Calendula suffruticosa subsp. monardii (Boiss. & Reut.) Ohle (1975b: 532)

Gonçalves, Ana Carla, Ouhammoud, Ahmed, Amirouche, Rachid, Santos, Conceição, Figueiredo, Estrela & Silveira, Paulo, 2023, A taxonomic revision of Calendula (Asteraceae) in Morocco, including some taxa from Algeria and Tunisia, Phytotaxa 605 (1), pp. 1-83 : 52

11j. Calendula suffruticosa subsp. monardii (Boiss. & Reut.) Ohle (1975b: 532) ; Le Floc’h & Boulos (2008: 80); Dobignard & Chatelain (2011: 189). Calendula monardii Boissier & Reuter in Boissier (1859: 108). Type:— ALGERIA. Sidi Ferruch, July 1830, Monard s.n. (holotype G! [G0386646]).

Description:––Perennial herbs. Stems (30) 55–67 (84) cm long, erect to ascending, with glandular pubescence predominating over non-glandular, sometimes white-arachnoid, pubescence. Basal leaves (3.2) 4.6–5.7 (6.5) × (0.6) 0.9–1.4 (2.1) cm, 0.5–0.6 (0.8) mm thick, obovate to oblong, apex acute to obtuse, margins sub-entire to slightly sinuate-dentate, lamina with few glandular and non-glandular hairs, and margins predominantly with white-arachnoid hairs. Capitula solitary, (2.5) 3.1–4 (4.6) cm diameter. Outer achenes rostrate (9) 13–18 (23) × (1.3) 1.5–1.8 (2.3) mm, ± straight or slightly curved, without dorsal spines, or with few and small, with or without a ventral basal tooth; middle achenes trialate (7.7) 10.2–13.5 (16.2) × (5.8) 8.3–9.8 (11.2) mm, margin of lateral wings slightly sinuate-dentate; inner achenes vermiculate-alate 3,8–5,3 x 2,5–2,7 (3,3); and vermiculate-exalate (3,3) 4,3–5,2 (6,3) x (1) 1,5–1,8 (2,7) mm, both circular. Figure 18 .

Habitat and distribution:— Coastal limestone rocks/cliffs and sandy dunes, near the sea, at elevations from see level to ± 300 m. It is found in semi-arid Mediterranean bio-climate. Distributed between Alger ( Algeria) and Cape Tabarka ( Tunisia).

Conservation status:—Critically Endangered (CR). This taxon is under numerous threats, especially due to development (infrastructures, urbanisation, tourism, leisure activities) and climate change (extreme weather). The subspecies is known from about five populations with a small-restricted range. The number of mature individuals is estimated to be <250 based on field observations. Based on our field data, the EOO is 16.264 km 2 and qualifies it for CR; the AOO is 20 km 2. Even though not all populations are considered, there is an inferred continuing decline in the AOO, quality of habitat and number of mature individuals. We propose a conservation status of CR B2b (ii, iv, v).

Chromosome number:— 2n = 32.

Genome size:—2.86 ± 0.07 pg.

Notes:— The type of C. monardii is at G, not at MPU as it was stated by Ohle (1975b: 532) .

Additional collections:— ALGERIA. Alger: Ain Benian (Guyotville), Plage de La Madrague , 13- [36°47’25” N, 2°53’56” E], 7 June 2013, P . Silveira , A. C. R. S . Gonçalves & R . Amirouche 3316 ( AVE!, ENSA!); near to the plage, 13 m [36°43’42” N, 2°50’27” E], 7 June 2013, P . Silveira , A. C. R. S . Gonçalves , & R . Amirouche 3317 ( AVE!, ENSA!); 13 m [36°41’25” N, 2°47’37” E], 7 June 2013, P . Silveira , A. C. R. S . Gonçalves & R . Amirouche 3318 ( AVE!, ENSA!) .

Figures

FIGURE 18. Variability of achene morphology of Calendula. A. C. suffruticosa subsp. monardii (Silveira, Gonçalves &Amirouche 3316, AVE); B. C. suffruticosa subsp. foliosa (Silveira, Gonçalves & Amirouche 3320, AVE); C. C. suffruticosa subsp. djurdjurensis (Silveira, Gonçalves & Amirouche 3321, AVE); D. C. suffruticosa subsp. tunetana (Silveira 3039d, AVE); E. C. suffruticosa subsp. suffruticosa (Silveira 3038, AVE); F. C. arvensis (S. Castro P35 in Silveira 3078, AVE). Rostrate achenes: A1, 2; B1-3; C1, 2; D1-4; E1, 2; F1, 2. Bialate achenes: B4-6. Trialate achenes:A3, 4; C3-5; D5, 6. Cymbiform achenes: E3-5; F3, 4. Vermicular-alate achenes: A5; D7; E6; F5. Vermiculate-exalate achenes: A6, B7, 8; C6, 7; D8; E7 and F6. All achenes in side view, except: A3, B4, B5, C4, D5, E3, E5 and F3 in ventral face view, and B6, C3, C5, D6, E4 and F4 in ± dorsal face view. Scale bars = 1 cm.