Curarea cuatrecasasii
A taxonomic revision of Curarea Barneby & Krukoff (Menispermaceae)
Ortiz, Rosa del C.
PhytoKeys
2018
2018-06-21
100
9
89
FBB7232A-343A-190C-C3D9-FEC0020DDC03
Barneby & Krukoff
Barneby & Krukoff
1971
Magnoliopsida
Menispermaceae
Curarea
CoL
Plantae
Curarea cuatrecasasii
Ranunculales
24
33
Tracheophyta
species
cuatrecasasii
CurareacuatrecasasiiBarneby & Krukoff, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 22(2): 14. 1971. Type: Colombia. Antioquia: Rain forest of Villa Agraria, Las Caucheras, basin of Rio Leono Bacuba, 95 m, 2 Oct 1961, ([imm?] fr), Cuatrecasas & Willard 26168(holotype: COL!, NY neg. 8433; isotypes: NY! [NY00008325, frag.], US! [US00104020]).
Description. Medium-sized understory lianasabout 5-10 m tall; older stem more or less terete to weakly irregularly flattened, 0.5-1.5 cm wide; bark dark brown, with shallow lengthwise fissures and conspicuously tuberculate-lenticellate; branchlets densely brownish to silvery strigillose-tomentellous to glabrate. Leaves: blades 9-26 x4.3-13.5 cm, ovate to elliptic, chartaceous at all stages, base obtuse to rounded, apex acuminate, cuspidate when juvenile; surfaces discolorous, lustrous and glabrous adaxially, indumentum finely silvery strigillose-tomentellous abaxially, rarely confined to the areoles with age; 3(5) palmati- or plinerved, innermost pair of main veins acrodromous imperfect at all stages, midrib and lateral nerves slightly raised above, conspicuously raised abaxially, secondary veins 2(3) pairs, veinlets slightly prominent adaxially in both juvenile and mature leaves, raised abaxially; petioles (2.9-)6.2-18 cm long, ridged, rugulose, brownish or silvey strigillose-tomentellous to glabrate, distal pulvinus rugulose. Staminate inflorescencesfascicled, cauliflorous, lax thyrsi (Fig. 17B-C), densely silvery or brownish strigillose-tomentellous; axes 2.2-8 cm long; primary branches 1.8-6.2 cm long, filiform, with several (2-)4-5 branching orders; bracts 0.4-1.1 mm long, lanceolate to narrow ovate, concave, fleshy, indumentum as on inflorescence. Pistillate inflorescencesunknown. Staminate flowers1.2-1.6 mm long, green, greenish or brownish; pedicels 0.4-2.8 mm long, terete, sometimes ridged, indumentum as on the axis; bracteoles 2-3, 0.2-0.6 x0.1-0.4 mm, ovate-lanceolate, oblong or ovate-rhombic, fleshy, glabrous adaxially, light brown tomentellous abaxially; sepals 6, glabrous adaxially, light brown to silvery tomentellous abaxially; outer sepals 0.8-1 x0.5-0.8 mm, ovate-lanceolate, ovate or obovate, base and apex obtuse; inner sepals 1.2-1.7 x0.6-1.1 mm, obovate or elliptic, sometimes oblong or ovate-rhombic, base cuneate, apex acute to obtuse, tip of inner sepals erect to strongly reflexed past anthesis; petals (5)6, 0.5-0.9 x0.2-0.5 mm, inner ones slightly longer, narrowly obovate-trilobed or spatulate, weakly concave, membranous, glabrous adaxially, glabrous to sparsely silvery tomentellous abaxially, weakly to strongly recurved above the cuneate base, lateral margins inflexed, partially clasping the filaments, apex acute, sometimes obtuse; stamens (3-)6; filaments 0.3-0.7 mm long, inner ones slightly longer clavate to clavate-sigmoid, moderately thick, free or connate at base, glabrous; anthers 0.2-0.3 mm long, erect, connective thicker adaxially and forming (or not) a protruding keel at the base of the anther, sometimes apically overgrowing thecae and forming a hump adaxially when older (Fig. 17H-I). Pistillate flowersunknown. Infructescencesaxes 1.3-4 x0.2-0.7 cm, bark exfoliating, cauliflorous, lax thyrsi, with simple dichasia as primary branches, brownish strigillose-tomentellous; fruiting pedicels (1.2-)6.5 mm long, terete to weakly clavate; carpophores 2.4-4.5 mm long, elongate, weakly terete to claviform, truncate or convex at apex, velutinous. Drupelets1.9-3.2 x1.2-1.8 cm, yellow or pale orange when ripe, oblongoid or ellipsoid (Fig. 18B), (weakly reniform), weakly tostrongly eccentrically attached, base truncate, obtuse to cuneate (gradually narrowed toward the base in a short (3-3.5 mm) stipe; stylar scar conspicuous; exocarp 1.2-1.9 mm thick, surface rugulose or muriculate, velutinous, granular when dried; mesocarp thin, mucilaginous; endocarp 1.5-2.4 x0.9-1 cm, chartaceous, surface smooth. Seedswith embryo 3.8-4.8 cm long, crustaceous, cotyledons sometimes unequal. Figure 17. Curarea cuatrecasasiistaminate plant: Ahabit Binflorescence Cinflorescence detail Dflower bud Einner sepal, adaxial surface F-Gouter and inner petals, abaxial and lateral surfaces H-Iouter stamens, adaxial and abaxial surfaces (based on Aguilar 3303). Figure 18. Curarea cuatrecasasiipistillate plant: Ahabit Binfructescence ( A, based on Cuatrecasas & Willard 26168; Bbased on Marin 246).
