Telmatoblechnum serrulatum (Rich.) Perrie, D.J.Ohlsen & Brownsey

Dittrich, Vinícius Antonio De Oliveira, Salino, Alexandre, Monteiro, Reinaldo & Gasper, André Luís De, 2017, The family Blechnaceae (Polypodiopsida) in Brazil: key to the genera and taxonomic treatment of Austroblechnum, Cranfillia, Lomaridium, Neoblechnum and Telmatoblechnum for southern and southeastern Brazil, Phytotaxa 303 (1), pp. 1-33 : 26

Telmatoblechnum serrulatum (Rich.) Perrie, D.J.Ohlsen & Brownsey in Perrie et al. (2014: 755). Blechnum serrulatum

Richard (1792: 114). Blechnopsis serrulata (Rich.) Presl (1851: 479) . Type:— FRENCH GUIANA. Without date, J.B.

LeBlond s.n. (holotype P00627607 (Herbarium Richard)). Fig. 6 .

Blechnum angustatum Schrader (1824: 872) . Type:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo, 1820, M.A.P. Neuwied s.n. (holotype BR, photo).

Blechnum calophyllum Langsdorff & Fischer (1810: 20) . Type:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina, insula St. Catharinae , without date, G.H. Langsdorff s.n. (holotype B -W 20042 -01 0 (B-Willd)).

Blechnum stagninum Raddi (1819: 294) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, rio Inhumirim, without date, G. Raddi s.n. (holotype PI, n.v., isotype FI).

Blechnum stieri Rosenstock (1905: 60) . Blechnum serrulatum var. stieri (Rosenst.) Rosenstock (1907: 97) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul, Santo Amaro, Serra da Cria , 24 November 1904, A. Stier 229 (holotype not located, isotypes NY 149787, photo, ICN, UC, photo).

Plants terrestrial or very rarely epipetric; rhizomes long-creeping, subterranean, non-stoloniferous, the scales tan, each with a dark central stripe, lanceolate, 2.6–3 × ca. 0.5 mm, margins entire; fronds monomorphic, 11.5–94 cm long; stipes 3–41 cm long, 0.6–3.3 mm diam., stramineous, slightly compressed, the scales at bases similar to those on rhizomes; blades 8.4–53 × 3–16 cm, oblong to lanceolate, chartaceous to coriaceous, pinnate, glabrous, at apices reduced to an apical pinna smaller than lateral ones, truncate at bases; rachises glabrous or with amorphous scales typically less than 1 mm long, light, hyaline; pinnae 13–30 pairs, 1.5–16 × 0.5–1.5 cm, sessile, articulate to rachises, linear or linear-oblong, patent or most commonly ascending, margins serrate, apices acute to acuminate, with light tan, ovate-acuminate or deltate scales on the abaxial costa, smaller than those on rhizomes; veins free, simple or 1 × –2 × forked, vein ends not enlarged, terminating at the margins.

Geographical distribution and habitat preference: — Brazil (Amapá, Roraima, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Tocantins [first record], Maranhão, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte [first record] Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas [first record], Sergipe, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul), furthermore USA, Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Greater and Lesser Antilles, Trinidad & Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina. This species occurs in open areas, such as grasslands (waterlogged or not) and road margins, generally in poor soils, mostly sandy ones, and less frequently in forested areas. Sometimes the rhizomes are totally submerged. In the study area it occurs from 0– 950 m. Specimens grow in tropical Atlantic forests and Araucaria forests, seasonal semideciduous forests, in restingas, and in the Cerrado domain, being most common in restingas. The species is not threatened in Brazil.

Comments: Telmatoblechnum serrulatum is similar to Telmatoblechnum indicum ( Burman 1768: 231) Perrie, D.J. Ohlsen & Brownsey in Perrie et el. (2014: 755). According to Chambers & Farrant (2001), they can be separated by the broader pinnae (mainly the sterile ones) which do not taper evenly from the bases to apices in T. serrulatum , besides the fact that they are oblong and shortly acute at apices; by the abaxial scales on costa (paler, slightly larger in T. serrulatum ); by the veins, which are more immersed and less distinct on the abaxial surface in T. serrulatum ; by the more distinctly colored pinnae with the adaxial surface shiny and often with a dark bronze color in T. serrulatum ; and finally, by the pinna margins generally more regularly serrulate to denticulate in T. serrulatum . In the Neotropics, this is the only genus of Blechnaceae with pinnae articulate to rachis. According to Moran (1995), the pinnae abscise completely in regions with a marked dry season, leaving the rachises naked. This was observed by the senior author also in restingas, which are not under a dry climate and do not have a marked dry season.

