Carneiola herbivora ( Arrow, 1937 ), 2025

Duarte, Paulo R. M. & Grossi, Paschoal C., 2025, Taxonomic revision of Carneiola Endrödi, 1974 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini): a Neotropical genus originally misdescribed from New Zealand, Zootaxa 5716 (4), pp. 579-585 : 580-583

Carneiola herbivora ( Arrow, 1937) , new combination

Ligyrus herbivorus Arrow, 1937: 44 (original description)

Bothynus herbivorus Endrödi 1969: 108 (as new combination), 126 (redescription)

Bothynus perforatus Arrow, 1937: 45 (original description); Endrödi 1969: 126 (synonymization)

Carneiola zealandica Endrödi, 1974: 28 (original description). New synonymy

Type material examined. Ligyrus herbivorus : lectotype male at NHM, here designated, labeled:A) “SYN \ TYPE” [rounded label with blue border]; B) “ Type ” [rounded label with red border]; C) “BR. GUIANA \ Georgetown \ Georgetown Golf Course \ Dec. 31, 1934 \ C. Willians ”; D) “Pres.by \ Imp.Inst.Ent. \ B.M.1936-61”; E) “ Ligyrus \ herbivorus, \ type arrow” [handwritten]. ( Fig. 2A, B )

Bothynus perforatus : lectotype male at NHM, here designated, labeled: A) “ SYN- \TYPE” [rounded label with blue border]; B) “19694”; C) “Venez. a ”; D) “Fry Coll. \ 1905.100.”; E) “ Bothynus \ perforatus am \ M.E Bacchus det. 1970 \ syntype ”; F) “NHMUK 016412761” [QR code printed] ( Fig. 2 C, D ).

Five paralectotypes examined. One female with same data as lectotype, except by two labels: A) “19673”; B) “NHMUK 016412765” . One male, labeled: “ SYN- \ TYPE” [rounded label with blue border; B) “ Type ” [rounded label with red border]; C) “ Antilles \ Trinidad ”; D) “ Fry.Coll. \ 1905.100”; E) “30977”; F) “ Bothynus \ perforatus, \ type Arrow ”; G) “NHMUK 016412760” [QR code printed] . One female, labeled: A) “SYN-TYPE” [rounded label with blue border]; B) “Antilles \ Trinidad ”; C) “Fry.Coll. \ 1905.100.”; D) “ Bothynus \ perforatus am \ M.E. Bacchus det. 1970 \ SYNTYPE ”; E) “NHMUK016412764” [QR code printed] . One male, labeled: A) “ SYN- \ TYPE” [rounded label with blue border]; B) “ Nevinson Coll. \ 1918-14.”; C) “ Bothynus ocellatus” [partially illegible] \ Colombia ”; D) “ Bothynus \ perforatus am \ M. E. Bacchus det. 1970 \ SYNTYPE ”; E) “NHMUK 016412762” [QR code printed] . One male, labeled: A) “ SYN- \ TYPE” [rounded label with blue border]; B) “ Colombia \ 1920.298”; C) “ Bothynus \ perforatus am \ M. E. Bacchus det. 1970 \ SYNTYPE ”; D) “NHMUK 016412763” [QR code printed] .

Carneiola zealandica : holotype female at HNHM, labeled: A) “ Neu \ Seeland ” [handwritten]; B) “Vidit 1976 \ R.-P.Dechambre ”; C ) “ Holotypus ♀ \ Carneiola \ zealandae \ Endr. ” [partially handwritten, label with red border] ( Fig. 2 E, F ) . Paratype at HNHM, labeled: A) “Neu \ Seeland” [handwritten]; B ) “ Paratypus \ Carneiola \ zealandae \ Endr. ” [partially handwritten, label with red border] .

Non-type material examined. COLOMBIA: CHOCÓ: Quibdó, Pacurita , x.2016.—1M ( CERPE) [possibly mislabeled specimen]; GUAVIARE: Llanos de Yarí, resguardo indígena, Yaguara, Zona de trasición Orinoquia- Amazonía , 01°42´51.63´´N, 73º37´50.93´´W, WGS 84, 24.01.2024, J. Neita. —8M, 4F (IAvH-E) ; CASANARE: Aguazuk, Vda. San José de Bubuy, Finca el Cabrestero , 5º6´N, 224m alt, captura nanual em suelo, 5-v-2012, V. Suaárez, UNAB—1M (IAvH-E) ; META: Cubarral, Finca, Rosania , Bosque húmedo tropical, 03°49´46.56´´N, 73°49´59.21´´W, WGS 84, 620 m, Luz Establo , 1-30.iv.2018, A. Lopera, W. Chamorro. —1M, 2F (IAvH-E); same data, except by “ iv.2018 – 1F (IAvH-E)” ; META: Acacias, Vereda la Primavera, Ecoreserva ASA la Guanupaya , Bosque ripario asociado a pastizal, 03°53´23.48´´N, 73°35´2.77´´W, WGS 84, 355 m, trampa malaise, 11-iv- 2023, Biomonitores ASA—1F (IAvH-E) ; CASANARE: Paz de Ariporo , 28-iv-1997, Ávila leg.—1F (IAvH-E) . VENEZUELA: ARAGUA, Jabillal, sur le Caura Bolivar, vi.1999, P. Rouche leg.—1M ( CERPE). One female with no data—( FDPC) .

