Brevimunda trilineata, Tan & Japir & Chung & Robillard, 2022

Tan, Ming Kai, Japir, Razy, Chung, Arthur Y. C. & Robillard, Tony, 2022, New taxa and notes on bark and bush crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae Landrevinae and Podoscirtinae) from Sabah, Zootaxa 5178 (3), pp. 201-228 : 217-220

Brevimunda trilineata sp. nov.

( Figs 12–14 )

Material examined. Holotype: EAST MALAYSIA • ♂; Sabah State, Sepagaya Waterfall, near Lahad Datu ; N4.98364, E118.14537, 172.1± 6.4 m.a.s.l.; 13 May 2022, 12h10; on a foliage of an understory plant; coll. M.K. Tan & T. Robillard; SBH.22.57 ( FRC)

Paratype: 1♂; Sabah State, Sandakan, Sepilok, Kabili Sepilok Forest Reserve ; N5.86948, E117.93913, 36.4± 8.8 m.a.s.l.; 1 October 2019, 19h49; on a foliage; coll. M.K. Tan, R. Japir & J. Lee Yukang; SDK.19.72 ( MNHN)

Diagnosis. The new species differs from currently known Brevimunda by the apical segment of the maxillary palpi less strongly widened; the hind wings surpassing the FWs; by the pseudepiphallic lophi [apical epiphallic lobe] more elongated, slenderer and pointing dorsad (vs. broad in B. variegata ) and nearly perpendicular to the pseudepiphallus [epiphallus] (vs. pointing posterio-dorsad in B. kinabalu ); the pseudepiphallic paramere [ectoparamere] in ventral view more elongated and slenderer. The new species also differs from B. variegata by the cream-coloured/ yellow spot on the posterior margin of pronotal lateral lobe (instead of anterior-ventral angle) and from B. kinabalu by a darker overall colouration.

The pseudepiphallic lophi [apical epiphallic lobe] of the new species is also slender and pointing dorsad, somewhat resemble that of Mistshenkoana pileata Gorochov, 2008 from the Solomon Islands, but the new species differs from the latter by its distinct darker colouration.

Generic remarks. This new species certainly bears similarities with currently known Brevimunda such as the apical segment of the maxillary palpi strongly widened (but not so strongly widened as described by Gorochov [2007]); the lateral field of the FW with longitudinal veins parallel; and the male anal plate short and with a pair of characteristic small transverse lobes at upper (proximal) half. However, there also some key differences: the apical segment of the maxillary palpi (described above); the TI with both tympana open (instead of a small inner tympanum and no outer tympanum); the hind wings surpassing the FWs.

Etymology. The species name refers to the characteristic the three elongated white/ cream-coloured spots along M on the FW: at the basal third, in the middle (largest) and near the apical third.

Description. Habitus typical of the genus, medium sized, head, pronotum and FW mostly dark-coloured ( Fig. 12 ). Head with dorsum flattened, pubescent. Rostrum dark-coloured with two lateral white stripes, about 0.7 times as wide as scapes, with apex roundly truncated (in dorsal view) ( Fig. 13A ). Scapes dark-coloured. Eyes distinctly projected anteriorly in dorsal view ( Fig. 13A ). Median ocellus round and small; lateral ocelli oval, located near eyes. Maxillary palpi cream-coloured; with apical segment longest, dorso-posteriorly dark-coloured, flattened and widened, with obliquely-truncated apex; with subapical segment very short, cylindrical and expanding apically, dark-coloured at both ends; third segment longer than subapical segment, cylindrical ( Fig. 13B ). Face in anterior view 1.1 times taller than wide; dorsum half black, ventral half (including clypeus) cream-coloured ( Fig. 13C ). Gena cream-coloured with tint of dark ( Fig. 13B ). Pronotal disc dark brown, pubescent; about as wide as long, barely widening posteriorly (posterior margin 1.1 times as wide as anterior margin); finely pubescent, with a row of strong setae along posterior and anterior margins; anterior margin of disc broadly concave; posterior margin of disc angularly convex ( Fig. 13A ). Pronotal lateral lobe 1.4 times as long as high, dark-coloured, with a cream-coloured spot in the middle along the posterior margin ( Fig. 13B ). Metanotal gland absent ( Fig. 13D ). TI slightly swollen; with inner tympanum open and having elongate, oblong tympanal membrane; with outer tympanum also open and having smaller oval tympanal membrane; TIII with 5 inner and 5 outer long spines in distal half, with small denticles before most proximal spines. Legs generally cream-coloured with irregular and sparse dark spots; Fs with more dark spots in the apical half; Ts generally with more dark spots. FIII with a black ring at apical third, knees dark-coloured. TIII with dark rings. TaIII with basal half cream-coloured and posterior half dark-coloured. Thoracic and abdominal segments dark coloured.