In the study area, it can be distinguished from all other species of the family with monomorphic fronds by the articulate pinnae, ovate-acuminate or deltate scales on abaxial costae, long-creeping, subterranean rhizomes, and by the serrulate pinna margins.

Additional specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Formoso, Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, 15°13'51"S, 45°48'59"W, ca. 720 m, 17 February 1999, R.C. Mendonça et al. 3837 (RB); Grão Mogol, próximo da ponte sobre o rio das Mortes, 23 May 1982, A.M. Giulietti s.n. (HRCB 2832, SJRP, SPF 30144); Joaquim Felício, Serra do Cabral, 28 July 1976, P.H. Davis et al. 2417 (R, UEC). Espírito Santo: Colatina, Patrimônio Rio Doce, 30 November 1943, J.G. Kuhlmann 6571 (K, RB); Guarapari, Rodovia do Sol, km 25, 17 October 1988, L. Behar et al. 216 (SJRP); Itaguaçu, Alto Limoeiro, 14 May 1946, A.C. Brade et al. 18209 (RB); Linhares, Reserva Biológica de Comboios, 19°39'12"S, 39°50'13,2"W, 0 m, 17 May 2008, A. Salino et al. 13426 (BHCB); Marataízes, 11 March 1972, L. Krieger s.n. (CESJ 11890); Santa Teresa, Country Club, 17 April 1984, W. Boone 54 (MBML); Vitória, Campus de Goiabeiras, 09 February 1986, L. Behar 34 (CESJ). Rio de Janeiro: Cabo Frio, Restinga do Peró, 17 September 1968, D. Sucre 3691 (RB); Duque de Caxias, Pavuna, estrada Rio-Petrópolis, km 24, 15 March 1940, B. Lutz 1614 (R); Itaboraí, Rio Guaraí, 07 July 1977, D. Araujo 1800 (PACA); Macaé, próximo a Lagoa de Carapebus, 20 November 1980, D. Araujo 3587 & N.C. Maciel (PACA); Magé, canal de drenagem do Rio Guaraí, 20 May 1978, A.G. Pedrini & I. Dias s.n. (PACA 74161); Maricá, Itaipuaçu, 04 August 1977, L. Krieger s.n. (CESJ 14793); Rio de Janeiro, Restinga da Pedra de Itaúna, 16 August 1975, A.G. Pedrini 261 (RB); Rio das Ostras, 04 April 1971, L. Krieger s.n. (CESJ 10392); Silva Jardim, vale do Rio São João, 16 February 1977, J.P.P. Carauta et al. 2311 (PACA). São Paulo: Cananéia, Ilha do Cardoso, 07 September 1976, P.H. Davis 60639 (UEC); Caraguatatuba, Jardim Britânia, 17 September 1996, E.C. Smidt 17 (SJRP); Estrela do Norte, Rodovia SP-425, Fazenda Figueira, ca. 3 km da cidade, ca. 22°28'S, 51°44'W, 25 July 1997, M.R. Pietrobom-Silva 4049 (SJRP); Euclides da Cunha Paulista, Rodovia SP-613, km 38–39, ca. 1 km do trevo da cidade, córrego Água Branca, ca. 22°33'S, 52°35'W, 26 July 1997, M.R. Pietrobom-Silva 4075 (SJRP); Iguape, Fazenda Bandeirantes, 25 January 1986, E.L.M. Catharino 675 (MBM); Itanhaém, loteamento Maramba II, 6 km de Itanhaém em direção a Peruíbe, 24°13'51"S, 46°55'20"W, ca. 5–10 m, 19 April 2001, J.P. Souza et al. 3582 (ESA); Itirapina, Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, 22°10'– 22°14'S, 47°51'– 47°56'W, ca. 705 m, 10 December 2003, V.A.O. Dittrich & J.S. Leme 1308 (HRCB); Moji-Guaçu, Reserva Biológica de Moji-Guaçu, 07 June 1989, E.A. Simabukuro 6 (SJRP, UEC); Mongaguá, Jardim Alice, ca. 24°06'S, 46°37'W, 10 February 