Cambalida coriacea Simon, 1909

Haddad, Charles Richard, 2012, A revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Cambalida Simon, 1909 (Araneae, Corinnidae), ZooKeys 234, pp. 67-119 : 78-82

Cambalida coriacea Simon, 1909 Figures 51, 61-64

Cambalida coriacea Simon 1909: 370; Bosselaers and Jocqué 2000: 315, figs 3D, 4 A–H; Bosselaers and Jocqué 2002: 244, figs 9 A–F.

Type material.

Holotype female. SIERRA LEONE: Free Town [08°29'N, 13°14'W], MNHN 24399 (examined).

Other material examined.

CAMEROON: Chabal Mbabo, SW Slope, 07°25'N, 12°49'E, 1200m a.s.l., leg. Bosmans & Van Stalle, 8.IV.1983 (gallery forest, litter), 1♀ (MRAC 162248); Same locality, 1250m a.s.l., leg. Bosmans & Van Stalle, 7-13.IV.1983 (gallery forest, pitfalls), 3♂ (MRAC 162198); Same locality, 1400m a.s.l., leg. Bosmans & Van Stalle, 11.IV.1983 (gallery forest, litter), 1imm. 2♂ (MRAC 162202); Same locality, 1600m a.s.l., leg. Bosmans & Van Stalle, 10.IV.1983 (transition gallery forest to grassland, sweep-net), 1♂ (MRAC 162204); Same locality, 1600m a.s.l., leg. Bosmans & Van Stalle, 7-13.IV.1983 (gallery forest, pitfalls), 1♂ (MRAC 162213); Faro Game Reserve, 08°24'N, 12°49'E, leg., R. Jocqué, K. Loosveldt, L. Baert & M. Alderweireldt, 27.IV.2007 (mature gallery forest, sieving), 1♂ (MRAC 221324); Matute, Tiko Plantation [04°04'N, 09°21'E], leg. B. Malkin, 24. IV– 6.V.1949, 1♀ (CAS, CASENT 9033096); Mbam mountain area, near Koutoupi, W slope, 05°54'N, 10°44'E, 1500m a.s.l., leg. Bosmans & Van Stalle, 30.III.1983 (gallery forest), 1♀ (MRAC 162196); Same locality, 1950m a.s.l., leg. Bosmans & Van Stalle, 30. III– 3.IV.1983 (grassland), 1imm. 1♀ (MRAC 162197); Same locality, 1580m a.s.l., leg. Bosmans & Van Stalle, 30.III.1983 (transition gallery forest to grassland), 1♀ (MRAC 162242); Same locality, 1580m a.s.l., leg. Bosmans & Van Stalle, 30.III.1983 (transition gallery forest to grassland, pitfalls), 1♂ (MRAC 162201); Same locality, 1100m a.s.l., leg. Bosmans & Van Stalle, 31.III.1983 (forest, litter), 1♂ (MRAC 162209). D.R. CONGO: North Kivu: Parc National Albert, sector Tshiaberimu, Riv. Talya Nord afl. Semliki, 01°13'N, 30°32'E, 2340m a.s.l., leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave, 26.III.1954 (Berlese), 1♂ (MRAC 216076), 1♂ (MRAC 216101). Tshopo: Kisangani, forêt de Masako, 00°35'N, 25°11'E, leg. J.-L. Juakaly, 17.XII.2002 (young fallow, pitfall), 2♂ (MRAC 214425); Same locality, leg. J.-L. Juakaly, 11.III.2003 (secondary forest of 40 years old, pitfall), 1♂ (MRAC 214426); Same locality, leg. J.-L. Juakaly, 2.VII.2002 (old fallow, pitfall), 1imm. 2♂ (MRAC 214427); Same locality, leg. J.