Libellula vesiculosa Fabricius, 1775: 421 Libellula acuta Say, 1840: 24 Lepthemis vesiculosa Hagen, 1861: 161 Morphological variability and evaluation of taxonomic characters in the genus Erythemis Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Libellulidae: Sympetrinae) Rodríguez, Fredy Palacino Sarmiento, Carlos E. González-Soriano, Enrique Insecta Mundi 2015 2015-07-10 2015 428 1 68 3BCH6 (Fabricius, 1775) Fabricius 1775 [192,717,289,314] Insecta Libellulidae Erythemis Animalia Odonata 29 28 Arthropoda species vesiculosa  ( Fig. 1a, 2a,c, 8, 14, 16, 20, 28, 38)      Libellula vesiculosa Fabricius, 1775: 421.   Libellula acutaSay, 1840: 24     Lepthemis vesiculosa Hagen, 1861: 161.    TypeMaterial.Not examined.   Diagnosis.Thorax green, dorsum abdomen green with dark brown (sexually immature male) or black (mature male), S8-10 with spots or all black or dark brown, and thebasal area on HW is yellow or brown. Radial planate with double cells (Fig. 28). Dark basal spot on HW does not reach the first antenodal vein, the MP crossvein, the AA (Fig. 26) or the last rows of cells to anal angle. Ventral teeth on male cercus is beyond the apex of epiproct ( Fig. 12). Posterior lobe of vesica spermalis absent. Hook bilobed ( Fig. 18), triangular or trapezoidal, and not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of vesica spermalis ( Fig. 20). Cornua parallel to transversal axis of vesica spermalis, with lobes fused to apex, and not covered by lateral lobes in lateral view ( Fig. 20). Lab> 30mm.  Morphometric ratios of males.LHW/Lab>1.20; Lab/LclS3>1.50.  Morphometric ratios of females.LHW/Lab<1.20; Lab/Las<2.50; LclS3/LcaS3<3.00; Lab/ LclS3>1.40; Lnpt/Anb>1.20.  Head.Ll:  0.013 –0.017mm(M);  0.014 –0.017mm(F). Lw:  0.035 –0.043mm(M);  0.038 – 0.041mm(F). Hwd:  0.070 –0.079mm(M);  0.072 –0.076mm(F). Hl:  0.036 –0.050mm(M);  0.040 –0.046mm(F).  Legs.Nsmf: 8–16 (M); 5–9 (F). Nshf: 11–42 (M); 8–17 (F). Hfl:  0.053 –0.092mm(M);  0.067 –0.086mm(F). Fbsd:  0.024 –0.035mm(M);  0.030 –0.035mm(F). Mfl:  0.042 –0.054mm(M);  0.046 –0.052mm(F). Dshf (the conditions separated by commas are present in different specimens): short spines-1 to 3 median spines-3 long spines, short spines-3 to 5 long spines.  Wings.LoptFW:  0.039 –0.050mm(M);  0.043 –0.048mm(F). AnptFW:  0.005 –0.010mm(M);  0.008 – 0.010mm(F). LoptHW:  0.038 –0.046mm(M);  0.041 –0.046mm(F). AnptHW:  0.006 –0.010mm(M);  0.008 –0.010mm(F). DfwHW:  0.068 –0.081mm(M);  0.071 –0.082mm(F). LbanFW: 17.23–21.23mm(M); 18.81–20.91mm(F). LbanHW: 15.18–18.41mm(M); 14.91–17.76mm(F). AndFW: 7.74–9.34mm(M); 8.43– 9.46mm(F). Wb: 9.28–11.57mm(M); 10.90–11.02mm(F). LFW: 36.44–41.34mm(M); 40.26–42.17mm(F). LHW: 36.78–41.52mm(M); 36.52–40.72mm(F). AnsbtFW:  0.020 –0.031mm(M);  0.021 –0.026mm(F). AntrFW:  0.005 –0.010mm(M);  0.007 –0.010mm(F). LarFW:  0.0018 –0.0056mm(M);  0.002 –0.005mm(F). LarHW: 0.000 – 0.006mm (M);  0.0019 –0.0062mm(F). LnptFW: 12.33–14.45mm(M); 12.90–14.53mm(F). LnptHW: 12.28–16.79mm(M); 14.42–16.21mm(F). At-MP:  0.0021 –0.0050mm(M);  0.0028 –0.0043mm(F). LbaFW:  0.029 –0.038mm(M);  0.031 –0.035mm(F). LbaHW:  0.028 –0.038mm(M);  0.032 –0.037mm(F). RP2-loptFW: 0.00– 0.09mm(M);  0.018 –0.093mm(F). RP2-loptHW:  0.0006 –0.0062mm(M); 0.0006 – 0.0110(F). Dat-lsbt:  0.0006 –0.0025mm(M);  0.0009 –0.0031mm(F). Lasa-ca:  0.0021 –0.0081mm(M);  0.003 –0.009mm(F). Crp: 9–11 (FW), 10–13 (HW). Cal: 3–7. pC-RA-RP1: 2–3. CdfFW: only 3 rows of cells. Vt: 1. Csub: 3.  Abdomen.Lab: 35.70–43.09mm(M); 37.86–42.47mm(F). LcaS3:  0.006 –0.021mm(M);  0.008 – 0.017mm(F). LclS3:  0.015 –0.023mm(M);  0.021 –0.028mm(F). Lecv-clS3:  0.012 –0.017mm(M);  0.014 – 0.019mm(F).  Caudal appendages.  Las:  0.021 –0.027mm(M);  0.018 –0.022mm(F). Poas:  0.0006 –0.0056mm(M);  0.001 –0.004mm(F). Anas:  0.004 –0.008mm(M);   0.003 –0.006mm(F). Ddas:  0.003 –0.010mm(M). Epl:  0.011 –0.023mm(M);  0.005 –0.008mm(F).  