Andinocopris achamas ( Harold, 1867 ) Génier & Darling, 2024

Génier, François & Darling, James D. G., 2024, Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe), European Journal of Taxonomy 925, pp. 220-267 : 224-228

Andinocopris achamas ( Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov.

Figs 1–2 , 13–14 , 25 , 31 , 39 , 46, 50 , 60, 62 , 65

Pinotus Achamas Harold, 1867: 99 (original description).

Pinotus Achamas — Harold 1869a: 130 (monograph); 1869b: 1009 (catalogue); 1880: 24 (distribution). — Gillet 1911: 59 (catalogue).

[ Pinotus ] Achamas – Heyne 1900: 62 (diagnosis, distribution).

Pinotus (P.) Achamas – Luederwaldt 1929: 634; 1936: 207 (diagnosis, comment).

Pinotus achamas – Blackwelder 1944: 206 (checklist).

Dichotomius achamas – Amat et al. 1997: 195 (faunistic). — Escobar 2000: 208 (faunistic). — Medina et al. 2001: 138 (faunistic). — Pulido et al. 2007: 307 (faunistic).

Homocopris achamas – Vaz-de-Mello et al. 2010: 192 (new combination). — Martínez & Lopera 2014: 66 (faunistic). — Moreno & Molano 2016: 68 (ecology, faunistic). — Chamorro et al. 2018: 96 (distribution); 2019: 158 (catalogue, faunistic). — Casas et al. 2021: 321 (ecology).

Differential diagnosis

Body length 22–34 mm. Dorsal ocular width greater than one quarter of interocular distance. Lateral pronotal carina and pronotal edge joined anteriorly and posteriorly, forming closed ellipse. Pronotal ridge prominently projected in large individuals of either sex. Interstriae flat, minutely punctate. Meso-metasternal suture posteriorly arcuate. Visible abdominal ventrites 1–4, 6 laterally setose; ventrite 5 setose throughout. ♂ cephalic horn emerging from anterior clypeal surface, wide and gently tapering in anterior view, appearing flattened and curved in lateral view, length never exceeding maximum clypeal width.

Name-bearing type data

Lectotype ♂ (MNHN) ( Fig. 50 ): “Achamas | Buq.” [handwritten on green paper]; “Columbia | P. | Achamas | Harold” [Harold’s handwriting on white paper with red border]; “Museum Paris | ex. Coll. | R. Oberthur” [on green card]; “WORLD | SCARAB. | DATABASE | WSD00035019” [barcode label]; “ LECTOTYPE ♂ | Pinotus | achamas | Harold, 1867 | des. Génier & Darling, 2018” [red card]; “ Andinocopris | achamas | ( Harold, 1867) | det. Génier & Darling, 2018”. Present designation.

Type locality

Colombia (“Columbia”).

Type material

Lectotype (present designation)

COLOMBIA • ♂ ( Fig. 50 ); “Achamas | Buq.” [handwritten on green paper]; “Columbia | P. | Achamas | Harold” [Harold’s handwriting on white paper with red border]; “Museum Paris | ex. Coll. | R. Oberthur” [on green card];“WORLD |SCARAB. |DATABASE |WSD00035019” [barcode label];“ LECTOTYPE ♂ | Pinotus | achamas | Harold, 1867 | des. Génier & Darling, 2018” [red card]; “ Andinocopris | achamas | ( Harold, 1867) | det. Génier & Darling, 2018”; MNHN.

Paralectotypes (5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀)

COLOMBIA • 1 ♀; [unspecified locality]; [no date]; Lebas; MNHN • 1 ♀; Bogotá; [4°39′ N, 74°5′ W]; [no date]; von Kirsch; MNHN • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; [no date]; [anonymous]; MNHN • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (one of them alloreferent); [no date]; [anonymous]; MNHN .