Male. FW ( Figs 13E, 13F ) covering abdomen and surpassing apex of FIII. Colouration: yellow brown, with darker infumated spots; at the base with a diagonal white stripe across FW; along M with three elongated white/ cream-coloured spots at the basal third, in the middle (largest) and near apical third. Lateral field with intercalary triangle transparent, otherwise dark-coloured with dorsal half of cells between branches of Sc cream-coloured. Venation: without stridulatory organs, with longitudinal veins parallel; lateral field with R and M narrowly spaced apart, parallel and with transverse veins (especially in the basal half); branches of Sc parallel. Hind wings clearly surpassing FWs.

Anal plate at anterior half with a pair of characteristic small transverse lobes at upper (proximal) half yellow in colouration, posterior half with two rounded indentation, cream-coloured with dark margins; cerci cream-coloured; posterior margin emarginated in the middle ( Fig. 14A ). Subgenital plate typical of subgenus, cream-coloured with small dark spots. Male genitalia as shown in ( Figs 14B–D ): pseudepiphallus [epiphallus] elongated, tapering slightly posteriorly, divided into two parts at posterior end and roundly and narrowly excised; posterior end produced into pseudepiphallic lophi [apical epiphallic lobe]. Pseudepiphallic lophi [apical epiphallic lobe] in dorsal view long and slender and pointing posterior-externally with apex obtuse; in lateral view with also slender, pointing dorsad (nearly perpendicular to pseudepiphallus [epiphallus]), apex rounded and with one or a few strong setae. Pseudepiphallic paramere [ectoparamere] in ventral view elongated and slender (more so than congener), slightly curved, anterior end widened lamellate fan-like. Ectophallic fold [rachis] small, slender and straight, taper posteriorly with apex obtuse.

Female. Unknown.

Measurements (2♂, in mm). PronL = 2.1–2.2 (2.2); PronW = 2.2; FWL = 10.3–11.2 (10.8); HWT = 3.3; FIIIL = 9.3; TIIIL = 9.5.

Ecology. Unknown.

Distribution. Borneo, Sabah State: Sepagaya Waterfall, near Lahad Datu, Kabili Sepilok Forest Reserve

Type locality. EAST MALAYSIA, Sabah State, Sepagaya Waterfall, near Lahad Datu

Calling song. This species is mute.

Figures

FIGURE 12. Brevimunda trilineata sp. nov. ♂ in its natural environment: at Sepilok (SDK.19.72) (A) and at Sepagaya Waterfall (SBH.22.57) (B).

FIGURE 13. Brevimunda trilineata sp. nov. ♂ head and pronotum in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; face in anterior view (C); metanotal gland in dorsal view (D); FW dorsal field in dorsal view (E); FW lateral field in lateral view (F). Scale bars: 2 mm (E, F), 1 mm (rest).

FIGURE 14. Brevimunda trilineata sp. nov. ♂: male abdominal apex in dorsal view (A); genitalia in dorsal (B), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.