-L. Juakaly, 24.IX.2002 (young secondary forest, pitfall), 1♂ (MRAC 214580); Kisangani, University campus, 00°31'N, 25°11'E, leg. R. Jocqué, 13.XII.2007 (garden, by hand), 1♂ (MRAC 222506). GABON: Woleu-Ntem, Assok-Ngum, 01°45'N, 11°39'E, leg. A. Pauly, 24.II.1986 (coupe forestière, piège eau), 2♂ (MRAC 172865). GHANA: Kakum Forest, 05°20'N, 01°23'W, 159m a.s.l., leg. R. Jocqué, D. de Bakker & L. Baert, 16.XI.2005 (sieving litter, secondary forest), 1♂ (MRAC 217222). GUINÉE: Forêt classée de Ziama, 08°24'N, 09°17'W, leg. D. Flomo, 21.I.1999 (rain forest, pitfalls), 1♂ (MRAC 218217); Same data, 17.II.2000, 1♂ (MRAC 218219); Same data, 26.IV.1999, 1♀ (MRAC 217955); Same data, 30.VI.1999, 1♂ (MRAC 218220); Same data, 4.II.2000, 1♂ (MRAC 218221); Same data, 15.II.1999, 2♂ (MRAC 218222). IVORY COAST: Abengourou, Forêt classée de Bossematié, 06°37'N, 03°27'W, leg. M. Mühlenberg, 12.III.1993 (rain forest), 1♂ (MRAC 177079); Appouesso, Forêt classée de la Bossematié, 06°35'N, 03°28'W, leg. R. Jocqué & N. Séabé, 30.XI.1994 (rain forest), 1♂ (MRAC 202965); Same locality, leg. R. Jocqué, 1.XII.1994 (modified Malaise trap), 1♂ (MRAC 200938); Same locality, leg. R. Jocqué & Tanoh, 12.III.1995 (forest, pitfall), 1♀ (MRAC 204297); Same data, 26.III.1995, 1♀ (MRAC 204288); Same data, 9.IV.1995, 1♂ (MRAC 204284); Same data, 23.IV.1995, 1♂ (MRAC 204302); Same data, 7.V.1995, 1♂ (MRAC 204283); Same data, 20.V.1995, 1♀ (MRAC 204299), 1♀ (MRAC 204301), 1♂ (MRAC 204303), 1♂ 1♀ (MRAC 204304); Same data, 4.VI.1995, 1♂ (MRAC 204282), 1♀ (MRAC 204300), 1♂ (MRAC 204291); Same data, 18.VI.1995, 1♂ (MRAC 204295), 1♂ (MRAC 204298); Same data, 2.VII.1995, 2♂ 1♀ (MRAC 204285); Same data, 5.XI.1995, 1♂ (MRAC 204296), 1♂ (MRAC 204294); Same data, 19.II.1997, 1♀ (MRAC 205389); Bouaflé, 06°59'N, 05°45'W, leg. J. Everts, 12.I.1981 (pitfalls), 1♂ 5♀ (MRAC 174000); Bouaké, F.-Foro, 07°41'N, 05°02'W, leg. G. Couturier, 5-7.VIII.1974 ( piège coloré), 1♀ (MRAC 216372); Guiglo [06°32'N, 07°29'W], leg. Verheyen & Thys van den Audenaerde, 5.VIII.1966, 1♀ (MRAC 131446); Mankono, Ranch de la Marahoué, 08°27'N, 06°52'W, leg. J. Everts, I.1980 (riverine forest), 1♂ (MRAC 172274); Same data, II.1980, 1♂ (MRAC 172249); Same data, III.1980, 8♂ 1♀ (MRAC 172252); Same data, III.1980, 1♂ (MRAC 172261); Touba [08°16'N, 07°41'W], leg. A. Russell-Smith, VII–X.1994, 3♀ (PCRS). LIBERIA: Bong Range Forest, 06°49'N, 10°17'W, leg. D. Flomo, 30.V.2005 (pitfalls in rain forest), 1♀ (MRAC 217132). NIGERIA: Lagos State, Iseri [Isheri, 06°38'N, 03°23'E], leg. B. Malkin, 9-10.IV.1949, 1♀ (CAS, CASENT 9033092). UGANDA: Rubaga, 00°18'N, 32°33'E, leg. D. Penney, VI.1994 (pitfall traps in compound), 1♂ (MRAC 219541).

