Libellula vesiculosa Fabricius, 1775: 421
Libellula acuta Say, 1840: 24
Lepthemis vesiculosa Hagen, 1861: 161
Morphological variability and evaluation of taxonomic characters in the genus Erythemis Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Libellulidae: Sympetrinae)
Rodríguez, Fredy Palacino
Sarmiento, Carlos E.
González-Soriano, Enrique
Insecta Mundi
2015
2015-07-10
2015
428
1
68
3BCH6
(Fabricius, 1775)
Fabricius
1775
[192,717,289,314]
Insecta
Libellulidae
Erythemis
Animalia
Odonata
29
28
Arthropoda
species
vesiculosa
( Fig. 1a, 2a,c, 8, 14, 16, 20, 28, 38)
Libellula vesiculosa Fabricius, 1775: 421. Libellula acutaSay, 1840: 24 Lepthemis vesiculosa Hagen, 1861: 161.
TypeMaterial.Not examined.
Diagnosis.Thorax green, dorsum abdomen green with dark brown (sexually immature male) or black (mature male), S8-10 with spots or all black or dark brown, and thebasal area on HW is yellow or brown. Radial planate with double cells (Fig. 28). Dark basal spot on HW does not reach the first antenodal vein, the MP crossvein, the AA (Fig. 26) or the last rows of cells to anal angle. Ventral teeth on male cercus is beyond the apex of epiproct ( Fig. 12). Posterior lobe of vesica spermalis absent. Hook bilobed ( Fig. 18), triangular or trapezoidal, and not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of vesica spermalis ( Fig. 20). Cornua parallel to transversal axis of vesica spermalis, with lobes fused to apex, and not covered by lateral lobes in lateral view ( Fig. 20). Lab> 30mm. Morphometric ratios of males.LHW/Lab>1.20; Lab/LclS3>1.50. Morphometric ratios of females.LHW/Lab<1.20; Lab/Las<2.50; LclS3/LcaS3<3.00; Lab/ LclS3>1.40; Lnpt/Anb>1.20. Head.Ll: 0.013 –0.017mm(M); 0.014 –0.017mm(F). Lw: 0.035 –0.043mm(M); 0.038 – 0.041mm(F). Hwd: 0.070 –0.079mm(M); 0.072 –0.076mm(F). Hl: 0.036 –0.050mm(M); 0.040 –0.046mm(F). Legs.Nsmf: 8–16 (M); 5–9 (F). Nshf: 11–42 (M); 8–17 (F). Hfl: 0.053 –0.092mm(M); 0.067 –0.086mm(F). Fbsd: 0.024 –0.035mm(M); 0.030 –0.035mm(F). Mfl: 0.042 –0.054mm(M); 0.046 –0.052mm(F). Dshf (the conditions separated by commas are present in different specimens): short spines-1 to 3 median spines-3 long spines, short spines-3 to 5 long spines. Wings.LoptFW: 0.039 –0.050mm(M); 0.043 –0.048mm(F). AnptFW: 0.005 –0.010mm(M); 0.008 – 0.010mm(F). LoptHW: 0.038 –0.046mm(M); 0.041 –0.046mm(F). AnptHW: 0.006 –0.010mm(M); 0.008 –0.010mm(F). DfwHW: 0.068 –0.081mm(M); 0.071 –0.082mm(F). LbanFW: 17.23–21.23mm(M); 18.81–20.91mm(F). LbanHW: 15.18–18.41mm(M); 14.91–17.76mm(F). AndFW: 7.74–9.34mm(M); 8.43– 9.46mm(F). Wb: 9.28–11.57mm(M); 10.90–11.02mm(F). LFW: 36.44–41.34mm(M); 40.26–42.17mm(F). LHW: 36.78–41.52mm(M); 36.52–40.72mm(F). AnsbtFW: 0.020 –0.031mm(M); 0.021 –0.026mm(F). AntrFW: 0.005 –0.010mm(M); 0.007 –0.010mm(F). LarFW: 0.0018 –0.0056mm(M); 0.002 –0.005mm(F). LarHW: 0.000 – 0.006mm (M); 0.0019 –0.0062mm(F). LnptFW: 12.33–14.45mm(M); 12.90–14.53mm(F). LnptHW: 12.28–16.79mm(M); 14.42–16.21mm(F). At-MP: 0.0021 –0.0050mm(M); 0.0028 –0.0043mm(F). LbaFW: 0.029 –0.038mm(M); 0.031 –0.035mm(F). LbaHW: 0.028 –0.038mm(M); 0.032 –0.037mm(F). RP2-loptFW: 0.00– 0.09mm(M); 0.018 –0.093mm(F). RP2-loptHW: 0.0006 –0.0062mm(M); 0.0006 – 0.0110(F). Dat-lsbt: 0.0006 –0.0025mm(M); 0.0009 –0.0031mm(F). Lasa-ca: 0.0021 –0.0081mm(M); 0.003 –0.009mm(F). Crp: 9–11 (FW), 10–13 (HW). Cal: 3–7. pC-RA-RP1: 2–3. CdfFW: only 3 rows of cells. Vt: 1. Csub: 3. Abdomen.Lab: 35.70–43.09mm(M); 37.86–42.47mm(F). LcaS3: 0.006 –0.021mm(M); 0.008 – 0.017mm(F). LclS3: 0.015 –0.023mm(M); 0.021 –0.028mm(F). Lecv-clS3: 0.012 –0.017mm(M); 0.014 – 0.019mm(F). Caudal appendages. Las: 0.021 –0.027mm(M); 0.018 –0.022mm(F). Poas: 0.0006 –0.0056mm(M); 0.001 –0.004mm(F). Anas: 0.004 –0.008mm(M); 0.003 –0.006mm(F). Ddas: 0.003 –0.010mm(M). Epl: 0.011 –0.023mm(M); 0.005 –0.008mm(F). Larva.The following characters were found by Klots (1932): Total length 18.5 mm, Hfl 7 mm, head width 5.2 mm, abdomen width 6 mm. Head widest across the front, and narrowed behind the eyes. Ocellar region paler, with a black spot at the anterior end of each side lateral ocellus, diffuse at the base of the antennae. Rear of head has 8 paler bands. Labium with 15–16 mental setae and 11–12 lateral setae. Wing pads reach to the 8 thsegment. Tarsi with an apical ring. Dorsal hooks with long hair on the apex 7–9. Larvae additional characters are provided by Needham and Westfall (1955)as follows: minute lateral spine on S9, several more setae on the labium than other species. According to Costa and Pujol-Luz (1993) E. vesiculosalarvae is the longest of the genus, and shows 16 premental setae, 12 palpal setae, the lateral spine on ninth segment is reduced, cercus exceeds 2/3 the length of the epiproct. Paulson (1966) found Anax juniusand Ischnura ramburilarvae simultaneously with E. vesiculosalarvae in a temporary ditch with vegetation and about 8 inchesdeep in Marco Island (Collier Co., Florida).
