Jarava plumosa (Spreng.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett, Telopea

Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Sylvester, Mitsy D. P. V., Mapaura, Anthony & Ralph Clark, Vincent, 2021, New records of alien and potentially invasive grass (Poaceae) species for southern Africa, Bothalia (a 1) 51 (2), pp. 1-9 : 6

Jarava plumosa (Spreng.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett, Telopea 7(3): 301 (1997). Calamagrostis plumosa Spreng., Syst. Veg. , ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 253 (1824). Arundo plumosa (Spreng.) Schult., Mant. 3 (Schultes & Schultes f.) 604 (1827). Stipa papposa Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 377 (1829). Stipa papposa Delile, Ind. Sem.

Hort. Monsp. 7 (1849). Stipa delilei Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1(2): 126 (1854). Achnatherum papposum (Nees) Barkworth, Phytologia 74(1): 11 (1993). Type: [ URUGUAY] MONTEVIDEO. F. Sellow s.n. (holotype: B [not seen]; isotypes: US 00141669 [image!]) ex herb. Berol., HAL0106794 [image!] ex herb. Berol.) ( Figures 5 , 6 ).

= Stipa tenuiflora Phil., Linnaea 33(3-4): 281. 1864. Type : CHILE. Prov. Colchagua: prope Llico, Dec. 1861, L. Landbeck s.n. (holotype: not located; isotypes: BAA00002961 [image!], SGO000000750 [image!]).

= Stipa papposa fo. major Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 100. 1901. Type: not designated .

= Stipa papposa fo. minor Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 100. 1901. Type: not designated .

Distribution: For the entire African continent, J. plumosa was previously known from a single population on the University of Cape Town (UCT) campus collected in 1963 and 1980 ( Gibbs Russell et al. 1990; Fish et al. 2015). Our collection in the Eastern Cape extends the species range c. 950 km eastward. It is also feasible to say that the species has likely established in adjacent Lesotho, which was less than 100 m away on the opposite bank of the Telle River. Jarava plumosa has its native range in austral South America, covering central and eastern Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, to as far north as southern Brazil ( Zuloaga et al. 2008; Longhi-Wagner 2015; Figure 6 ). The species has also been documented as becoming naturalised in Adelaide, Australia ( Gardner et al. 1996; Wilson 2009), as well as California, USA ( Arriaga 2007), and Palestine ( Danin 2004).

Figures

Figure 5. Jarava plumosa; A, whole plant; B, inflorescence close-up; C, floret. Image A of R.J. Soreng et al. ZA-30 (US), B and C of R.J. Soreng et al. ZA-30 (PRE).

Figure 6. Jarava plumosa global distribution map, with country- or regional-level shading, taken and modified from POWO (2020).