Cerrorchestia taboukeli, Piscart & Ayati & Coulis, 2019

Piscart, Christophe, Ayati, Khaoula & Coulis, Mathieu, 2019, Cerrorchestia taboukeli sp. nov., a new terrestrial amphipod (Amphipoda, Talitridae) from Martinique Island, European Journal of Taxonomy 588, pp. 1-14 : 3-11

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2019.588
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E5FD2A8E-B260-41D2-9BE8-1FAEDAC6625A
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664160
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C82118B-19F6-49F9-90F9-F8D2708943FC
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:2C82118B-19F6-49F9-90F9-F8D2708943FC
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Cerrorchestia taboukeli
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Cerrorchestia taboukeli sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2C82118B-19F6-49F9-90F9-F8D2708943FC

Figs 1–5 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig , Table 1 View Table 1

Diagnosis

Male

Left lacinia mobilis 4-dentate; gnathopods 1 and 2 sexually dimorphic; palm of gnathopod 2 much larger than on gnathopod 1; pellucid lobes on merus, carpus and propodus of gnathopod 1 only. Pereopods 3–7 cuspidactylate. Pereopods 3–4 and telson sexually dimorphic.

Female

Gnathopod palms equal in size; pellucid lobes on merus, carpus and propodus of gnathopod 2 only. Gnathopod 1 palm subchelate, dactylus long and curved, overreaching the palmar angle.

Etymology

The epithet taboukeli refers to ‘Taboukéli oüébo’ in the Kalinago language, the pre-Columbian inhabitants of Martinique Island. This term means ‘summit of the mountain’ and refers to the extremely narrow distribution area of the species that is currently known to be restricted to peaks and high plateaus of Pitons du Carbet Mountain Range.

Material examined

Holotype MARTINIQUE ISLAND • ♂; Fonds St Denis , summit of Piton Boucher, cloud forest; 14°41′56.6″ N, 61°06′08.0″ W; 1059 m a.s.l.; 21 Jul. 2017; collected from leaf litter by hand and using a Tullgren extractor; MNHN-IU- 2019-2276. GoogleMaps

Paratypes MARTINIQUE ISLAND • 5 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; MNHN-IU- 2019-2277 GoogleMaps • 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; MNHN IU- 2019-2278 GoogleMaps • 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Aug. 2018; collected from leaf litter by hand and using Tullgren extractior; CIRAD-361- 302-P GoogleMaps .

Other material examined

MARTINIQUE ISLAND • ca 25 adult specimens; 2 stations, 14°41′56.6″ N, 61°06′08.0″ W and 14°42′52.6″ N, 61°06′18.0″ W; Jun. 2017 and Aug. 2018; collected on forest floor by hand in the leaf litter of the Carpet Mountain GoogleMaps .

Description

Male

Description based on holotype male 11.3 mm.

BODY ( Fig. 1A View Fig ). Medium and smooth.

HEAD. Eye medium (⅓ head length), round, black. Antenna 1 ( Fig. 1B View Fig ) short, slightly longer than article 4 of antenna 2, flagellum with up to 5 short articles, sparsely setose with robust setae. Antenna 2 ( Fig. 1C View Fig ) less than half body length; peduncular articles slender, article 5 1.3 × longer than article 4; flagellum longer than peduncles with up to 20 articles with robust setae. Upper lip ( Fig. 2A View Fig ) wide, apex rounded and setose. Lower lip ( Fig. 2C View Fig ) without inner lobe; outer lobe very setose with sub-rectangular apical margin. Left mandible ( Fig. 2E View Fig ) incisor 6-dentate, lacinia mobilis 4-dentate, molar triturative, strong. Maxilla 1 ( Fig. 2F View Fig ): inner plate rod-shaped with two terminal robust pappose setae; outer plate with eight terminal serrate setae, palp absent. Maxilla 2 ( Fig. 2D View Fig ): inner plate sub-equal to outer plate in length with 1 large and 1 medium secondary subapical pappose setae; outer plate with 2 setae on outer margin and a row of terminal robust setae. Maxilliped ( Fig. 2B View Fig ): inner plate well developed, 4 × longer than wide, with apical pappose setae and 3 spatule-like spine teeth, inner lateral margin bordered by 4 robust pappose setae; outer plate long, exceeding palp article 1 with apical pappose setae; palp article 2 about as long as wide, inner lobe wide; palp article 3 slightly longer than wide, shorter than palp article 2; palp article 4 minute, dome-shaped, masked by distal setae and setae of palp article 3.