Material examined. ARGENTINA, Formosa Prov., Banado La Estrella, 42 kmN of Las Lomitason road 28, 24°27’32” 60°23’17”, 0 m, 18.ii.2008, R. W. Garrisonand N von Ellenrieder leg., 1 male( RWG); same, but Parque Nacional Pilcomayo, Laguna Blancamarshes by pond, 25°10’29”S 58°7’44”N, 74 m, 16.ii.2008, N. von Ellenriederand R. W. Garrisonleg., 1 female( RWG). BOLIVIA, Dept. Beni, Ciudad Reyes, 02-20.xii.1956, 1 male( MNRJ). BRAZIL, Amapá, Porto Santana, ICOMI, 26-27.ii.1963, Roppa, Mielkeleg., 2 females( MNRJ); Amazonas, Barreiras da Ribeira, 18.viii.1936, 1 male, 2 females( MNRJ); same, but B. Constant, Río Itecoahy, v.1942, Parkoleg., 1 male, 3 females( MNRJ); same, but 17.v.1950, 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Lagadiçode baixo, 22.iv.1942, ( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on following dates: 2 M, 20.ii.1942, 1 male, 1 female; 22.ii.1942, 1 male; same, but Manaus, Parkoleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Rio Negro, 20.vii.1941, 1 male( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on following dates: 22.vii.1941, 1 male; 11.vii.1941, 1 male; 12.vii.1941, 1 male; 23.vii.1941 1 female, 1 male; 25.vii.1941, 3 males, 3 females; 25.vii.1942, 1 female, same, but Xiborene, 02.xii.1960, E. Ferreiraleg., 1 male, 2 females( MNRJ); same, but Manicoré, Rio Madeira, Parkoleg., x.1941, 1 male, 2 females( MNRJ); Bahia, Açenda da Bambo do Serrinha, 05.vii.1951, N. Santosleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Camarajipe, Salvador( Mata), 18.vii.1951, N. Santosleg., 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Itamaraju, monte Pascoalkm. 5, 10-15.i.1972, Elias, leg., 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Lençois(atraído por luz, noite), 24.iv.2002, J. Glauberleg., 1 female( MNRJ); Mucuri( Mata), ii.1971, Elias, leg., 2 males( MNRJ); Periperi, Baerour, 19.vii.1951, N. Santosleg., 1 female( MNRJ); Brasilia D.F., Coquinho, Reserva Ecológicado IBGE, 06.ii.1981, N. Santos, L.F. Netto, H. Mezquitaleg., 1 female, 1 male( MNRJ); Espírito Santo, Baixo Guandu, Estr.B. Guanduá Hitubakm. 13, 01-07.xi.1970, Elias, Pauloleg., 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Cariacica, iii.1981, Bentoleg., 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Conceição da Barra, 15-20.iv.1968, Paulo, Eliasleg., 2 males( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on following dates: 18-23.iii.1968, 1 male; 17.ii.1968, 1 female; 25-30.i.1971, 2 females; Goitacazes, 22.i.1973, N Santosleg., 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Jacareípe, 11-28.ii.1967, Paulo Eliasleg., 3 males, 5 females( MNRJ); same, but Linhares, 10-15.iii.1972, Eliasleg., 1 male, 2 females( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on following dates: 01-07.ii.1972, 2 females, 17-22.iii.1972, 2 males; 08-14.ii.1972, 1 male; same, but Estr. Linhares-Regênciakm. 4, iii.1944, Eliasleg., 8 males, 6 females( MNRJ); same, but Linhares, v.1973, Elias, Pauloleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Parque Sooretama, 20.i.1973, N. Santos, Sandim, Vicenteleg., 2 males( MNRJ); same, but Parque Sooretama, xii.1981, Bentoleg., 1 male, 1 female( MNRJ); same, but São Mateus, 15-20.iv.1968, Paulo, Eliasleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Vitória, Morro Moscoso, iii.1981, Bentoleg., 2 males( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on: i.1981, 2 females; same, but Santa Tereza, xii.1967, Eliasleg., 1 female( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on: 08.ii.1967, 1 male; 02.i.1967, 1 female; 11.i.1968, 1 female; 8-13.vi.1968, 2 males; Goiás, Itumbiara, 11.xii.1975, Inácioleg., 1 male, 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Mineiros, xi.1994, P.R. Magnoleg., 1 female( MNRJ); Maranhão, Imperatriz, 20.vii.1974, O. Mielkeleg., 1 female( MNRJ); Mato Grosso, Judiavai, Km.3 de Rodonia Judiavai, 01.iii.2002, O.I. Souzaleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Porto Estrela, 06.ii.2002, O.I. Souzaleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Río Salobra, 26.i.2002, 1 male( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on following dates: 21-23.i.1955, 5 males, 6 females; 21.i.1955, 1 male; 01.ii.1941, 2 females; same, but Afluente do Río Casca, cerca de 20 km., 13.iv.1963, N. Santos, Machadoleg., 1 male, 2 females( MNRJ); same, but Bodoquena, xii.1941, C.I.O. Cruzleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on: 15-17.1941, 1 female; same, but entre Cuiabáe Guia, 15.iv.1963, N. Santos, Machadoleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but entre Cuiabáe Jaciara, 