Male redescription. See Fig. 3A . Length: 16.2–17.1 mm. Width: 9.0– 9.2 mm. Color: Mostly reddish, sometimes dark reddish. Head: Dorsal surface flattened, with no tubercles, carina or visible suture. Clypeus subtriangular, with two upturned teeth produced on anterior margin; lateroposterior region, in lateral view, bearing a downward produced process close to ocular canthus; clypeal surface transversely rugose, glabrous. Frons glabrous, transversely rugose, with large and deep punctures transversely arranged on posterior region between eyes. Ocular canthus transverse, subrectangular, glabrous. Antenna: Formed by 10 antennomeres; club oval, subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7 combined. Mouthparts: Mandible bearing three teeth produced on outer margin; apical and medial teeth subtriangular, basal lobed and smaller than previous ones. Maxillary galea bearing four small teeth; apex acute, slightly curved; galea twice longer than mesostipe. Labium subtriangular, densely setose, densely punctate, apex truncated at middle. Thorax: Pronotum with a transverse tubercle contiguous to middle of anterior margin; anterior half excavated at middle, in oval shape; pronotal surface glabrous, densely rugopunctate lateroanteriorly, lateroposteriorly with large and dense punctures close to margins, gradually becoming smaller, shallow, and sparser toward discal region; excavation from transversely rugose to rugopunctate (punctures large and transverse). Prosternal process short, conical, produced bellow procoxae. Scutellar plate subtriangular, as long as wide, glabrous, scarcely punctate; punctures small. Elytra glabrous, covered with 7–8 longitudinal rows of large, dense ocellated punctures; punctures on interstria irregularly scattered; striae indistinct. Mesoventrite transversely covered with a fringe of pale yellow setae; sides densely punctate, disc weakly punctate. Metaventrite densely rugopunctate and setose on sides; disc smooth longitudinally. Abdomen: Tergite VII not produced posteriorly; surface transversely covered with, dense, transverse, setigerous punctures. Tergite VIII not constricted by tergite VII; surface flattened, glabrous, covered with large, deep punctures. Ventrites I–V with a transverse row of setigerous punctures confined to sides, disc smooth; ventrite VI transversely covered with setae arranged on posterior margin. Aedeagus: Parameres, in caudal view, elongate, symmetrical; inner margins subparallels; outer margins divergent at basal half, becoming convergent toward apical half, forming an angulation at middle; subapical outer margins with a triangular process; apex axe-shaped, broadened ( Fig. 1D ). Parameres, in lateral view, arched dorsally, acute basally, apex downward produced. Legs: Protarsal claws simple (with no incision or dilatation). Protarsomere 5 twice longer than tarsomere 1; tarsomeres 1–4 subequal in length. Protibia bearing three teeth produced on outer margin. Mesotarsomere 5 subequal in length to tarsomeres 3–4 combined; mesotarsomeres 2–4 subequal in length; tarsomere 1 broader, bearing a spiniform process produced on outer apex. Mesotibia bearing two triangular teeth on apex; apical disc glabrous; outer surface bearing two carinae (one basal, one medial); medial carina distinctly crenulated. Metatarsi similar to mesotarsi. Metatibia similar to mesotibia, except by its larger size and apical teeth stronger produced. Metafemur oval shaped, broader compared to mesofemur.

Female redescription. See Fig. 3B . Similar to male, but distinct by the following aspects: Thorax: Pronotum with no excavation; tubercle small, nearly obsolete; punctures denser and larger. Elytral punctures denser and larger, predominantly contiguous. Abdomen: Tergite VIII with a discal excavation ( Fig. 1F ). Ventrite VI subtrapezoidal, rugopunctate on sides, smooth on a longitudinal region at the disc.

Distribution. Known from the eastern parts of the Andes Mountains in Colombia, Guyana, Trinidad, and Venezuela ( Fig. 3C ). An examined specimen from Chocó (Quibdó, Pacurita) is likely mislabeled once this locality record is in the occidental Andean portion, since this mountain range acts as geographic barrier for species isolation (allopatry).

Nomenclatural act. The specific epithet “ herbivorus ” is changed to “ herbivora ” to match the female gender of the genus Carneiola .

Remarks. The spelling on the type labels of C. zealadica appears as “zealandiae”, in disagreement with “zealandica ”, as presented in the original description text. However, according to International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999), the spelling presented in the original description is to be considered correct. Currently, C. herbivora is the only species in the genus, however, a second related species is being described (Brett Ratcliffe, personal communication).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Diagnostical characters of C. herbivora: A) head, in dorsal view; B) head, in lateral view (red arrow point to the lateroposterior downward process; C) metatibia (red arrow points to apical teeth); D) parameres, in caudal view; E) tergites VII–VIII and metatibial apex, in lateral view (red arrow points to the bumps of tergite VIII, white arrow point to a metatibial glabrous apex); F) tergites VII–VIII, in caudal view (red arrow point to a central excavation, white arrow point to absence of stridulatory striae).

FIGURE 2. Type material: A, B) Ligyrus herbivorus Arrow, 1937 lectotype habitus and labels, respectively; C, D) Bothynus perforatus Arrow, 1937 lectotype habitus and labels, respectively; E, F) Carneiola zealandica Endrödi, 1974 holotype (not to scale) and labels, respectively; G) tergite VIII of C. zealandica, in caudal view (not to scale) with black arrow indicating the excavation.

FIGURE 3. Carneiola herbivora: A) male, in dorsal view; B) female, in dorsal view (credits: Fabien Dupuis); C) distribution map (the type locality of C. herbivora is indicated by a black circle, while a red circle indicates a possible mislabeled record).