Other material examined (79 ♂♂, 79 ♀♀)

COLOMBIA • 24 ♂♂, 23 ♀♀; [unspecified locality]; [no date]; [anonymous]; MNHN • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; [unspecified locality]; [no date]; Hogue; MNHN • 4 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; [unspecified locality]; [no date]; Felipe Ovalle Q.; AMNH • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CMNC. – Boyacá • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Iguaque, Villa de Leiva; [5°40′ N, 73°28′ W]; 2800 m; 17 Jun. 1996; V. Malý; BDGC • 1 ♀; Muzo; [5°32′ N, 74°6′ W]; [no date]; [anonymous]; CPFA. – Cauca • 1 ♀; 11 mi E of Silvia; [2°40′30″ N, 76°18′00″ W]; 3048 m; 15 Jul. 1970; H. & A. Howden; CMNC • 1 ♂; 12 km E of Silvia; [2°36′50″ N, 76°17′20″ W]; 3048 m; 15 Jul. 1970; J.M. Campbell; CNC • 1 ♀; 12 mi E of Silvia; [2°41′ N, 76°17′ W]; 3353 m; 16 Jul. 1970; H. and A. Howden; CNC • 1 ♀; 15 mi E of Silvia; [2°41′ N, 76°15′ W]; 3962 m; 16 Jul. 1970; H. and A. Howden; CMNC • 1 ♀; 16 km E of Silvia; [2°35′30″ N, 76°16′0″ W]; 2743 m; 22 Feb. 1970; H. Howden; CMNC • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Popayán; [2°26′ N, 76°37′ W]; 1899; Abbé Gaujon; MNHN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Termales de San Juan de Pilimbalá, Parque Nacional Natural Puracé ; [2°20′25″ N, 76°18′48″ W]; 3 Apr. 1972; Bordón; CMD • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 4 Jun. 1972; Bordón; BDGC. – Cundinamarca • 1 ♂; El Colegio; [4°34′51″ N, 74°26′33″ W]; 25 Mar. 1976; F. Chalumeau; CMNC • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; MNHN • 1 ♀; El Tabuzo, Subachoque ; [4°56′ N, 74°10′ W]; 2700 m; 15 Apr. 1995; A. Lopera; BDGC • 2 ♀♀; Fusagasugá; [4°21′ N, 74°22′ W]; [no date]; [anonymous]; CPFA • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; MNHN • 1 ♂; Girardot; [4°25′ N, 74°45′ W]; 29 Oct. 1969; A. Pouliquen; MNHN • 1 ♂; La Aguadita; [4°23′ N, 74°19′30″ W]; 1524 m; 7 Jul. 1970; H. and A. Howden; CMNC • 1 ♂; La Mesa; [4°37′45″ N, 74°27′40″ W]; [no date]; [anonymous]; MNHN • 1 ♀; Salto del Tequendama; [4°36′22″ N, 74°21′1″ W]; 27 Feb.–6 Mar. 1972; S. and J. Peck; forest, dung trap; CMNC • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Sopó; [4°53′30″ N, 73°57′30″ W]; 2800 m; Sep. 1972; Martínez; CMNC • 1 ♂; Tequendama; [4°34′30″ N, 74°17′30″ W]; 2438 m; 6 Jul. 1970; H. and A. Howden; CMNC. – Distrito Capital • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; 12 mi S of Bogotá; [4°23′20″ N, 74°8′34″ W]; 3048 m; 28 Feb.–6 Mar. 1972; S. and J. Peck; Eucalyptus plantation, dung trap; CMNC • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; CNC • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; above Bogotá; [4°39′ N, 74°5′ W]; 3048 m; 1877; O. Thieme; MNHN • 1 ♂; Bogotá ; [4°39′ N, 74°5′ W]; 1877; O. Thieme; MNHN • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 1914; E. Pehlke S.; NMPC • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; [no date]; [anonymous]; CNC • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; [no date]; [anonymous]; CPFA • 9 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; [no date]; [anonymous]; MNHN • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; [no date]; [anonymous]; NMPC • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 1 Apr. 1928; T. Hallinan; AMNH • 1 ♂; Bogotá ; [4°39′ N, 74°5′ W]; 2865 m; 10 Oct. 1937; T. Hallinan; AMNH. – Huila • 1 ♀; Volcán Puracé; [2°15′ N, 76°21′ W]; 3400 m; 20 Nov. 1971; Bordón; CMNC. – Meta • 2 ♀♀; Villavicencio; [4°9′38″ N, 73°39′43″ W]; [no date]; [anonymous]; CPFA • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 1–26 May 1945; L. Richter; AMNH. – Norte de Santander • 1 ♂; 12 km S of Pamplona; [7°18′ N, 72°36′ W]; 3000 m; 9–13 May 1974; S. Peck; dung trap; CMNC • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 9–13 May 1974, S. Peck; CNC • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 9 May 1974; H. and A. Howden; CMNC • 1 ♀; 14 km SW of Pamplona; [7°25′30″ N, 72°42′0″ W]; 3500 m; 25 May 1974; H. and A. Howden; CMNC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Pamplona; [7°22′30″ N, 72°38′50″ W]; Apr. 1920; P. Rochereaux; MNHN • 1 ♂; Pamplona ; [7°22′30″ N, 72°38′50″ W]; 2300 m; 1921; P. Rochereaux; MNHN. – Tolima • 1 ♂; Honda; [5°12′ N, 74°44′ W]; [no date]; [anonymous]; CPFA • 1 ♂; Ibaqué; [4°26′N, 75°14′W]; [no date]; [anonymous]; MNHN. – Valle del Cauca • 1 ♂; Las Cruces; [3°30′ N, 76°40′ W]; [no date]; Maquanal; MNHN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Santiago de Cali ; [3°25′ N, 76°31′ W]; [no date]; [anonymous]; MNHN.