08.iv.1963, N. Santos, Machadoleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Buriti Chapadados Guimarães, 21.ii.1967, Nestorleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on: 20.i.1970, N. Tangerinileg., 2 males; same, but Urucum, 28-30.i.1955, 1 female( MNRJ); Minas Gerais, Estr.B. Horizonte-Serra do Cipó, Río Cipó, Km.02, 01.xii.1963, N Santos, Machado, Borjesleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Lagoa Santa, Lagoa Vermelha, 21.iv.1949, M.G. Machado, N. Dias dos Santosleg., 3 females( MNRJ); same, but ii.1947, Santos, Berla, Machado, leg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Lagoa do Palmital, Governador, Valadares, 9.ii.1955, N. Santos, Machadoleg., 3 males, 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Rio Claro, 22.ii.1958, D. Lacombeleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but São João del Rey, Cascata na Serra do Tiradentes, 03.iii.1957, Santos, A.C. Piresleg., 1 male( MNRJ); Pará, Belém, Jardimdo M. Goeldi, 21.i.1956, 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Utinga, 12.ii.1963, Roppa, Mielkeleg., 1 female( MNRJ); same, but 23.viii.1936, 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Japérica, 06.02.1959, C. Simón, O. Fontanaleg., 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Santarém, v.1920, Garbeleg., 1 male, 1 female( MNRJ); Paraná, Curitiba, 01.xii.1972, O. Mielkeleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Guaíra, 13.ii.1957, D. Lacombeleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Saltodas Sete Quedas, 09.ii.1957, D. Lacombeleg., 1 male( MNRJ); Pernambuco, Recife, Doisirmãos, 11.vii.1944, Berlaleg., 1 female( MNRJ); Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 20.vi.1941, 1 female( MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro, iii.1975, 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Hortoda quinta da Boavista, 25.i.1983, 1 male( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on following dates: 20.x.1994, 1 male; same, but Itatiaia, Parque Nacionaldo Itatiaia(lago azul) perto do Museu. E.F. Ramos, 30.iii.1997, 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Lagoadas Tachas, i.1961, 2 males( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on: 19.ix.1964, 1 male 2 females, ( MNRJ); 12.xii.1965, N. Santos leg., 8 males; 21.ii.1966, N. Santos e Martins leg., 1 male; 25.i.1969, N. Santos leg., 1 male, 1 female; same, but Ilhada Marambaia, Poçaheliponto, J. M.C, 25.ix.2003, 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Represa São Pedro, Machado, 09.ii.1943, 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Riodas Flores, Fazenda da Forquilha, B. Mascarenhas, 10.vii.1997, 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Valença, Faz. Sta. Rosa( Faz.Pau-D’Alho) Represa da Usina.B. Mascarenhas, 24.x.1997, 1 male( MNRJ); Roraima, Ariquemes, viii.1980, Bentoleg., 1 male, 1 female( MNRJ); São Paulo, Caraguatatuba, 16.ii.1980, 1 female( MNRJ). COLOMBIA, Amazonas, Leticia, 2.v.1946, 1 female( ICN); Antioquia, Caucasia, Hacienda la Candelaria, 80 m, 13.vii.2002– 2-3.ix.2004– 1-2. ix.2006– 23.xi.2007, Grupo Entomologíaleg., 10 males, 1 female( CEUA); same, but Universidad de Antioquia, 1450 m, 16.i.2008, D. Osorioleg., 1 male( CEUA); same, but Puerto Berrío, Cascourbano, Barrio La Malena, xii.2008, A. Bustamanteleg., 1 female( CEUA); same Puerto Berrío, 6.5°-74°, 17. xi.2007, G. Ochoaleg., 1 male( MEFLG); same, but 6.5° -74.4°, 20.xi.2007, J. Alvarezleg., 1 female( MEFLG); same, but Turbo, 8.0000000° -76.5833000°, 4.iii.2005, M. Pérezleg., 1 male( MEFLG); same, but Yolombó, Vereda El Bosque, 7.00110° 75.9636000°, 1475 m, G. Ochoaleg., 1 male( MEFLG); Atlántico, Barranquilla, 9.v.1970, G. Zambranoleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but Ciénaga La Larga, Palmar de Varela, 6.vii.2006- 15.x.2007, M. Loboy M. Morenoleg., 1 male, 1 female( UARC); same, but Piojó, Guaibaná, 6.vii.2006, 1 male( UARC); Bolívar, Regidor, Finca LasBrisas, Corredorde vegetación alrededor de caño, 8º 45’ 39.5”N 73º 52’ 02.2” W, i.2009, M. Morenoleg., 1 male( UARC); same, but LasPavas ó Labrador, Cuerposde agua, 8º 46’ 43.7 N 73º 54’ 53.8” W, i.2009, M. Morenoleg., 1 male( UARC); same, but Santa Catalina, 5-7.x.1999, 2 males( ICN); Caldas, La Dorada, 13.ix.1980, L. Cruzleg., 1 female( ICN); same, but 19.iv.1974, A.B. Loteroleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but 11.iv.1974, L. Agudeloleg., 1 male( ICN); Casanare, Agua Azul, 12.x.1976- 11.x.1978, P. Francoleg., 1 male, 1 female( ICN); same, but Finca San Luís, 4°59’18”N 72°23’59”W, 200 m, 21.iii.2005, V. Sánchezleg., 1 male( ANDES); Cesar, Chimichagua, 