Ceratocranus agamopsyche (Kirkaldy, 1906), 2025

Fujinuma, Satoshi & Hayashi, Masami, 2025, Taxonomic revision of Japanese Stenocranus (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae), Zootaxa 5706 (3), pp. 301-336 : 330-331

Ceratocranus agamopsyche (Kirkaldy, 1906) comb. nov.

[Japanese name: Taiwan-naga-unka]

( Figs 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 14 , 16 )

Stenocranus agamopsyche Kirkaldy, 1906: 409 [ Type locality: Australia ( Queensland: Cairns )].

Stenocranus philippinensis Muir, 1917: 323 [ Type locality: Philippines (Luzon)].

Stenocranus formosanus Matsumura, 1935: 128 [ Type locality: Taiwan ( Kagi , Heito)] syn. nov.

Lectotype designation. Among the syntypes of Stenocranus formosanus Matsumura , one male and one female are preserved with a red label on the same pin; thus, the male is designated as the lectotype.

Type material examined. Holotype ♀ ( BPBM), “Cairns, Q. Austr. 7 1904. // (red label) Type of agamopsyche Kirk. // Stenocranus agamopsyche 1034 Kirk” . Lectotype ♂ of S. formosanus (here designated; SEHU), “ Formosa Matsumura, (underside) IV/26, 1907 [ Kagi (= Chiayi) (in Japanese )] // Stenocran. formosanus Mats. // (red label, no letter)” . Paralectotypes: 1♀ ( SEHU), same data as lectotype ; 1♀ ( SEHU), “ Formosa Matsumura , (under side) 12/VII 1906 Akô ” .

Other material examined. [Kyushu] 1♂ ( SF), Sadowaracho-Shimonaka , Miyazaki, Miyazaki Pref., 23. X. 2019, T. Nozaki; [ Okinawa Is.] 4♂ 12♀ ( SF), Hiji Riv., Hiji, Kunigami , 16. VII. 2022, S. Fujinuma ; 3♂ 2♀ ( SF), Kawata, Higashi , 3–4. V. 2010, S. Fujinuma ; 1♀ ( MH), Haneji-Ôkawa, Nago , 16. V. 1993 ( light trap), M. Hayashi et al .; 3♂ 3♀ ( SF), Yaka, Kin , 1. V. 2013, S. Fujinuma; [ Iriomote Is.] 1♂ ( MH), Funaura , 28. IX. 1995 ( light trap), M. Hayashi et al .; 3♂ 2♀ ( MH), Mitara , 7. XI. 1985, M. Hayashi et al .; 2♀ ( MH), same data except 24. VI. 1992, M. Hayashi et al .; 2♂ 2♀ ( MH), same data except 15. III. 2000, M. Hayashi et al .; 1♂ ( SF), Urauchi , 28. XII. 2006, T. Ishizaki .

Redescription. General coloration stramineous. Frons with distinct dark stripes. Genae with distinct dark stripes. Mid-dorsal parts of vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum paler. Pronotum and mesonotum with dark stripes along lateral margins. Forewings with dark markings on apices of apical veins. Legs with dark stripes. Male pygofer stramineous except anterior margin narrowly to broadly darker.

Vertex about 1.7× as long as wide. Frons about 3.0× as long as wide; median carina forked in apical 1/3. Antennal segment II about 4.5× as long as wide. Forewings with venation as in the generic description. Post-tibial spur with 14–17 fine teeth.

Body length (mean): ♂ 4.7–5.0 mm ( 4.9 mm); ♀ 5.4–5.7 mm ( 5.6 mm).

Male genitalia: Pygofer rectangular in lateral view, strongly produced caudad in dorsal half of caudal margin; oval in caudal view; diaphragm broad, weakly concave in dorsomedial part. Suspensorium with very small protrusion on left dorsal part. Gonostyles very broad in widest view, with a small protrusion on inner side of subapex; basal angles with a large and flat process on its corner. Phallotheca broad in lateral view, ridged ventrally; opening on right side of midlength; left part elongated, rounded dorsally; two apical processes: dorsal process long, hooked; ventral process short, falcate. Anal tube rectangular in lateral view; ventral margin with one pair of short processes near midlength. Female genitalia: Gonapophyses VIII, IX, and gonoplacs as in the generic description; gonapophyses IX with 16–18 teeth on dorsal margin.

Distribution. Japan (Kyushu, Okinawa Is., Ishigaki Is., Iriomote Is.), Taiwan, China, Philippines (Luzon), South Mariana Isls. ( Guam Is.), Western Caroline Isls. ( Palau Is., Yap Is.), Australia ( Queensland).