ECUADOR – Carchi • 2 ♀♀; Tulcán ; [0°47′ N, 77°43′ W]; Nov. 1996; S. Pokorný; NMPC .

Description

Male lectotype ( Figs 1 , 13 , 46 ) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 23.4 mm.

HEAD. Clypeal edge lacking teeth, slightly sinuous medially. Anteroventral clypeal tooth acute. Clypeal and genal surface rugose, clypeogenal suture well defined throughout. Posterior genal angle obtuse. Frons broad with shallow, irregular excavations. Dorsal ocular width greater than one-quarter interocular distance. Interocular surface smooth posteromedially. Cephalic horn emerging from anterior clypeal surface, wide and gently tapering in anterior view, appearing flattened and curved in lateral view, posteriorly merging with frontal surface, 6.1 mm in length (measured from horn apex to base of eye).

PROTHORAX. Carina along anterior pronotal edge broad medially, narrowing laterally. Anterolateral pronotal lobe smooth, sectioned posteriorly by abrupt shelf. Lateral pronotal carina and pronotal edge distinctly forking anteriorly then merging posteriorly, forming closed elongate carinated ellipse. Pronotal surface smooth anteriorly, transitioning posterolaterally into chagrined texture. Centrally raised ridge with lateral tubercles and sheer vertical anterior surface defined by uneven, rippled texture. Propleuron and prosternum broadly setose; with long (~ 2 mm) rufous setae. Anterior prosternal apex rounded.

ELYTRA ( Fig. 46 ). Matt overall. Striae 1–6 widest anteriorly; narrowing posteriorly. Eighth stria absent on lateral declivity, exclusively appearing along posterior declivity. Ninth stria effaced along anterior quarter of elytral length. Interstriae flat, minutely punctate.

HINDWING ( Fig. 39 ). Membrane edge between AP and AA sinuous. AP vein reduced.

VENTRITES. Meso-metasternal suture posteriorly arcuate ( Fig. 60 ). Surface of median metasternal lobe broadly smooth and convex, with lateral setigerous punctation and shallow median sulcus. Lateral metasternal lobe densely setose. Visible abdominal ventrites 1–4, 6 laterally setose; ventrite 5 setose throughout. Pygidium finely punctate.

PROTHORACIC LEGS. Anterior and posterior surfaces of profemur with dense row of long setae. Ventral profemoral surface finely punctate, lacking setae. Protibia with three distinct teeth, proximal one indistinct. Protibial forespur straight; apex slightly tapering inward.

MESOTHORACIC LEGS. Posterior surface of mesotrochanter with dense tuft of long rufous setae. Anterior and posterior surfaces of mesofemur with dense row of long rufous setae. Outer surface of mesotibia serrate. Width at mesotibial apex one-third mesotibial length.