22.x. 2006- iv.2007, N.C. Rojasleg., 1 male, 2 females( ICN); same, but El Paso, 25.x.2006, N.C. Rojasleg., 3 males( ICN); Chocó, Acandí, Camino El Aguacate-Pinorroa, 24.vi.2007, C. Botaleg., 1 male( CEUA); same, but Vereda Rufino, 8°34’46.7”N 77°18’47.5”W, 34 m, 2-5.vi.2005, C. Boteroleg., 2 males( ANDES); same, but Vereda Rufino, Finca El Paraiso, 8°35’14.6”N 77°18’38.7”W, 13 m, 24.vi.2005, C. Boteroleg., 1 male( ANDES); same, but Quibdó, 10.xii.1985 J.M. Idroboleg., 1 male( ICN); Córdoba, Pueblo Nuevo, 15- 21.vii-15.viii.2006, N.C. Rojasleg., 4 males, 2 females( ICN); same, but Santa Cruz de Lorica, 15.vii.2006, N.C. Rojasleg., 1 female( ICN); Cundinamarca, Fusagasugá, iv.1969, Ariasleg., 1 male( ICN); Huila, Villa Vieja, 1.iv.1982, 1 male( ICN); Magdalena, La Gaira, 20 msnm, xii.1975, 1 male(MUSENUV); same, but Santa Ana, 4.i.1978, A. Jiménezleg., 1 female( ICN); Meta, Acacías, 25-26.iv.2004, 1 male, 1 female( ICN); same, but 17.iv.2004, G. Flórezy estudiantes leg., 1 female( ICN); same, but Sector Brisas de Ortoy, 555 m, 1.iv.2004, L. Pérezy E. Realpeleg., 1 male( ANDES); same, but Cumaral, 3.ix.1981, R. Restrepoleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but Macarena, i-ii.1950, L. Richterleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but PNN La Macarena, 21.xii.1986, X. Martínezleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but 27.xii.1986, Estudiantes UNleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but Puerto Gaitán, 3. ix.2005, N. Rojasleg., 1 female( ICN); same, but Puerto López, 13.x.1984, R. Restrepoleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but 6.vi.1970, M.A. Santoyoleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but Puerto López, 6.vi.1970, O.M. Santoleg., 1 female( ICN); same, but Puerto Lleras, 22.x.2005, D. Gaitánleg., 1 female( ICN); same, but Restrepo, 11.ix.1976, A. Bernalleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but San Juan de Arama, 21-22.ix.2005, N.C. Rojasleg., 2 males, 1 female( ICN); Villavicencio, 20.iv.2005, 1 male( ICN); same, but Bosque Bavaria, 525 m, 5.xi.2006, J. Dumarleg., 1 male( ANDES); same, but Corpoica, estación “La Libertad”, 4°3’43”N 73°28’9”W, 445 m, 11.xii.2004, L. Pérezy E. Realpeleg., 3 males( ANDES); same, but 385 m, 11.xii.2006, T. Ramírezleg., 1 male( ANDES); same, but 385 m, 1.iii.2008, E. Realpeleg., 1 male( ANDES); San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, San Andrés, Laguna“Big Pond”, 100 m, 1.iv.2004, E. Realpeleg., 1 male( ANDES); same data as before except collected on: x.2006, L. Pérezy E. Realpeleg., 3 males; San Andrés, El Cove, 5.xii.1980, C. Bohórquezleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but San Andrés, 5-15.xii.1980, 10.iv.1984, C. Bohórquezleg., 2 males( ICN); Sucre, Coveñas, vii.2008, J. Vélezleg., 1 female( CEUA); same, but San Marcos, 16-18.x.2004, Sist. Animal UNleg., 2 males, 1 female( ICN); same, but San Onofre, Reserva Sanguaré, 0 m, 17.x.2003, Grupo Entomologíaleg., 1 male( CEUA); Tolima, Ambalema, 22.viii.1977, H. Aristizaballeg., 1 male( ICN); same, but Guamo, 28.xi.1970, F. Torresleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but Espinal, vii.1984, L.P. Morenoleg., 1 female( ICN); same, but Melgar, 28.iv., L.E. Aguirreleg., 1 male( ICN); Valle del Cauca, Buenaventura, 7.vii.1980, C. Bohórquezleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but Bajo Calima, 600msnm, 02.xii.2001, Curso Ecologíaleg., 1 male(MUSENUV); same, but 70msnm, 08.vi.2002, M. Cadavid leg., 1 male(MUSENUV); same, but Palmira, CIAT, 13.ix.2003, C. Bermúdezleg., 1 male(MUSENUV); same, but ii.2004, 1 male, 1 female(MUSENUV); same, but 1000 msnm, 30.x.1986, J. Zapata, leg., 1 female(MUSENUV); same data as before except collected on: 05.x.1986, G. Banqueroleg., 1 female; no data, 2 males( UARC); same, but colectado en arroz, 980msnm, 23.ii.2001, A. Morales leg., 1 female(MUSENUV); same, but 980msnm, 23.ii.2001, J.M. Bueno leg., 1 female(MUSENUV); same, but Cali, Univalle, 1000 msnm, 22.x.1982, E. Valencialeg., 1 female(MUSENUV); same data as before except collected on: 30.iii.2000, M. Barreraleg., 1 male; same, but Tuluá, Jardín Botánico Mateguadua, 4º1’42”N 76º10’0,7”W, 1200msnm, 13.viii.2003, C. Bermúdezleg., 1 female(MUSENUV). MEXICO, Jalisco, La Huerta, Estación de Biología Chamela, 12.vii-19.x.1988, E. Ramírezy R. Ayalaleg., 1 female( CNIN); Veracruz, Playa Escondida, 18.viii.1979, G. Jiménezleg., 1 male( CNIN). PUERTO RICO, Mun. Cavey, pond and river at milepost o.6, 0.6 km. from jct Hwy175, NE of Cayey, 18°7’59” 66°10’6”, 386 m, J. A. and R. W. Garrisonleg., 1 male, 1 female( RWG).