Distribution and ecology. From Costa Rica throughout Panama to northwestern Colombia (Fig. 9), at elevations of 10-650(-1100) m. In wet tropical lowland to pre-montane forests. Staminate flowering specimens were collected in March, April, May, June and September; pistillate flowering specimens are unknown; fruiting specimens were collected in January, March and July-December.
Common names and uses. Costa Rica: edible fruits ( Morales et al. 3243, mat fr). Colombia: used as magic plant by the Waunana ( Forero 666, st).
Eponymy. As per Barneby and Krukoff (1971), "the specific epithet honors Dr. JoseCuatrecasas, who contributed greatly to the knowledge of the Colombian Flora and was a co-collector of the holotype".
Conservation status. The calculated Extent of Occurrence (EOO) based on 26 collections representing 25 localities is 184,445 km2, whereas the Area of Occupancy (AOO) is estimated as 100 km2. Of the 23 subpopulations, 12 occurred in protected areas in Panama and Costa Rica and, although the species is not abundant where it occurs, it has a broad distribution. Hence, C. cuatrecasasiiis assigned a preliminary category of "Least Concern" (LC).
Discussion. Curarea cuatrecasasiiis distinguished from its congeners by the combination of slender staminate inflorescences bearing filiform primary branches, petals weakly to strongly recurved shortly above the base, connectives forming an adaxial hump at the apex of thecae when older and ovate or ovate-elliptic, 3-5-veined leaves with silvery strigillose-tomentellous indumentum on the abaxial surface. The staminate inflorescence of this species resembles those of C. gentryanaand is discussed under the latter species. In fruit, C. cuatrecasasiiis indistinguishable from C. iquitana, C. tomentocarpaand C. toxicoferaand they all share elongate carpophores, but they can be separated geographically: C. cuatrecasasiiis restricted to the Pacific side of the Andes from North Eastern Colombia to Costa Rica and the other species are known only from the eastern side of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil and Bolivia. The vessels width of C. cuatrecasasiiis like that of C. tecunarumand C. barnebyanain being, on average, larger than the remaining species in group II (Table 5).
