Anthurium pedrovianae Nadruz & Camelo

Camelo, Mel C. & Coelho, Marcus A. N., 2024, A new species of Anthurium (Araceae) from the canga vegetation of the Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil, Phytotaxa 652 (2), pp. 142-148 : 144-146

Anthurium pedrovianae Nadruz & Camelo , sp. nov. ( Fig. 1 )

Anthurium pedrovianae is most similar to Anthurium lindmanianum Engl. ( Engler 1898: 25, 367) in general morphology and habit, but A. lindmanianum differs by which has a peduncle <3 times the size of the petiole and spadix> 6 cm long, stipe sessile or when present with 0.4–0.7 cm long., berries are purple at the apex, white from half to base, obovate, purple, frosted seeds (vs. A. pedrovianae : peduncle> 3 times the size of the petiole and a spadix <6 cm long; stipe 6.0–11.0 cm long., purple at the base at the junction with the peduncle; berries are entirely purple, obovate, brown, warty seeds).

Type: — BRAZIL. Pará: Municipality of Canaã dos Carajás, Floresta Nacional dos Carajás , Serra Sul , Corpo D, Canga arbustiva, 771 m, 06 Dec. 2007, fl., N. F. O, Mota et al. 1080 ( RB 469456! BHCB 114348 !).

Rupicolous herb, growing on ironstone outcrops. Stem erect; cataphylls and prophylls straight, entire at the apex and decomposed into fibers towards the base of the stem, 1.5–4.7 cm long, sheath 1.5–2.0 cm long; geniculum 0.4–0.7 cm long.; Leaves rosulate, erect; petiole green, terete, 1–13 × 0.4–0.7 cm; leaf blade green, discolor, elliptic, acute to acuminate apex, acute to obtuse base, 17.6–35 × 3.0– 13.8 cm; midrib greenish, prominent on both sides; primary lateral veins 8–11, prominent on both sides; basal vein absent, collective vein absent. Inflorescence erect, longer than the leaves, with greenish peduncle, cylindrical to slightly grooved along, 29.8–65.5 cm long.; spathe yellowish-green to green, forming an acute angle with the peduncle, 4.0– 4.1 cm long; stipe greenish, purple at the base at the junction with the peduncle, 6.0–11.0 cm long.; spadix purplish, 2.4–5.3 cm long.; bisexual flowers, perigone present, principal spiral with 5–6 flowers; alternate spiral with 7–8 flowers. Flowers rhombic, 0.18–0.20 × 0.11–0.16 cm, tepals vinaceous, externally acute, internally concave, with straight margins of vinaceous color, papillate, 0.10–0.12 × 0.08–0.10 cm, pistil vinaceous, not emerging at anthesis, ovary ovate, 0.11 × 0.14 cm. Infructescence erect to spreading, with spathe persistent, brownish; spadix in post-anthesis cylindrical, brownish, 13.6–15.8 cm long.; berries 0.5–0.7 mm long, immature greenish, ripe purple, obovate, tepal filaments absent adhered to the berries; seeds 0.3–0.4 mm long, 1–2 per berry, brown, obovate, verrucose.

Phenology:—Flowering in February until December. Fruit observed in October.

Eponymy: —The specific epithet “pedrovianae ” is given in honor of the botanist taxonomist, Dr. Pedro Lage Viana, a researcher of a long time at the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará State and creator and coordinator of the project “ Rupestral Flora of Serra dos Carajás Revisited ” and now he works in the Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica ( INMA).