Biology. Erythemis vesiculosaexhibit large and unidirectional flights (Rácenis 1953; Paulson 1966), showing his abundance peak in late fall and early winter (Florida, Paulson, 1966). This species inhabit lakes, ponds, swamps, backwaters in streams, and rice field canals, where his peak activity is from 9:00 to 16:00 hrs and include aspects as the aggressive defense of territories by males against other males of their own species or from other Libellulidaesuch as Orthemis discolor(Burmeister), Erythemis peruviana(Rambur)and Erythrodiplax umbrata(Linnaeus) (Palacino-Rodríguez and Millán 2010). Males visit various perches, especially in the lower branches of vegetation or on the ground and it is common to see them with their wings inclined forward to counteract the heat while watching females lay eggs in the water. E. vesiculosaindividuals are voracious predators, show cannibalism, and may feed on butterflies ( Needham and Westfall 1955) and Libellulidaesuch as Dasythemis esmeraldaRis(information of collection labels). Females lay eggs by giving quick taps with the apex of the abdomen on the water surface (Taber and Fleenor 2005). E. vesiculosais parasitized by Forcipomyia incubansMcfie( Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), which feeds on hemolymph taken from wing veins ( Johannsen 1951), and in adults of this species from an agricultural field in Puerto Rico, was discovered the first mastrevirus probably transmitted by some of their diverse insect prey (Rosario et al. 2013).
Distribution.From U.S.A.to Argentina( Fig. 38), between 0–1870 m.asl.
[522,828,1666,1690]
0.021
Las
78
-0.027
29
28
1
Epl
0.011
Ddas
78
-0.023
29
28
1
2008-02-18
RWG
Garrison
Argentina
42 km N of Las Lomitas
30
29
1
1
2008-02-16
RWG
N. von Ellenrieder & R. W. Garrison
Argentina
74
58.128887
Laguna Blanca
Parque Nacional Pilcomayo
30
29
1
1
1956-12-02
1956-12-20
1956-12-02
MNRJ
Bolivia
Ciudad Reyes
Dept.
30
29
1
1
Beni
1963-02-26
1963-02-27
1963-02-26
MNRJ
Roppa & Mielke
Brazil
Porto Santana
30
29
2
2
Amapa
1936-08-18
MNRJ
Brazil
Barreiras da Ribeira
30
29
3
2
1
Amazonas
[305,1309,674,698]
1942-05
MNRJ
B. Constant & Parko
Brazil
Rio Itecoahy
30
29
4
3
1
1950-05-17
MNRJ
Brazil
30
29
1
1
[558,1175,706,730]
1942-04-22
MNRJ
Brazil
Lagadico
30
29
1
1942-02-20
MNRJ
Brazil
Lagadico
30
29
2
1
1
[1076,1302,738,762]
1942-02-22
MNRJ
Brazil
true
Lagadico
30
29
1
1
MNRJ
Parko
Brazil
Manaus
30
29
1
1
[653,1264,770,794]
1941-07-20
MNRJ
Brazil
Rio Negro
30
29
1
1
1941-07-22
MNRJ
Brazil
Rio Negro
30
29
1
1
[955,1190,802,826]
1941-07-11
MNRJ
Brazil
true
Rio Negro
30
29
1
1
1942-07-25
1960-12-02
1942-07-25
MNRJ
E. Ferreira
Brazil
Xiborene
30
29
4
3
1
1941-10
MNRJ
Brazil
Rio
Manicore
30
29
3
2
1
1951-07-05
MNRJ
N. Santos
Brazil
Acenda da Bambo do Serrinha
30
29
1
1
Bahia
[393,1435,929,954]
1951-07-18
MNRJ
N. Santos
Brazil
Camarajipe
Mata
Salvador
30
29
1
1
[192,1244,961,986]
1972-01-10
1972-01-15
1972-01-10
MNRJ
Elias
Brazil
Pascoal
Itamaraju
30
29
1
1
2002-04-24
MNRJ
J. Glauber
Brazil
Lencois
30
29
1
1