Diagnosis.

Females can be recognised by the relatively long entrance ducts that are initially directed anterolaterally before looping posteriorly, medially and then anteriorly before entering triangular ST II (Figs 61, 62). Males have an embolus with a triangular basal section, and distal section of the coil narrow and tapering to a sharp point (Figs 51, 63, 64).

Female

(Matute, CASENT 9033096). Measurements: CL 2.04, CW 1.53, AL 2.50, AW 1.80, TL 4.60 (4.50-5.68), FL 0.20, SL 0.94, SW 0.91, AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.02, ALE–ALE 0.29, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.04, PLE–PLE 0.44, PERW 0.65, MOQAW 0.28, MOQPW 0.39, MOQL 0.38.

Length of leg segments (sequence from femur to tarsus, and total): I 1.53 + 0.62 + 1.24 + 1.22 + 0.80 = 5.41; II 1.43 + 0.60 + 1.06 + 1.11 + 0.73 = 4.93; III 1.25 + 0.57 + 0.95 + 1.20 + 0.65 = 4.62; IV 1.83 + 0.67 + 1.60 + 1.90 + 0.77 = 6.77.

Carapace deep orange-brown, clypeus yellow, eye region darker; mottled black striae radiating from fovea towards palps and leg coxae; surface finely granulate, sparsely covered in white plumose setae. All eyes with black rings; AER procurved, ALE much larger than AME; AME separated by distance slightly more than ½ their diameter, AME separated from ALE by distance slightly more than ⅛ AME diameter; clypeus height slightly larger than 1¼ AME diameter; PER procurved, PME slightly larger than PLE; PME separated by distance equal to 3∕5 their diameter, PME separated from PLE by distance equal to ¼ PME diameter; CW:PERW = 2.35:1. Chelicerae pale orange-brown, with black mottling on anterior surface; three teeth on promargin, median tooth largest, distal tooth smallest, situated closest to median tooth; two teeth on retromargin, separated by their basal width, distal tooth slightly smaller than proximal tooth, closer to fang base than promarginal teeth; endites yellow with faint black mottling, cream prolaterally; labium yellow-brown, cream distally; sternum pale orange-brown with black mottling. Legs finely granulate; femora I–IV brown, yellow proximally and distally, with paired yellow stripes dorsally in distal half; patellae I–IV yellow, with faint mottled brown prolateral spot, retrolateral end fringed with brown, marking extending around patellar indentation; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi I and II yellow, with sparse brown mottling; tibiae III yellow with ventral brown band in distal third; tibiae IV yellow with broad brown median band and paired yellow stripes dorsally; metatarsi and tarsi III and IV yellow with faint brown mottling. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1 do 3, II pl 1 do 3, III pl 2 do 3 rl 1, IV pl 1 do 3 rl 1; patellae with do 1 long distal seta; tibiae: I plv 1 rlv 1, II rlv 1, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 1 vt 2, IV pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3. Palp with femora and patellae yellow, tibiae and tarsi yellow-orange, all with black mottling. Palpal spination: femora do 2, patellae pl 1 do 2, tibiae pl 1 do 1 plv 1, tarsi pl 1 plv 3 rlv 1. Abdomen mottled dark grey, with darker median stripe and orange dorsal scutum extending ¼ abdomen length; small white spot of dense plumose setae just above spinnerets; venter creamy-grey, darker towards spinnerets, epigastric sclerite and inframamillary sclerite orange-brown. Epigyne with lateral copulatory openings situated narrow curved epigynal ridges (Fig. 61); copulatory ducts initially directed anterolaterally, looping posteriorly and then transversely medially, bending sharply before entering subtriangular ST II posterolaterally; ST II joined broadly to kidney-shaped posterior ST I (Fig. 62).

Male

(Ibadan, BMNH). Measurements: CL 2.50, CW 1.84, AL 2.80, AW 1.65, TL 5.15 (4.90-5.40), FL 0.21, SL 1.10, SW 1.03, AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.02, ALE–ALE 0.32, PME–PME 0.11, PME–PLE 0.04, PLE–PLE 0.51, PERW 0.75, MOQAW 0.33, MOQPW 0.46, MOQL 0.45.

Length of leg segments (sequence from femur to tarsus, and total): I 2.00 + 0.75 + 1.78 + 1.85 + 1.22 = 7.60; II 1.78 + 0.73 + 1.40 + 1.57 + 1.00 = 6.48; III 1.67 + 0.70 + 1.25 + 1.65 + 0.82 = 6.09; IV 2.38 + 0.80 + 2.12 + 2.70 + 1.05 = 9.05.

Carapace bright orange-brown, clypeus bright yellow with black mottling medially, eye region with dense black mottling; black striae radiating from fovea towards palps and leg coxae; surface finely granulate, sparsely covered in white plumose setae. All eyes with black rings; AER procurved, ALE much larger than AME; AME separated by distance approximately 2∕5 their diameter, AME separated from ALE by ⅛ AME diameter; clypeus height equal to 12∕5 AME diameter; PER procurved, PME and PLE equal in diameter; PME separated by distance equal to 3∕5 their diameter, PME separated from PLE by distance slightly more than 1∕5 PME diameter; CW:PERW = 2.45:1. Chelicerae bright yellow-orange with black mottling on anterior surface, except distally; three teeth on promargin, median tooth largest, distal tooth slightly smaller than proximal tooth, distal tooth situated closest to median tooth; two slightly separated subequal teeth on retromargin, closer to fang base than promarginal teeth; endites yellow with black mottling, cream prolaterally; labium yellow-orange proximally, cream distally; sternum bright orange with black mottling. Legs finely granulate; legs I–III creamy-yellow, IV bright yellow, femora slightly darker, all with faint black mottling laterally. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1 do 3, II pl 1 do 3, III pl 2 do 3 rl 1, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae with do 1 long distal seta; tibiae: I plv 1 rlv 1, II rlv 2, III pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 2, IV pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 1 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora pl 1 do 2, patellae pl 1 spine do 2 short setae, tibiae pl 1 plv 1, tarsi pl 2 plv 2. Abdomen with dark orange-brown dorsal scutum with dense black mottling, extending ⅞ abdomen length, with small white spot of dense plumose setae just above spinnerets; posterior end of dorsum and sides of abdomen pale grey; venter pale grey, epigastric sclerite, post-epigastric sclerites and ventral sclerite orange-brown, inframamillary sclerite pale yellow-brown. Palps creamy-yellow, tarsi yellow, with faint black mottling; embolus forming a narrow coil, with a triangular basal section and distal section of the coil tapering to a sharp point (Figs 51, 63, 64).

Distribution.

Widespread in central and western Africa (Fig. 65).

Biology.

This species has been collected from a variety of tropical forest types, mainly by pitfall trapping, litter sifting and by hand.