Distribution and habitat: — Anthurium pedrovianae is found in the state of Pará, specifically in the Serra dos Carajás, encompassing the Serra Norte, Serra Sul, and Serra Arqueada in the municipality of Ourilândia do Norte ( Fig. 2 ) under elevation of 771 m. This rupicolous plant thrives in canga vegetation and typically forms populations consisting of 6–10 individuals. The canga vegetation in this region is characterized by a ferruginous substrate. The Brazilian canga is part of the campo rupestre, a specialized habitat found in montane regions within or adjacent to major Brazilian domains such as the Atlantic Forest and Amazonia. Campo rupestre exhibits exceptionally high levels of diversity and endemism, influenced by historical dispersal and environmental variation ( Zappi et al. 2019). One contributing factor to the endemism of certain plant species in the Amazon Cangas is the significant distance of Carajás from other parts of the territory with ferruginous fields. The evolutionary processes that led these plants to develop the morphology and physiology necessary to adapt to this challenging environment likely occurred over millions of years and are still not well understood ( Zappi et al. 2019).

Conservation status:— Mining activity in the Carajás region can have significant impacts on the local biodiversity, including species like A. pedrovianae . Iron are mining involves the removal of large areas of native vegetation, soil disturbance, and water contamination, which can result in habitat loss and fragmentation of the natural environment. This can directly affect populations of endemic species like A. pedrovianae , which depend on specific habitats to survive. Therefore, it is crucial to implement appropriate measures for mitigation and environmental compensation to minimize negative impacts on local biodiversity and protect vulnerable species. Based on the species distribution (AOO 20.000 km 2 based on user-defined cell width (2 km) it was considerate an Endangered (EN) according to IUCN Criteria ( IUCN 2023).

Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL, Pará: Canaã dos Carajás, FLONA de Carajás, Serra N1 , margem da lagoa, campo aberto, 6º1’56”S 50º17’57”W, 12 Jan 2017, fl., D. J. Santos et al. 49 ( MG!). Curionópolis, Mina de ferro serra leste, Serra Leste , SL 1 , 19 May 2016, fl., A. L. Hiura & R. Jaffé 98 ( MG!), Serra Leste , SL 2 , canga, 23 Apr 2017, fl., L. V. Vasconcelos et al. 1139 ( MG!). Marabá, N-4, 25 Jan 1985, fl., O. C. Nascimento & R. P. Bahia 952 ( MG!), N-1, vegetação sobre afloramento rochoso de ferro, solo canga lateritica, 30 Jan 88, fl.; fr., N. A. Rosa et al. 5043 ( NL!, MG!). Marabá, Serra Norte, Carajás, entrada para mina de ferro, afloramento rochoso de canga, 3 Jun 1986, fl., M. P. M de Lima et al. ( MG!). Ourilândia, Serra Arqueada, vegetação de canga, 6º30’33”S, 51 o 09’23”W, 633 m alt., 3 May 2016, fl., P. L. Viana et al. 6211 ( MG!). Parauapebas, Serra de Carajás , N7 , dentro da matinha pedregosa sobre a canga, 6º10’02”S, 50º09’33”O, 716 m alt., 24 Feb 2016, fl., R. M. Harley et al. 57387 ( MG!), canga de carajás, com bastante luminosidade, 6º04’4” S, 49º54’7”W, 20 Oct 2023, fr., L. O. Adão Teixeira 1736 ( UB!) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Anthurium pedrovianae Nadruz & Camelo. A. Habit showing a detail the ferric soil; detail of inflorescence at anthesis. B. Erect plant with two inflorescences. C. Elliptical leaf blade with straight margins. D. Detail of midrib and primary lateral veins prominent at the abaxial surface. E. Inflorescence erect, green peduncle, spate greenish to yellowish, patent, long stipe greenish with a dark-purple detail at the junction at the spathe, spadix conical, purple with white pollen grains. F. Detail of spadix in anthesis. G. Spadix at pos-anthesis grey, immature berries greenish, mature berries purple. H. Berries entire purple and tepalar filaments are absent. Photos A–B; F—André Cardoso; C–E, H—Luiz Otávio Adão; G—Mel C. Camelo.

FIGURE 2. Occurrence of Anthurium pedrovianae Nadruz & Camelo in the Floresta Nacional dos Carajás, PA, Brazil. Source: IBGE 2012.