1997, F.P.F. Athayde 66 (SJRP); Presidente Bernardes, rodovia SP-272, Pirapozinho-Mirante do Paranapanema, km 22–26, ca. 22°01'S, 51°34'W, M.R. Pietrobom-Silva & I. Fernandes 3075 (MBM); São José dos Campos, encosta leste do vale do córrego da Ressaca, 560–590 m, 28 March 1962, I. Mimura et al. 339 (K); São Paulo, próximo a Interlagos, 19 August 1948, W. Hoehne 2654 (MBM, SJRP); São Sebastião, Praia da Baleia, Rua Olavo Pazzanesi, 23°46'28"S, 45°39'54"W, ca. 10 m, 23 April 2000, A. Salino et al. 5381 (ESA); São Vicente, 04 October 1955, W. Hoehne 4106 (CESJ, SJRP); Sete Barras, Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, núcleo de Sete Barras, estrada Sete Barras—São Miguel Arcanjo, ca. 24°12'S, 47°55'W, ca. 250 m, 28 September 2002, V.A.O. Dittrich & T.B. Breier 1241 (HRCB); Teodoro Sampaio, Reserva Florestal do Morro do Diabo, rio Paranapanema, 24–26 February 1986, P.G. Windisch 4703 (SJRP); Ubatuba, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Picinguaba, Praia da Fazenda, 0 m, 03 May 2001, V.A.O. Dittrich & A. Salino 878 (HRCB). Paraná: Altônia, Rio Paraná, Lagoa dos Padres, 01 March 2003, C. Kozera 1749 (HRCB); Antonina, Rio Manduíra, 10 m, 11 February 1981, G.G. Hatschbach 43586 (MBM); Curitiba, Solitude, 09 May 1985, J. Cordeiro 34 (MBM); Douradina, 30 October 1959, R. Braga & R.B. Lange s.n. (MBM 238269); Foz do Iguaçu, área prioritária de Itaipu, 06 July 1989, A. Botelho 1186 (MBM); Guaraqueçaba, Paruquara, 5 m, 05 May 1992, J.T. Motta 2427 (MBM); Guaratuba, 05 December 1964, L.T.D. Dombrowski et al. 1138 (PACA); Matinhos, Praia do Mendanha, 3–5 m, 16 August 1959, G.G. Hatschbach 6211 (HBR, MBM); Morretes, Anhaia, 22 January 1974, G.G. Hatschbach 33707 (MBM, PACA); Paranaguá, Balneário Ipanema, 3–5 m, 22 February 1993, J. Cordeiro 1003 (MBM); Pontal do Paraná, Pontal do Sul, condomínio Village, ca. 25°36'S, 48°24'W, 31 December 2000, F.P.F. Athayde 841 (SJRP). Santa Catarina: Antônio Carlos, 02 February 1944, R. Reitz H304 (RB); Araquari, Ilha dos Barcos, 26°20’08”S, 48°42’58”W, 3 m, 21 April 2001, L. Sevegnani s.n. (FURB); Araranguá, Morro dos Conventos, 26 January 1964, O.R. Camargo 3959 (PACA); idem, 28°53’25”S, 49°19’15”W, 8 m, 07 December 2010, A. Korte 5470 (FURB); Balneário Barra do Sul, Canal do Linguado, 26°21’55”S, 48°39’52”W, 30 March 2007, A.L. de Gasper 166 (FURB); Biguaçu, Instituto Itaúna de Educação Ambiental, 27°27’00”S, 48°41’24”W, 66 m, 16 June 2010, A. Stival-Santos 3012 (FURB); Blumenau, A.D. Hering, 26°54’11”S, 49°07’09”W, 135 m, 21 April 2010, T.A. Beckhauser 129 (FURB); Brusque, Boteas, 20 October 2005, L.M. Ceolin s.n. (FURB); Camboriú, Rio do Meio, 27°00’01”S, 48°41’27”W, 47 m, 11 November 2010, A. Korte 4947 (FURB); Florianópolis, Ilha de Santa Catarina, Pântano do Sul, 2 m, 22 June 1965, R.M. Klein et al. 6040 (HBR, PACA); idem, 27°41’06”S, 48°31’29”W, 3 m, 28 July 2015, L.A. Funez 4457 (FURB); Garuva, Rio Saí Guaçu, Ponte do Quinze, 16 