Anisophyllea grandis Bentham (1857: 79

Chen, Xin, He, Hai & Zhang, Li-Bing, 2015, A monograph of the Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales) with description of 18 new species of Anisophyllea, Phytotaxa 229 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

29. Anisophyllea grandis Bentham (1857: 79 “ Anisophyllum grande ”) ( Figure 56 )

Type:— MALAYSIA. Penang: Without locality, no date, Wallich 4454 (holotype K, isotypes BM-000946981!,? K) .

Heterotypic synonyms:— Anisophyllea gaudichaudiana Baillon (1875: 311) . Type:— MALAYSIA. Penang: Without locality, March 1837, W. Gaudichaud 100 (holotype P-00641659!). — A. grandifolia G. Henslow (1878: 442) . Type:— MALAYSIA. Penang: Without locality, no date, A. C. Maingay 1517 (holotype K-000450756!).

Trees to 25 m tall, 38 cm in diam., with rather narrow conical crowns; boles smooth, fluted at base; slashed inner bark yellowish, gritty, slashed woods yellow; young branches rather tenuous, drooping, minutely lenticellate, pannose with yellowish hairs to 0.25 mm long; buds densely pannose with yellowish hairs. Leaves dimorphic, internodes between similar types of leaves 1.5–5.0 cm, between two adjacent different types of leaves 4–13 mm; small leaves caducous, only leaving small scars on young branches; large leaves petiolate, petiole 0.6–1.3 cm long, 3.5 mm in diam., terete, shallowly furrowed adaxially, pannose; leaf blade broadly oblong or elliptic-oblong, (15–) 24–33 cm long, (4–)6–l 2 cm wide, base rounded or obtuse, apex acuminate or cuspidate with tips to 1.5 cm long, margins rarely revolute, coriaceous, yellow-green adaxially when dry, pubescent (especially at blade base and along main veins) abaxially with brownish hairs to 0.1 mm long; main longitudinal veins 5–7, springing from blade base, or with two inner lateral veins from midrib to 2 cm above blade base, inner veins bold, slightly impressed or flat adaxially and distinctly prominent abaxially, outermost two veins rather fine, nearly confluent with blade margins, slightly prominent on both surfaces; transverse veins numerous, sub-parallel, at angles of 55–65° with the midrib; veinlets reticulate, slightly prominent and tessellate on both surfaces. Inflorescence a supra-axillary panicle, irregularly and unevenly branched, rachis to 20 cm long, flattened when dry, 1.2–2.5 mm in diam., with flowers usually crowded on very short lateral branches, densely tomentose with brownish matted hairs lustrous and to 0.16 mm long; bracts lanceolate or deltoid, 1.0– 1.6 mm long, 0.6–0.8 mm wide at base, farinose adaxially and tomentose abaxially, margins ciliate, each with one axillary flower; infructescence thickened, 5.0– 6.5 mm in diam., densely tomentose; flowers unisexual, 4-merous; female flowers sessile, receptacle cylindric, ±quadrangular, to 0.6 mm long, 1.5 mm in diam., tomentose abaxially; sepals deltoid, ca. 1.1 mm long, farinose adaxially, farinose and tomentose abaxially with hairs ca. 0.06 mm long, margin ciliolate; petals deltoid, ca. 0.38 mm long, apex 3-lobed, middle lobe acuminate, ca. 0.19 mm long, two lateral lobes minute, with brownish hairs to 0.16 mm long throughout; stamens 8, sterile, ca. 0.5 mm long, base sub-dilate, anthers ovate, ca. 0.1 mm long; disk crenulate, farinose; styles 4, ca. 0.7 mm long, base conical, 0.25 mm in diam. distally attenuate, apex recurved, densely pubescent with brownish hairs proximally; male flowers shortly pedicelled, pedicel ca. 1 mm long, 0.5 mm in diam., densely tomentose with matted hairs; sepals and petals similar to female flowers; stamens 8, incurved, filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, anthers ovate, ca. 0.16 mm long; pistil rudimentary, subulate, ca. 0.16 mm long, 0.1 mm wide at base, sparsely pubescent with brownish hairs proximally. Fruit a drupe, sub-pyriform or ellipsoid, ±oblique, 8–12 cm long, 5–7 cm in diam., saccate at the base, minutely pubescent with rusty hairs; pericarp woody, 8–10 mm thick. Seed solitary, brownish, with longitudinal ridges, very hard, solid and large.

Flowering and fruiting: —January–November.

Habitat and distribution: — In lowland or higher forests; below 1250 m. Indonesia (West Kalimantan); Malaysia (Kedah, Penang, Perak) ( Figure 57 ) .

Vernacular names: — Penang pear; dalek limau manis.

Taxonomic notes: — Anisophyllea grandis is a very distinctive tree with relatively large leaves and fruits and is abundant in Penang and Perak in Malay Peninsula ( Corner 1988). Bentham (1857) described this plant using the name Anisophyllum grande based on material collected by George Porter ( Burkill 1929), which is under Wallich’s catalogue number 4454 with the nude name Strychnos grandis . The synonym A. gaudichaudiana Baillon (1875) was based on the gathering W. Gaudichaud 100 (P), which was collected in some place in Penang. The type of A. grandifolia was cited as Maingay from Penang without a collection number ( Henslow 1878). We found a gathering A. C. Maingay 1517 at K, which is consistent with the description in the protologue. Here we consider it as the type of this name. “ Anisophyllea flavicans J. D. Hooker & Thomson ” (1855), as “ Anisophyllum flavicans ”, transfered from another nude name Cocculus flavicans Wallich cat. 4976, was not validly published and thus is not listed in the synonymy.

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Additional specimens examined: — INDONESIA. West Kalimantan: Ngira, Forest remnant between two swiddens, 10 August 1993, Wil de Jong 449 ( L, NY) . MALAYSIA. Kedah: Bukit Enggang , 460 m, 4 December 1969, B . Everett FRI 13769 ( K, L); Bukit Enggang F. R ., 13 June 1966, T. C . Whitmore FRI 0402 ( L), 01 December 1969, Y. C . Chan FRI 13231 ( K, L), 09 August 1974, K. M . Kochummen FRI 16787 ( L). Penang: Penang hill, 300 m, 15 May 1934, M. R . Henderson 21305 ( K), 760 m, 08 September 1982, K. M . Kochummen FRI 29339 ( L); Top of Penang hill, 15 November 1950, J . Sinclair 39079 ( L, P); Without locality, 15 November 1950, J . Sinclair 6487 ( US); Without locality, no date, Curtis 521 ( US, USDA), Wall. Cat. 4976 ( K, NY). Perak : Larut , January 1883, King’s collector 5472 ( K, L, US); Maxwell hill, G . Hijau Mts. , 915 m, 03 April 1974, Benjamin C . Stone 11771 ( MO) .

Figures

FIGURE 56. Anisophyllea grandis Bentham. —A. Portion leafy branch with large leaf. —B. Portion of flowering branch. —C. Glomerules of male and one female flower. —D. Male flower. —E. Male flower with perianth removed. —F. Female flower. —G. Female flower with perianth lobes removed. —H. Longitudinal section of female flower. —J. Fruit (Drawn by M.S.; reproduced and modified from Olive in Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 16: t. 1551. 1887 as A. gaudichaudiana Baillon).

FIGURE 57. Geographical distribution of Anisophyllea grandis Bentham.