METATHORACIC LEGS. Posterior surface of metatrochanter with dense tuft of long rufous setae. Anterior and posterior edges of metafemur with dense row of long rufous setae. Outer edge of metatibia serrate. Width at metatibial apex one-quarter metatibial length.

MALE GENITALIA. Aedeagus missing from lectotype. Description of male genitalia based on a similarly developed Colombian male specimen collected from an unspecified locality by Felipe Ovalle, Q (Ac. 33501) deposited in the CMNC (specimen ID = WSD00035003). Aedeagus length: 5.5 mm. Medially and laterally paired endophallite of genital segment broad, contiguous. Paramere ( Fig. 25 ) horizontally flattened, gently tapered, apex broad and slightly inclined. FLP endophallite ( Fig. 31 ) sigmoidal; broad distally, narrowing and inflecting centrally.

Female alloreferent (paralectotype MNHN) ( Figs 2 , 14 )

Similar to male lectotype with the following exceptions: body length 24.5 mm. Cephalic horn low, truncated, 3.1 mm in length. Anterolateral pronotal lobe surface feebly granulate, continuous with lateral pronotal surface. Central pronotal ridge prominently overhanging, with deep anterior excavation. Posterolateral and posterior pronotal surface uniformly granulate.

Variation

Body length 18–34 mm. Cephalic horn minute and conical in females and small males. Central pronotal ridge atrophied and slightly overhanging in poorly developed specimens of either sex. Elytra matt to glossy overall.

Distribution ( Fig. 65 )

High elevation (2300–3960 m) in the Colombian and northern Ecuadorian Andes.

Natural history

No data except for a single specimen collected in an unspecified type of forest and eight specimens collected in a Eucalyptus L’Hér. plantation, all using dung traps.

Remarks

Despite the similarities between Andinocopris achamas and A. buckleyi (i.e., genital structure), the unique armament and body size of A. achamas distinguishes it from both Homocopris and A. buckleyi .

Figures

Figs 1–4. Dorsal habitus. 1. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., lectotype, ♂ (MNHN). 2. Andinocopris achamas, alloreferent paralectotype, ♀ (MNHN). 3. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂ (MNHN). 4. Andinocopris buckleyi, specimen ♀ (MNHN).

Figs13–16.Headandpronotum,lateralview.13. Andinocoprisachamas(Harold,1867)gen.etcomb.nov., lectotype, ♂ (MNHN). 14. Andinocopris achamas, paralectotype, ♀ (MNHN). 15. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂ (MNHN). 16. Andinocopris buckleyi, specimen ♀ (MNHN).

Figs25–30. Paramere,lateralview.25. Andinocoprisachamas(Harold,1867)gen.etcomb.nov.,specimen ♂ (CMNC). 26. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂ (MNHN). 27. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 28. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 29. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 30. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZSP).

Figs 31–36. FLP endophallite, dorsal view. 31. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂. 32. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂. 33. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 34. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 35. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 36. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZSP).

Figs 37–41. 37–38. Genital segment, dorsal view. 37. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 38. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 39–41. Hindwing, dorsal view. 39. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov. 40. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov. 41. Homocopris torulosus.

Figs 46–57. 46–49. Elytral striae, posterolateral view. 46. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., lectotype, ♂ (MNHN). 47. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). Anterior pronotal surface. 48. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 49. Homocopris torulosus, neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 50–57. Type specimen labels. 50. Pinotus achamas Harold, 1867. 51. Pinotus buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891). 52. Homocopris grossiorum. 53. Copris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845). 54. Copris torulosus Eschscholtz, 1822. 55. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov. 56. Pinotus simulator Luederwaldt, 1936. 57. Pinotus dahli Landin, 1955.

Figs 58–64. 58. Copris victorini Boheman, 1857, pronotum oblique view. 59. Sulcophanaeus carnifex (Linnaeus, 1758), pronotum oblique view. 60. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., meso-metasternal suture, ventral view.61. Homocopris torulosus(Eschscholtz, 1822), mesometasternal suture, ventral view. 62. A. achamas, left elytron, oblique view. 63. H. torulosus, elytron underside. 64. Sulcophanaeus carnifex, hindwing.

Fig. 65. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov. and Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., distribution map. Legend and scale bar included in the top and bottom right corners, respectively.