PEREON. Gnathopod 1 ( Fig. 3A View Fig ) sexually dimorphic, subchelate; basis slightly expanded posterodistally, 2 proximal facial setae, 3 setae on posterior margin; pellucid lobes on merus, carpus and propodus; carpus longer than propodus, triangular, well developed with posterior carpal lobe posterior margin with long setae; propodus of ‘hammer’ type, expanding distally, inner face with many seta of various length, anterior margin with 3 groups of 1–3 setae and 4 fine setae distally, palm transverse fringed with 6–8 long setae and 5–6 tiny facial setae proximally; dactyl posterior margin with setae only. Gnathopod 2 ( Fig. 3B View Fig ) much larger than gnathopod 1, subchelate, sexually dimorphic; coxa subrectangular slightly longer than wide with a rounded ventral margin; basis expanded posterodistally without setae on anterior margin and 4 small setae on posterior margin; ischium and merus unarmed; carpus triangular, very small and unarmed; propodus ovate, two times as long as wide, inner face with 6–7 small setae, palm transverse fringed with many apical setae of various length; dactylus very long, overreaching the palmar angle. Pereopod 3–7 cuspidactylate. Pereopods 3–4 ( Fig. 4 View Fig A–B) alike; subequal in length; coxae subquadrate with posterior lobes; merus not expanded, 1.5 × larger and longer than carpus; pereopod 4 propodus longer than carpus, dactylus short with anterodistal denticular patch. Pereopod 5 ( Fig. 4E View Fig ) coxa bilobed; basis ovate with deep posterodistal lobe reaching distal end of ischium, anterior and posterior margin fringed with setae; merus expanded and equal in length to carpus; propodus longer than merus and carpus; dactylus short. Pereopods 6–7 ( Fig. 4 View Fig F–G) alike, subequal in length, meri and carpi similar in length and propodi longer; dactylus very thin and relatively long. Pereopod 6 coxa bilobed; basis ovate. Pereopod 7 coxa ovate; basis almost round.

PLEON. Epimeron 1 widely subtriangular, lacking posterior tooth, without spine on posterior margin. Epimera 2 and 3 subquadrates, posterior distal angles somewhat produced but lacking distinct tooth and without setae of posterior margin ( Fig. 5G View Fig ). Pleopods 1–3 ( Fig. 5 View Fig H–J) well developed, pleopods 1 and 2 longer than pleopod 3, peduncles well developed 5–6 × longer than wide, 1~3 coupling spines; flagellum biramous, subequal in length; pleopod 1 inner and outer rami with 8 and 10 articles, respectively; pleopod 2 inner ramus with 7 articles, outer with 10 articles; pleopod 3 inner and outer rami very short with 8 articles. Uropod 1 ( Fig. 5A View Fig ) longest; peduncle slender 5 × as long as wide with one row of 5 setae and a strong interramal seta; inner ramus with 4 dorsal marginal setae and few apical robust setae; outer ramus without marginal setae. Uropod 2 wider; peduncle 2 × as long as wide with 3 dorsal marginal setae, 4 marginal or sub-marginal ventral setae smaller, and one apical robust setae; inner ramus with 3 dorsal marginal setae; outer ramus with 5 marginal setae. Uropod 3 peduncle with 2 apical setae dorsally and several very small facial setae, uniramus, ramus slightly arcuate subequal to peduncle in length, not fused to peduncle with 1 dorsal marginal seta and 4 apical setae. Telson ( Fig. 5E View Fig ) weakly longer than wide, weakly cleft, each lobe with 2–3 marginal and 2–3 apical setae.

Female

Description based on paratype female 9.6 mm.

HEAD. Antenna 1 and 2 similar to those of male.

