Xylocopa mordax F. Smith, 1874b: 294 The bees of Greater Puerto Rico (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) Genaro, Julio A. Franz, Nico M. Insecta Mundi 2008 2008-08-22 2008 40 1 24 5CKWJ F. Smith F. Smith [192,739,1347,1372] Insecta Apidae Xylocopa Animalia Hymenoptera 15 14 Arthropoda species mordax Neoxylocopa      Xylocopa mordax F. Smith, 1874b: 294. Holotypefemale in BMNH.  GD: British Virgin Islands(Guana Island), Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles, and Puerto Rico(including key Caja de Muerto and Mona Island) ( Hurd 1978).  This species has been misidentified throughout the Caribbean as either  X. brasilianorum(Linnaeus, 1767)or, less frequently, as  X. morio( Fabricius, 1793). Both misidentifications refer to Brazilian species not present in the West Indies ( Hurd 1978). Moure (2003)provided taxonomic notes on  X. mordax.The common name of this species in Puerto Ricois “cigarrón” (large cigar). Martorell (1976)and O’Farril- Nievesand Medina-Gaud (2007) mention that this species drills into dry branches and tree trunks. Jackson and Woodbury (1976)and Jackson (1986)studied the nectar and pollen-gathering activities and nesting sites of  X. mordax. Rivera-Marchand and Ackerman (2006)determined that this species was the only effective pollinator of the cactus  Pilosocereus royenii(L.) Byles and Rowley. [458,715,1379,1403] BMNH 15 14 1 holotype