Selected specimens examined. COSTA RICA. Puntarenas: Reserva Forestal Golfo Dulce, Aguabuena, Sector Norte, [ 08°42'20 ''N; 083°28'30 ''W], 50-150 m, 21 Nov 1991, (imm fr), Aguilar682(MO!); Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena, Corcovadobasin trail, [ 08°29'N; 083°35'W], 50 m, 30 May 1989( ♂fl), Kernan& Phillips1147(CR!, F [2]!, INB!, MO!). San Jose: Puriscal, Z.P.La Cangreja, faja Costenadel Valle de Parrita, Mastatal de Puriscal, bosque primario en la cuenca del RioNegro, por La Ceiba, 09°41'24"N; 084°23'24"W, 300 m, 25 Nov 1994, (mat fr), Morales et al. 3243(CR!, MO!). PANAMA. Canal Zone: Along Rio Mendozaand small tributary, 1/2- 1 kmupstream from Pipeline Roadbridge, 8 kmNW of Gamboa, Premontanewet forest, 100 m, 1 Nov 1973, (imm fr), Nee7731(COL!, F n.v., MO-2035834, US!. Cocle: Along Llano Grandeto Coclesitoroad above Cascajal, near divide, forest, 08°42'N; 080°28'W, 500 m, 11 Jan 1986, (imm fr), McPherson7956(MO!). Colon: Rio Guanche, ca. 2.5 kmupriver from bridge on road to Portobelo, [ 09°30'N; 079°39'W], 10-100 m, 14 Dec 1974, (imm fr), Mori& Kallunki3695(MO!). Darien: Areafrom below the Rancho Frioto near ridgetop of Pirre Chain, [ 07°49'N; 077°43'W], 600-1100 m, 15 Nov 1977, (imm fr), Folsomet al. 6357(MO!, NY!). Panama: Pipelineroad, premontane wet forest, [ 09°14'42N; 079°48'53"W- 09°07'26"N; 079°42'33"W], 50-120 m, 11 Mar 1983, ( ♂fl), Gentry& Hamilton41126(MO!); Primary forest, along road between El Llano and Carti-Tupileroad, from 12 milesabove Pan American Hwyto continental Divide, [ 09°18'N; 078°56'W- 09°19'N; 078°57'W], 200-500 m, 30 Mar 1973, (imm fr), Liesner1325(MO-2035837); Pipeline Road, ca. 12 kmNW of Gamboa, Tropical wet forest, [ 09°10'N; 079°45'W], 100 m, 26 Aug 1975, (imm fr), Mori7946(MO!). San Blas: Quebrada Eof town of Puerto Obaldia, upriver from the dam (represa), [ 08°40'N; 077°24'W], 0-50 m, 18 Apr 1982, ( ♂fl), Knapp& Mallet4706(MO!). COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Mpio. Taraza, corregimiento "El Doce", Hacienda Las Mercedes, La Quebradona, 200 mNE de Medellin, 650 m, 3 Jul 1980, (imm fr), Callejas1183(NY!); Mpio. Chigorodo, vereda Bohios, Finca La Cabana, 30 m, 4 Apr 1985, ( ♂fl.), Renteria 3754(JAUM n.v., MO!). Bolivar: Mpio. Achi, Inspeccionde La Raya, 100 m, 6 May 1987, ( ♂fl), Cuadros& Gentry3606, (JBGP n.v., MO!, NY!). Choco: Mpio. de Riosucio, Zona de Uraba, Cerros del Cuchillo, Sector Cuchillo Negro, 10-30 m, 7 Sep 1987, (imm fr), Cardenas374, (JAUM n.v., MO!); Mpio. Bahia Solano, Corregimiento El Valle, trocha El Valle-Boro Boro, 06°21'N; 076°26'W, 17 Apr 1989, ( ♂fl), Espina et al. 2645(MO!).
1989-05-30
1991-11-21
1989-05-30
Kernan, Phillips
COSTA RICA
Reserva Forestal Golfo Dulce
100
8.483334
Sector Norte
1301
-83.583336
Aguabuena
♂
Puntarenas
1994-11-25
Puriscal, Z. P., de Puriscal, La Ceiba
Costa Rica
Costena del Valle de Parrita
300
9.690001
Rio Negro
21
-84.39
Mastatal de Puriscal
1
San Jose
1973-11-01
Nee
PANAMA
100
Premontane
Rio Mendoza
1
Canal Zone
1986-01-11
McPherson
US
Along Llano Grande
500
8.7
Cascajal
1300
-80.46667
Coclesito
1
Cocle
1974-12-14
Mori, Kallunki
United States of America
55
9.5
Portobelo
1299
-79.65
Rio Guanche
1
Colon
1977-11-15
Folsom
United States of America
Area
850
7.8166666
Pirre Chain
1302
-77.71667
Rancho Frio
1
Darien
1973-03-30
1983-03-11
1973-03-30
Gentry, Hamilton, Divide, Liesner, Mori
United States of America
Pipeline
85
9.166667
Pipeline Road
1300
-79.75
Primary forest
♂
Panama
1982-04-18
Quebrada E, Knapp, Mallet
United States of America
25
8.666667
Puerto Obaldia
1300
-77.4
♂
San Blas
1980-07-03
1985-04-04
1980-07-03
La Quebradona
COLOMBIA
Hacienda Las Mercedes
200
Medellin
La Quebradona
♂
Antioquia
1987-05-06
Cuadros, Gentry
Colombia
100
Inspeccion de La Raya
♂
Bolivar
1987-09-07
1989-04-17
1987-09-07
Cardenas, Mpio. Bahia Solano, Corregimiento El Valle, El Valle-Boro Boro
Colombia
Mpio. de Riosucio
20
6.35
Cerros del Cuchillo
1304
-76.433334
Zona de Uraba
♂
Choco