PEREON. Gnathopod 1 ( Fig. 3C View Fig ) equal in size to gnathopod 2 ( Fig. 3D View Fig ), subchelate; coxa triangular, slightly longer than wide, posterior margin excavated; basis not expanded; merus trapezoid; carpus slender, well developed, longer than merus and propodus; propodus slender, palm with long setae along posterior margin and a line of three setae on outer face; dactylus long and curved, overreaching the palmar angle. Gnathopod 2 ( Fig. 3D View Fig ) weakly chelate; coxa subrectangular, slightly longer than wide with a rounded ventral margin; basis expanded posteriorly with 4 small setae on posterior margin; pellucid lobes on merus, carpus and propodus; merus trapezoid with 2 setae near the pellucid lobe, carpus triangular, enlarged at it distal end and armed with setae of various length; propodus triangular, 2 × as long as wide, inner face with many setae of various length, pellucid lobe well developed, extending beyond palm, palm transverse fringed with many apical setae of various length; dactylus short, reaching to half of palm. Pereopod 3–4 ( Fig. 4 View Fig C–D) not modified, sexually dimorphic. Pereopod 3 ischium modified; carpus short, shorter than merus and propodus, merus, carpus and propodus longer on pereopod 3 than on pereopod 4; pereopod 4 merus as wide as carpus and propodus. Pereopod 5 basis subrectangular without posterodistal lobe.

PLEON. Uropod 3 ( Fig. 5D View Fig ) peduncle without facial setae; ramus without marginal setae. Telson ( Fig. 5F View Fig ) weakly cleft with one group of 3 marginal setae on each lobe and 2–3 apical setae.

Differential diagnosis

The genus Cerrorchestia currently contains only one species: C. hyloraina Lindeman, 1990 . Cerrorchestia taboukeli sp. nov. differs from C. hyloraina in several characteristics: maxilliped inner plate bordered by 4 robust pappose setae; number of setae on posterior margin of basis of gnathopod 1; gnathopod 2 carpus triangular, very small, palm longer than wide; pereopods 3–4 sexually dimorphic; pereopod 4 with a denticulate patch; pereopod 5 base ovate with deep posterodistal lobe reaching distal end of ischium; pereopod 6 coxa bilobed without carina; pleopod 3 peduncle with 8 articles; uropod 1 peduncle with 1 row of 5 setae; uropod 3 ramus with 1 dorsal marginal seta; telson sexually dimorphic, telson of males wider than long, cleft until half of length, each lobe with 2 or 3 marginal and 2 apical setae, telson of female weakly cleft with one group of 3 marginal setae on each lobe and 2–3 apical setae.

Identification key to known species of terrestrial amphipods from Central America and Caribbean Islands (updated from Lindeman 1990)

1. Gnathopod 2 sexually dimorphic, gnathopod 2 longer than gnathopod 1 ........................................ 2 – Gnathopod 2 not sexually dimorphic, gnathopods 1 and 2 similar in size ....................................... 4

2. Pleopods 1–3 vestigial; uropod 1 without an interramal seta .... Cariborchestia xerophila Smith, 1998 View in CoL – Pleopods 1–3 multi-articulated, normally developed; uropod 1 with an interramal seta ................. 3

3. Gnathopod 2 carpus longer than wide, palm almost round, pereopod 3 dactylus without denticulate patch, pereopod 5 basis ovate without posterodistal lobe, pleopod 3 with up to 6 articles ............................................................................... Cerrorchestia hyloraina Lindeman, 1990

– Gnathopod 2 carpus short, palm longer than wide, pereopod 4 dactylus with a denticulate patch, pereopod 5 basis ovate with a deep posterodistal lobe reaching the distal end of the ischium, pleopod 3 ramus with more than 6 articles...................................... Cerrorchestia taboukeli sp. nov.