January 2002, J.M. Silva 3514 (FURB); Itajaí, Escalvado, 20 m, 20 April 1946, R. Reitz C1582 (RB); Itapema, Canto da Praia, 27°05’22”S, 48°35’58”W, 60 m, 03 May 2010, A. Stival-Santos 2656 (FURB); Itapoá, Rio Saí-Guaçu, comunidade Quinze, 26°00’36”S, 48°41’24”W, 7 m, 16 September 2009, S. Dreveck 1045 (FURB); Jaraguá do Sul, Parque da Malwee, 26°30’12”S, 49°07’42”W, 59 m, 20 May 2012, L.A. Funez 487 (FURB); Joinville, Lagoa Saguaçu 26°16’49”S, 48°46’50”W, 4 m, 23 November 2010, A. Korte 5054 (FURB); Navegantes, 26°50’02”S, 48°38’33”W, 9 m, 14 July 2012, L.A. Funez 684 (FURB); Nova Trento, Valsugana, 27°21’31”S, 49°03’02”W, 307 m, 14 July 2010, A. Korte 3992 (FURB); Palhoça, Campo do Massiambu, 5 m, 18 December1952, R. Reitz 4960 (HBR); idem, Parque Estadual do Tabuleiro—Guarda do Embaú, 27°54’17”S, 48°35’58”W, 15 m, 02 December 2010, A. Korte 5311 (FURB); Porto Belo, 27°08’58”S, 48°36’07”W, 3 m, 16 September 2009, A.L. de Gasper 2347 (FURB); Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, Rio da Nova Descoberta, 27°48’36”S, 48°46’51”W, 558 m, 20 October 2010, A. Korte 4701 (FURB); São Francisco do Sul, Parque Estadual do Acaraí—Praia do Ervino, 26°20’58”S, 48°33’48”W, 5 m, 29 November 2010, A. Korte 5213 (FURB); Tijucas, Rua Zulmira Gomes s/n—Nova Descoberta, 27°15’48”S, 48°44’49”W, 12 m, 04 May 2012, A.L. Tomazi s.n. (FURB); Rio Grande do Sul: Arroio do Sal, Balneário Rondinha Velha, 21 July 1991, I. Fernandes s.n. (ICN 98812); Capão da Canoa, Estrada do Pontal, vicinal junto à Fazenda Pontal, ca. 29°46'32"S, 50°08'48"W, 26 August 2001, F.P.F. Athayde & C.R. Lehn 1050 (SJRP); Capela de Santana, Estação Azevedo, 06 May 1949, B. Rambo 41409 (RB); General Câmara, Santo Amaro do Sul, Cerro da Cria, 150 m, 19 August 1904, F.R. Schoenwald & Deutrich s.n. (ICN 18345); Montenegro, Morro do Cabrito, 255 m, 29 November 1988, I. Fernandes 444 (ICN); Pelotas, Horto Botânico, Instituto Agronômico do Sul, 29 December 1958, G.L. Brauner 30, 34 (PACA); Rio Grande, Estação Ecológica do Taim, 16 July 1986, J.L. Waechter 2193 (ICN); Salvador do Sul, 600 m, 04 May 1947, A. Sehnem 2783 (MBM, PACA); Santa Cruz do Sul, Pinheiral, 70 m, 18 July 1903, F.R. Schoenwald s.n. & Deutrich (ICN); São Leopoldo, Quinta São Manoel, s.d., J. Dutra 16 (ICN); Sapucaia do Sul, Morro Sapucaia, 290 m, 26 April 1987, I. Fernandes 336 (ICN); Torres, Itapeva, 05 November 1958, A. Schultz 1964 (ICN); Viamão, Itapuã, Lagoa Negra, 04 April 1981, R.M. Bueno 7 (ICN). Tocantins: Darcinópolis, córrego Xupé, 24 November 2009, G. Pereira-Silva et al. 14763 (CESJ, CEN—photo). Rio Grande do Norte: Baía Formosa, Praia do Sagi, 01 November 2007, R.C. Oliveira et al. 1990 (EAC—photo, UFRN—photo). Alagoas: Maragogi, a 8 km da divisa AL/PE, 23 November 1982, R.P. Lyra-Lemos 749 (EAC—photo).

Figures

FIGURE 6. Telmatoblechnum serrulatum. A. Habit. B. Detail of pinna showing venation and sori. C. Rhizome scale. (From L. Krieger s.n., CESJ 20997).