekin", 1 ♂, A. David, 1865, MNHN.

Diagnosis.

Punctation on head coarser than Chlorocryptus purpuratus . Temple swollen and wide, occupying 0.3-0.4 of length of head in dorsal view (Fig. 15). Face without transverse rugae (Fig. 13). Clypeus usually with pair of weak tubercles on apical margin (Fig. 14). Mandibular teeth blunt (Fig. 17). Female flagellum with white annulus around mid-length and with apical third ventrally weakly flattened but not widened. Epomia not turned toward mesal line of pronotum (Fig. 19). Prepectus without a short vertical carina opposite lower corner of pronotum. Mesoscutum punctate, without rugae, and glabrous area on lateral lobe narrow (Fig. 18). Propodeum without posterior transverse carina. Nervellar index 1.3-1.8 (Figs 26, 27). Postpetiole long, 0.8-1.0 as long as wide in female, 0.7-1.0 in male (Fig. 21). Median longitudinal carina of 1st tergite not raised at all at beginning of postpetiole (Fig. 20). Subgenital plate (Figs 36, 37) with postero-lateral corner more angulated, with posterior margin weakly notched on median convexity, and with white spot at base of its apodeme.

Description.

Adult. ♀. Head (Fig. 15) 1.7-1.8 times as wide as long in dorsal view. Temple swollen, occupying 0.3-0.4 of length of head in dorsal view (Fig. 15). POL/OOL=0.6-0.8. Vertex and gena densely with coarse punctures; punctures smaller and shallower on gena than on vertex. Face 1.4-1.5 times as wide as high, distinctly convex medially, punctate-reticulate (Figs 5, 13). Clypeus with pair of weak tubercles on apical margin, punctate-reticulate, punctures larger than on face (Fig. 14). Malar space 0.8-1.0 times as wide as mandible width. Mandible stout, with short and blunt teeth; upper tooth broad, a little longer than lower one (Fig. 17). Antenna with 32-34 flagellomeres. Apical third of flagellum weakly flattened ventrally but not thickened, weakly tapered to apex. First flagellomere 4.9-5.8 times as long as apical width, a little longer than 2nd flagellomere. Fifth flagellomere 2.3-2.5 times as long as apical width.

Epomia ends at midway to upper edge of pronotum without turning toward mesal line of pronotum (Fig. 19). Prepectus without a short vertical carina opposite lower corner of pronotum. Mesoscutum and scutellum lacunose, without rugae, and with only narrow glabrous stripe on lateral lobe (Fig. 18). Mesopleuron punctate to areolate-rugose on lower part to transversely strigate on upper frontal part. Mesosternum densely punctate. Metapleuron areolate-rugose. Upper division of metapleuron punctulate. Propodeum areolate rugose; only anterior transverse carina present, other carinae absent.

Legs slender. Hind femur 6.0-7.7 times as long as maximum width. Hind tibia 8.5-9.5 times as long as apical width.

Fore wing about 11-14 mm long. Nervellar index 1.3-1.8 (Figs 26, 27).

First metasomal tergite 1.9-2.3 times as long as apical width, with postpetiole 0.7-1.0 times as long as apical width; dorsal face not distinctly raised; median longitudinal carina absent or very weak on its entire length (Figs 20, 21). Ovipositor sheath 0.9-1.0 times as long as hind tibia.

Body with metallic luster in blue, purple or green. Flagellum black with white band on 6 th– 9th flagellomeres. Fore and middle tibiae and all tarsi are dark brown to black. Ovipositor sheath and ovipositor black. Wings narrowly infumate apically (Fig. 26).

♂. Similar to female except as follows: face 1.0-1.2 times as wide as long; flagellum with 37-39 flagellomeres, with 5 or 6 tyloids which can be on 14 th– 20th flagellomeres; 1st flagellomere 2.8-3.3 times as long as apical width; 1st metasomal segment 2.0-2.4 times as long as apical width; hind femur 7.0-8.5 times as long as median depth; hind tibia 9.3-10.0 times as long as apical width; stripe on anterior face of fore femur, fore tibia and dorsal stripe of middle tibia light brown. Subgenital plate with postero-lateral corner more angulated than in Chlorocryptus purpuratus , with posterior margin convex, with small concavity on middle of convexity (Figs 36, 37), but one aberrant specimen from Korea without concavity (Fig. 38); usually with white spot near base of apodeme. Wings narrowly infumate in specimens from Korea and North China, but Taiwanese specimens with extensively brown wings (Fig. 27).

Biology.

Monema flavescens Walker ( Uchida 1930b, Sun et al. 1982, Pan 1983, Yin and Zou 1987, Wang et al. 1991, 1993) and Miresa inornata Walker ( Limacodidae ) ( Uchida 1930a) have been recorded as hosts.

Distribution.

(Fig. 58). Korea ( Szépligeti 1916, Uchida 1930a, 1955, Kim 1955). China: Fujian ( Wang 2003, Wang and Huang 1993), Guangxi ( Niu and Wang 1992), Heilongjiang ( Niu and Wang 1992), Henan ( Sheng et al. 1999, Sheng and Sun 2009), Jiangxi ( Sheng et al. 2013), Jilin ( Yin and Zou 1987), Liaoning ( Uchida 1942, Sun et al. 1982, Pan 1983), Neimenggu ( Niu and Wang 1992), Shaanxi ( He and Chen 2006), Sichuan ( Wang and Huang 1993), Yunnan ( Wang and Li 1987), Zhejiang ( He and Wang 1987, He et al. 2001). Taiwan ( Sonan 1929, Uchida 1931).

Remarks.

Similar to the preceding species, this species shows considerable intraspecific morphological variation. Only the Taiwanese specimens, namely the type series of Cryptus trirrhogmaniformis , have the fore wings entirely tinged with brown (Fig. 27) (according to the original description of Cryptus trirrhogmaniformis , the lectotype has also brown wings), and all the other specimens examined have the fore wings darkened only apically (Fig. 26). One specimen from Korea (Fig. 38) has a differently shaped subgenital plate, which we considered to be aberrant.

In the description of Cryptaulax coreanus , Szépligeti (1916) did not originally designate the holotype nor mentioned the number of specimens he examined. The Szépligeti’s collection at HNHM contains only one specimen of the species, which Townes et al. (1961) treated as the holotype fixed by monotypy.

Cryptus trirrhogmaniformis Sonan was described based on two male syntypes. One was deposited at TARI and the other was probably donated to Uchida at that time and now is located at SEHU. The TARI specimen was treated as “type” by Townes et al. (1961), which is considered a lectotype designation as it is evident that the authors cited the specimen to serve as the name-bearing type (ICZN 74.5).