1971-02
MNRJ
Elias
Brazil
Mata
Mucuri
30
29
2
2
[466,1247,1025,1050]
1951-07-19
MNRJ
N. Santos
Brazil
Baerour
Periperi
30
29
1
1
1981-02-06
MNRJ
Brasilia D. F. & N. Santos & L. F. Netto & H. Mezquita
Brazil
Reserva Ecologica
Coquinho
30
29
2
1
1
1970-11-01
1970-11-07
1970-11-01
MNRJ
Baixo Guandu & Estr. & Elias & Paulo
Brazil
Hituba
Guandu
30
29
1
1
Espirito Santo
[566,1303,1122,1146]
1981-03
MNRJ
Bento
Brazil
Cariacica
30
29
1
1
1968-04-15
1968-04-20
1968-04-15
MNRJ
Paulo & Elias
Brazil
Conceicao da Barra
30
29
2
2
1968-03-18
1968-03-23
1968-03-18
MNRJ
Paulo & Elias
Brazil
Conceicao da Barra
30
29
1
1
[787,1029,1185,1210]
1968-02-17
1968-03-23
1968-03-18
MNRJ
Paulo & Elias
Brazil
true
Conceicao da Barra
30
29
1
1
1973-01-22
MNRJ
N Santos
Brazil
Goitacazes
30
29
1
1
1967-02-11
1967-02-28
1967-02-11
MNRJ
Paulo Elias
Brazil
Jacareipe
30
29
8
5
3
[526,1435,1249,1274]
1972-03-10
1972-03-15
1972-03-10
MNRJ
Elias
Brazil
Linhares
30
29
3
2
1
[192,1435,1282,1306]
1972-02-01
1972-03-22
1972-02-01
MNRJ
Elias
Brazil
Linhares
30
29
4
2
2
[192,450,1314,1338]
1972-02-08
1972-02-14
1972-02-08
MNRJ
Elias
Brazil
true
Linhares
30
29
1
1
1944-03
MNRJ
Elias
Brazil
Estr. Linhares-Regencia
30
29
14
6
8
[306,1063,1346,1370]
1973-05
MNRJ
Elias & Paulo
Brazil
Linhares
30
29
1
1
1973-01-20
MNRJ
N. Santos & Sandim & Vicente
Brazil
Parque Sooretama
30
29
2
2
1981-12
MNRJ
Bento
Brazil
Parque Sooretama
30
29
2
1
1
1968-04-15
1968-04-20
1968-04-15
MNRJ
Paulo & Elias
Brazil
Sao Mateus
30
29
1
1
[306,1183,1442,1466]
1981-03
MNRJ
Bento
Brazil
Morro Moscoso
Vitoria
30
29
2
2
1981-01
MNRJ
Bento
Brazil
Morro Moscoso
Vitoria
30
29
2
2
[664,1435,1473,1498]
1967-12
MNRJ
Elias
Brazil
Santa Tereza
30
29
1
1
[192,929,1505,1530]
1967-02-08
MNRJ
Elias
Brazil
Santa Tereza
30
29
1
1
[943,1182,1505,1530]
1967-01-02
MNRJ
Elias
Brazil
true
Santa Tereza
30
29
1
1
[468,1307,1537,1562]
1975-12-11
MNRJ
Inacio
Brazil
Itumbiara
30
29
2
1
1
Goias
1994-11
MNRJ
P. R. Magno
Brazil
Mineiros
30
29
1
1
1974-07-20
MNRJ
O. Mielke
Brazil
Imperatriz
30
29
1
1
Maranhao
2002-03-01
MNRJ
de Rodonia Judiavai & O. I. Souza
Brazil
Km.
Judiavai
30
29
1
1
Mato Grosso
[402,1252,1633,1658]
2002-02-06
MNRJ
O. I. Souza
Brazil
Porto Estrela
30
29
1
1
2002-01-26
MNRJ
Brazil
Rio Salobra
30
29
1
1
1955-01-21
1955-01-23
1955-01-21
MNRJ
Brazil
Rio Salobra
30
29
11
6
5
[428,641,1697,1722]
1955-01-21
1955-01-23
1955-01-21
MNRJ
Brazil
true
Rio Salobra
30
29
1
1
1963-04-13
MNRJ
N. Santos & Machado
Brazil
Afluente do Rio Casca
30
29
3
2
1
1941-12
MNRJ
C. I. O. Cruz
Brazil
Bodoquena
30
29
1
1
[602,1356,1761,1786]
1941-12
MNRJ
C. I. O. Cruz
Brazil
Bodoquena
30
29
1
1
1963-04-15
MNRJ
N. Santos & Machado
Brazil
Guia
Cuiaba
30
29
1
1
1963-04-08
MNRJ
N. Santos & Machado
Brazil
Jaciara
Cuiaba
30
29
1
1
1967-02-21
MNRJ
Nestor
Brazil
Guimaraes
Buriti Chapada
30
29
1
1
1970-01-20
MNRJ
N. Tangerini
Brazil
Guimaraes
Buriti Chapada
30
29
2
2
[495,1129,1889,1914]
1955-01-28
1955-01-30
1955-01-28
MNRJ
Brazil
Urucum
30
29
1
1
1963-12-01
MNRJ
N Santos & Machado & Borjes
Brazil
Estr.