Remarks. Japanese specimens of this species are consistent with the original description of Stenocranus philippinensis Muir (junior synonym of this species) in having the gonostyle with a subapical protrusion and the phallotheca with long apical and short basal processes. However, they are partly inconsistent with the holotype in BPBM in habitus. Moreover, the additional description of this species by Kirkaldy (1907) is also partly inconsistent with S. philippinensis , as noted by Fennah (1956). Therefore, the extent of variation of this species should be redefined. Hayashi (1997) newly recorded this species from Japan and suggested the synonymy of this species and Stenocranus formosanus Matsumura from Taiwan. Examination of the syntypes of S. formosanus revealed that the genital structures, particularly the gonostyle with a large and flat process, are identical to those of this species. Thus, S. formosanus should be considered a junior synonym of C. agamopsyche .

Biological notes. This species is widely distributed from low mountainous to coastal wetlands in the Ryukyus and feeds on Phragmites australis (Cav.) ( Poaceae ). Adults and nymphs are assembled around the young leaves of the host plant, and females lay eggs in the basal part of the leaves. This species is probably multivoltine in the Ryukyus and is frequently attracted to lights.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Habitus, faces, forewings, and hind legs of Stenocranus and Ceratocranus gen. nov. (all males). A, winter form; B, summer form.—A, B, E, S. tonghuaensis; C, F, L, C. agamopsyche; D, G, M, O, C. aurantius sp. nov.; H, S. niisimai; I, N, S. tamagawanus; J, S. kisimotoi sp. nov.; K, S. takasagonis. Scales: 1.0 mm (A–D, H–M), 0.5 mm (N, O).

FIGURE 5. Habitus and labels of type material of Stenocranus (all males except G, K, M, Q). D, J, under side of locality label is surrounded by dotted line.—A, B, S. tateyamanus (lectotype); C, D, S. sukumonus (lectotype); E, F, S. takasagonis (lectotype); G, H, S. fallax (lectotype); I, J, S. formosanus (lectotype); K, L, S. akashiensis (lectotype); M, N, S. ogasawarensis (lectotype); O, S. hopponis (syntype); P, S. silvicola (holotype); Q, S. agamopsyche (holotype); R, S. pacificus (holotype).

FIGURE 7. Female genitalia of Stenocranus and Ceratocranus gen. nov. A, B, gonapophysis IX covered with gonapophysis VIII in dorsal view; C–H, apical part of gonapophysis VIII in ventral view.—A, S. takasagonis; B, C. agamopsyche; C, S. niisimai; D, S. tamagawanus; E, S. sapporensis; F, S. kisimotoi sp. nov.; G, S. fallax; H, C. aurantius sp. nov.

FIGURE 9. Male genitalia of Stenocranus and Ceratocranus gen. nov. in lateral view.—A, S. niisimai; B, S. tamagawanus; C, S. sapporensis; D, S. harimensis; E, S. tateyamanus; F, S. kisimotoi sp. nov.; G, S. takasagonis; H, S. fallax; I, S. chenzhouensis; J, S. tonghuaensis; K, C. agamopsyche; L, C. aurantius sp. nov. Scales: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 10. Male genitalia of Stenocranus and Ceratocranus gen. nov. in ventrocaudal view.—A, S. niisimai; B, S. tamagawanus; C, S. sapporensis; D, S. harimensis; E, S. tateyamanus; F, S. kisimotoi sp. nov.; G, S. takasagonis; H, S. fallax; I, S. chenzhouensis; J, S. tonghuaensis; K, C. agamopsyche; L, C. aurantius sp. nov. Scales: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 14. Male genitalia (A–J) and female genitalia (K–M) of Stenocranus and Ceratocranus gen. nov. A–C, phallotheca in lateral view; D–F, same in ventral view; G, suspensorium in anterior view; H–J, gonostyle in widest view; K–M, gonoplac in ventral view.—A, D, H, K, S. tonghuaensis; B, E, I, L, C. agamopsyche; C, F, G, J, M, C. aurantius sp. nov.

FIGURE 16. Oviposition holes and eggs of stenocranine genera on plants. A, D, oviposition holes covered with wax; B, E, G, the holes removed wax; C, F, H, K, N, P, eggs in the holes.—A–C, S. fallax on Carex dispalata; D–F, S. chenzhouensis on C. dispalata; G, H, S. tonghuaensis on C. dispalata; I–K, C. agamopsyche on Phragmites australis; L–N, T. singularis on P. australis; O, P, P. yasumatsui (Ishihara) on Carex sp.