4. Pleopod 3 ramus vestigial; uropod 1 interramal seta with hooked spade-like tip, uropod 2 outer ramus lacking dorsal setae ................................................................................................................ 5

– Pleopod 3 ramus multi-articulated; uropod 1 interramal seta simple, uropod 2 outer ramus with dorsal setae ........................................................................................................................................ 6

5. Uropod 1 peduncle with simple setae, pleopod 3 peduncle 0.4 × as long as uropod 2 peduncle, antenna 2 flagellum as long as or smaller than the peduncle, maximum size of adults 7 mm ...................................................................................... Talitroides alluaudi (Chevreux, 1896)

– Uropod 1 peduncle with bifid setae, pleopod 3 peduncle>0.6 × as long as uropod 2 peduncle, antenna 2 flagellum as long as or smaller than the peduncle, maximum size of adults 13 mm .......................................................................................... Talitroides topitotum (Burt, 1934)

6. Uropod 1 outer ramus without setae; pleopod rami equal in length or shorter than the peduncle ... 7

– Uropod 1 outer ramus with setae; pleopod rami longer than the peduncle ..................................... 10

7. Pleopod rami ⅓ of peduncle, telson quadrangular without dorsal setae uropod 3 base of peduncle narrow ........................................................................... Caribitroides genaroi Ortiz & Lalana, 2009

– Pleopod rami equal in length to peduncle, telson triangular with dorsal setae, uropod 3 base of peduncle wide ................................................................................................................................... 8

8. Pleopod 3 comparable in length to pleopod 2, rami of each pleopod approximately equal in length; maxilliped inner plate sparsely setose, with apical spine teeth distinct ................................................................................... Caribitroides newtoni Lindeman, 1990

– Pleopod 3 comparable in length to pleopod 2, rami of each pleopod unequal in length; maxilliped inner plate setose, with apical spine teeth distinct ............................................................................ 9

9. Pleopod rami distinctly unequal, outer shorter; telson lobes with 1 apical seta ..................................................................................... Caribitroides tuxtlensis Lindeman, 1990

– Pleopod 1–2 rami distinctly unequal, inner rami shorter, pleopod 3 rami subequal; telson lobes with 2–3 apical setae ............................................................... Caribitroides jamaicensis Bousfield, 1984

10. Epimeron 3 quadrate; coxal plate 6 without tiny spines anterior to carina; maxilliped palp article 2 wide (medially much wider than article 3) ...................... Mexitroides chiapensis ( Lindeman, 1990)

– Epimeron 3 with distinctive curved ventral margin; coxal plate 6 with tiny spines anterior and posterior to carina; maxilliped palp article 2 narrow (medially little wider than article 3) ................................................................................... Mexitroides pecki ( Lindeman, 1990)

Ecology and distribution

Cerrorchestia taboukeli sp. nov. was found in very wet conditions of the Pitons du Carbet Mountain Range (annual precipitation higher than 6000 mm per year) always at an altitude higher than 1000 m. At this altitude, the cloud forest is sparse, alternating with mountain grassland ( Fig. 6A View Fig ). It is worth noting that C. taboukeli sp. nov. was found only under tree patches in a shaded environment where leaves of Clusia mangle and Schefflera attenuate create a thick litter layer on the soil. During daylight, the animals rest almost motionless under the leaf litter unless disturbed, in which cases they actively jump in search for shelter. Live C. taboukeli sp. nov. are very dark brownish red ( Fig. 6A View Fig ). Using a quadrat of 25 × 25 cm, the population density was estimated to be, on average, 196 ± 112 ind/m 2 (n = 9). The sex ratio of adults was biased toward females, and juveniles represented more than 75% of the population during the sampling period. The other species of the genus, C. hyloraina , is known from Panama to Costa Rica in similar environmental conditions ( Lindeman 1990). The species live in leaf litter of cloud forest with an andosol developed on volcanic rocks (andesite). The main soil characteristics are given in Table 1 View Table 1 .

To date, the distribution of C. taboukeli sp. nov. is restricted to only two localities in the Pitons du Carbet Mountain Range ( Martinique Island). Prospecting the three other islands of Lesser Antilles having large mountain ranges covered by tropical rainforest (i.e., Guadeloupe, Dominica and St Lucia) could elucidate whether other species of forest-hopper talitrids inhabit the Lesser Antilles and also whether C. taboukeli sp. nov. is strictly endemic to Martinique.