31
30
Rio Cipo
Horizonte-Serra do Cipo
30
29
1
1
Minas Gerais
1949-04-21
MNRJ
M. G. Machado & N. Dias dos Santos
Brazil
Lagoa Vermelha
Lagoa Santa
31
30
3
3
[308,1117,258,282]
1947-02
MNRJ
Santos & Berla & Machado
Brazil
31
30
1
1
1955-02-09
MNRJ
N. Santos & Machado
Brazil
Lagoa do Palmital
Valadares
Governador
31
30
4
1
3
1958-02-22
MNRJ
D. Lacombe
Brazil
Rio Claro
31
30
1
1
1957-03-03
MNRJ
Santos & A. C. Pires
Brazil
Cascata na Serra do Tiradentes
Sao Joao del Rey
31
30
1
1
1956-01-21
MNRJ
M. Goeldi
Brazil
Jardim
Belem
31
30
1
1
Para
[542,1357,385,410]
1963-02-12
MNRJ
Roppa & Mielke
Brazil
Utinga
31
30
1
1
1936-08-23
MNRJ
Brazil
31
30
1
1
1959-06-02
MNRJ
C. Simon & O. Fontana
Brazil
Japerica
31
30
1
1
[312,1186,450,474]
1920-05
MNRJ
Garbe
Brazil
Santarem
31
30
2
1
1
1972-12-01
MNRJ
O. Mielke
Brazil
Curitiba
31
30
1
1
Parana
1957-02-13
MNRJ
D. Lacombe
Brazil
Guaira
31
30
1
1
[304,1245,513,538]
1957-02-09
MNRJ
D. Lacombe
Brazil
Sete Quedas
Salto
31
30
1
1
1944-07-11
MNRJ
Berla
Brazil
Dois
Recife
31
30
1
1
Pernambuco
1941-06-20
MNRJ
Brazil
Natal
31
30
1
1
Rio Grande do Norte
[419,939,577,602]
1975-03
MNRJ
Brazil
Rio de Janeiro
31
30
1
1
Rio de Janeiro
1983-01-25
MNRJ
da Boavista
Brazil
Horto
31
30
1
1
[524,1435,610,634]
1994-10-20
MNRJ
da Boavista
Brazil
Horto
31
30
1
1
1997-03-30
MNRJ
Museu. E. F. Ramos
Brazil
Itatiaia
31
30
1
1
[395,1049,673,698]
1961-01
MNRJ
Brazil
Tachas
Lagoa
31
30
2
2
1964-09-19
MNRJ
Brazil
Tachas
Lagoa
31
30
3
2
1
2003-09-25
MNRJ
P. J. Morin
Brazil
Poca
Ilhada Marambaia
31
30
1
1
1943-02-09
MNRJ
Brazil
Machado
Represa Sao Pedro
31
30
1
1
1997-07-10
MNRJ
B. Mascarenhas
Brazil
Rio
Fazenda da Forquilha
Flores
31
30
1
1
1997-10-24
MNRJ
Brazil
Valenca
Faz.
Faz. Sta. Rosa
31
30
1
1
[527,1378,865,890]
1980-08
MNRJ
Bento
Brazil
Ariquemes
31
30
2
1
1
Roraima
1980-02-16
MNRJ
Brazil
Caraguatatuba
31
30
1
1
Sao Paulo
1946-05-02
ICN
Colombia
Leticia
31
30
1
1
Amazonas
2002-07-13
2007-11-23
2002-07-13
CEUA
Grupo Entomologia
Colombia
80
Hacienda la Candelaria
Caucasia
31
30
11
1
10
Antioquia
2008-01-16
CEUA
D. Osorio
Colombia
1450
Universidad de Antioquia
31
30
1
1
2008-12
CEUA
A. Bustamante
Colombia
Puerto Berrio
Barrio La Malena
Casco
31
30
1
1
2007-11-17
MEFLG
G. Ochoa
Colombia
Puerto Berrio
31
30
1
1
2007-11-20
MEFLG
J. Alvarez
Colombia
31
30
1
1
[324,1358,1089,1114]
2005-03-04
MEFLG
M. Perez
Colombia
Turbo
31
30
1
1
MEFLG
Vereda El Bosque & G. Ochoa
Colombia
1475
Yolombo
31
30
1
1
1970-05-09
ICN
G. Zambrano
Colombia
Barranquilla
31
30
1
1
Atlantico
2006-07-06
2007-10-15
2006-07-06
UARC
M. Lobo & M. Moreno
Colombia
Palmar de Varela
Cienaga La Larga
31
30
2
1
1
2006-07-06
UARC
Colombia
Guaibana
Piojo
31
30
1
1
2009-01
UARC
M. Moreno
Colombia
Regidor
8.760972
Corredor
1
-73.86728
Las
31
30
1
1
Bolivar
2009-01
UARC
M. Moreno
Colombia
Las
8.778806
Cuerpos
1
-73.91495
Labrador
31
30
1
1
[192,848,1313,1338]
1999-10-05
1999-10-07
1999-10-05
ICN
Colombia
Santa Catalina
31
30
2
2
Santa Catalina
1980-09-13
ICN
La Dorada & L. Cruz
Colombia
Caldas
31
30
1
1
Caldas
[369,1018,1346,1370]
1974-04-19
ICN
A. B. Lotero
Colombia
31
30
1
1
1974-04-11
ICN
L. Agudelo
Colombia
31
30
1
1
[424,1435,1377,1402]
1976-10-12
1978-10-11
1976-10-12
ICN
P. Franco
Colombia
Agua Azul
31
30
2
1
1
Casanare
[192,1436,1409,1434]
2005-03-21
ANDES
V. Sanchez
Colombia
200
4.9883337
Finca San Luis
21
-72.39972
31
30
1
1
[192,1198,1441,1466]
2006-10-22
2007-04
2006-10-22
ICN
N. C. Rojas
Colombia
Chimichagua
31
30
3
2
1
Cesar
2006-10-25
ICN
N. C. Rojas
Colombia
El Paso
31
30
3
3
2007-06-24
CEUA
Camino El Aguacate-Pinorroa & C. Bota
Colombia
Acandi
31
30
1
1
Choco
2005-06-02
2005-06-05
2005-06-02
ANDES
C. Botero
Colombia
34
8.5796385
Vereda Rufino
1
-77.313194
31
30
2
2
2005-06-24
ANDES
Finca El Paraiso & C. Botero
Colombia
13
8.587389
Vereda Rufino
1
-77.31075
31
30
1
1
1985-12-10
ICN
J. M. Idrobo
Colombia
Quibdo
31
30
1
1
[343,1435,1601,1626]
2006-07-21
2006-08-15
2006-07-21
ICN
N. C. Rojas
Colombia
Pueblo Nuevo
31
30
6
2
4
Cordoba
[192,1135,1633,1658]
2006-07-15
ICN
N. C. Rojas
Colombia
Santa Cruz de Lorica
31
30
1
1
1969-04
ICN
Arias
Colombia
Fusagasuga
31
30
1
1
Cundinamarca
[704,1228,1665,1690]
1982-04-01
ICN
Colombia
Villa Vieja
31
30
1
1
Huila
1975-12
La Gaira
Colombia
Magdalena
31
30
1
1
Magdalena
1978-01-04
ICN
A. Jimenez
Colombia
Santa Ana
31
30
1
1
[277,931,1729,1754]
2004-04-25
2004-04-26
2004-04-25
ICN
Colombia
Acacias
31
30
2
1
1
Meta
2004-04-17
ICN
Florez
Colombia
31
30
1
1
2004-04-01
ANDES
L. Perez & E. Realpe
Colombia
555
31
30
1
1
[414,1168,1794,1818]
1981-09-03
ICN
R. Restrepo
Colombia
Cumaral
31
30
1
1
ICN
L. Richter
Colombia
Macarena
31
30
1
1
1986-12-21
ICN
X. Martinez
Colombia
La Macarena
31
30
1
1
[349,1074,1857,1882]
1986-12-27
ICN
Estudiantes UN
Colombia
31
30
1
1
2005-09-03
ICN
N. Rojas
Colombia
Puerto Gaitan
31
30
1
1
[648,1435,1890,1914]
1984-10-13
ICN
R. Restrepo
Colombia
Puerto Lopez
31
30
1
1
[192,848,193,218]
1970-06-06
ICN
M. A. Santoyo
Colombia
32
31
1
1
1970-06-06
ICN
O. M. Santo
Colombia
Puerto Lopez
32
31
1
1
[458,1302,225,250]
2005-10-22
ICN
D. Gaitan
Colombia
Puerto Lleras
32
31
1
1
1976-09-11
ICN
A. Bernal
Colombia
Restrepo
32
31
1
1
2005-09-21
2005-09-22
2005-09-21
ICN
N. C. Rojas
Colombia
San Juan de Arama
32
31
3
1
2
[627,1100,289,314]
2005-04-20
ICN
Colombia
Villavicencio
32
31
1
1
2006-11-05
ANDES
J. Dumar
Colombia
525
Bosque Bavaria
32
31
1
1
2004-12-11
ANDES
L. Perez & E. Realpe
Colombia
445
4.0619445
Corpoica
21
-73.46917
32
31
3
3
2006-12-11
ANDES
T. Ramirez
Colombia
385
32
31
1
1
[622,1375,385,410]
2008-03-01
ANDES
E. Realpe
Colombia
385
32
31
1
1
2004-04-01
ANDES
E. Realpe
Colombia
100
Laguna
San Andres
32
31
1
1
Providencia y Santa Catalina
[462,1435,449,474]
2006-10
ANDES
L. Perez & E. Realpe
Colombia
100
Laguna
San Andres
32
31
3
3
Providencia y Santa Catalina
[192,985,481,506]
1980-12-05
ICN
El Cove & C. Bohorquez
Colombia
San Andres
32
31
1
1
Providencia y Santa Catalina
5 - 15. xii. 1980, 10. iv. 1984
ICN
C. Bohorquez
Colombia
San Andres
32
31
2
2
San Andres
[743,1436,513,538]
2008-07
CEUA
J. Velez
Colombia
Covenas
32
31
1
1
Sucre
[192,1245,545,570]
2004-10-16
2004-10-18
2004-10-16
ICN
Sist. Animal UN
Colombia
San Marcos
32
31
3
1
2
2003-10-17
CEUA
Grupo Entomologia
Colombia
San
32
31
1
1
1977-08-22
ICN
H. Aristizabal
Colombia
Ambalema
32
31
1
1
Tolima
1970-11-28
ICN
F. Torres
Colombia
Guamo
32
31
1
1
[348,1115,642,666]
1984-07
ICN
L. P. Moreno
Colombia
Espinal
32
31
1
1
ICN
L. E. Aguirre
Colombia
Melgar
32
31
1
1
1980-07-07
ICN
C. Bohorquez
Colombia
Valle del Cauca
32
31
1
1
Valle del Cauca
[276,1357,705,730]
2001-12-02
Curso Ecologia
Colombia
Bajo Calima
32
31
1
1
2003-09-13
C. Bermudez
Colombia
Palmira
32
31
1
1
1986-10-05
G. Banquero
Colombia
Palmira
32
31
1
1
[651,951,834,858]
UARC
Colombia
32
31
2
2
1982-10-22
E. Valencia
Colombia
Univalle
Cali
32
31
1
1
[371,1306,930,954]
2000-03-30
M. Barrera
Colombia
Univalle
Cali
32
31
1
1
2003-08-13
C. Bermudez
Colombia
4.0283337
Jardin Botanico Mateguadua
15
-76.166855
Tulua
32
31
1
1
1988-07-12
1988-10-19
1988-07-12
CNIN
La Huerta & E. Ramirez & R. Ayala
Mexico
Estacion de Biologia Chamela
32
31
1
1
Jalisco
1979-08-18
CNIN
G. Jimenez
Mexico
Playa Escondida
32
31
1
1
Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave
RWG
J. A. and R. W. Garrison
Puerto Rico
386
Hwy
Mun.
32
31
2
1
1
Cavey