Larva.The following characters were found by Klots (1932): Total length 18.5 mm, Hfl 7 mm, head width 5.2 mm, abdomen width 6 mm. Head widest across the front, and narrowed behind the eyes. Ocellar region paler, with a black spot at the anterior end of each side lateral ocellus, diffuse at the base of the antennae. Rear of head has 8 paler bands. Labium with 15–16 mental setae and 11–12 lateral setae. Wing pads reach to the 8 thsegment. Tarsi with an apical ring. Dorsal hooks with long hair on the apex 7–9. Larvae additional characters are provided by Needham and Westfall (1955)as follows: minute lateral spine on S9, several more setae on the labium than other species. According to Costa and Pujol-Luz (1993)  E. vesiculosalarvae is the longest of the genus, and shows 16 premental setae, 12 palpal setae, the lateral spine on ninth segment is reduced, cercus exceeds 2/3 the length of the epiproct. Paulson (1966) found  Anax juniusand  Ischnura ramburilarvae simultaneously with  E. vesiculosalarvae in a temporary ditch with vegetation and about 8 inchesdeep in Marco Island (Collier Co., Florida).   Material examined.   ARGENTINA,  Formosa Prov., Banado La Estrella,  42 kmN of Las Lomitason road 28, 24°27’32” 60°23’17”, 0 m,  18.ii.2008, R. W. Garrisonand N von Ellenrieder leg., 1 male( RWG); same, but Parque Nacional Pilcomayo, Laguna Blancamarshes by pond, 25°10’29”S 58°7’44”N,  74 m,  16.ii.2008, N. von Ellenriederand R. W. Garrisonleg., 1 female( RWG).   BOLIVIA,  Dept. Beni, Ciudad Reyes,  02-20.xii.1956, 1 male( MNRJ).   BRAZIL, Amapá, Porto Santana, ICOMI,  26-27.ii.1963, Roppa, Mielkeleg., 2 females( MNRJ);   Amazonas, Barreiras da Ribeira,  18.viii.1936, 1 male, 2 females( MNRJ); same, but B. Constant, Río Itecoahy,  v.1942, Parkoleg., 1 male, 3 females( MNRJ); same, but  17.v.1950, 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Lagadiçode baixo,  22.iv.1942, ( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on following dates: 2 M,  20.ii.1942, 1 male, 1 female;   22.ii.1942, 1 male; same, but Manaus, Parkoleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Rio Negro,  20.vii.1941, 1 male( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on following dates:  22.vii.1941, 1 male;   11.vii.1941, 1 male; 12.vii.1941, 1 male; 23.vii.1941 1 female, 1 male; 25.vii.1941, 3 males, 3 females;   25.vii.1942, 1 female, same, but Xiborene,  02.xii.1960, E. Ferreiraleg., 1 male, 2 females( MNRJ); same, but Manicoré, Rio Madeira, Parkoleg.,  x.1941, 1 male, 2 females( MNRJ);   Bahia, Açenda da Bambo do Serrinha,  05.vii.1951, N. Santosleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Camarajipe, Salvador( Mata),  18.vii.1951, N. Santosleg., 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Itamaraju, monte Pascoalkm. 5,  10-15.i.1972, Elias, leg., 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Lençois(atraído por luz, noite),  24.iv.2002, J. Glauberleg., 1 female( MNRJ);  Mucuri( Mata),  ii.1971, Elias, leg., 2 males( MNRJ);  Periperi, Baerour,  19.vii.1951, N. Santosleg., 1 female( MNRJ);   Brasilia D.F., Coquinho, Reserva Ecológicado IBGE,  06.ii.1981, N. Santos, L.F. Netto, H. Mezquitaleg., 1 female, 1 male( MNRJ);   Espírito Santo, Baixo Guandu, Estr.B. Guanduá Hitubakm. 13,  01-07.xi.1970, Elias, Pauloleg., 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Cariacica,  iii.1981, Bentoleg., 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Conceição da Barra,  15-20.iv.1968, Paulo, Eliasleg., 2 males( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on following dates:  18-23.iii.1968, 1 male;   17.ii.1968, 1 female; 25-30.i.1971, 2 females;  Goitacazes,  22.i.1973, N Santosleg., 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Jacareípe,  11-28.ii.1967, Paulo Eliasleg., 3 males, 5 females( MNRJ); same, but Linhares,  10-15.iii.1972, Eliasleg., 1 male, 2 females( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on following dates:  01-07.ii.1972, 2 females,  17-22.iii.1972, 2 males;   08-14.ii.1972, 1 male; same, but Estr. Linhares-Regênciakm. 4,  iii.1944, Eliasleg., 8 males, 6 females( MNRJ); same, but Linhares,  v.1973, Elias, Pauloleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Parque Sooretama,  20.i.1973, N. Santos, Sandim, Vicenteleg., 2 males( MNRJ); same, but Parque Sooretama,  xii.1981, Bentoleg., 1 male, 1 female( MNRJ); same, but São Mateus,  15-20.iv.1968, Paulo, Eliasleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Vitória, Morro Moscoso,  iii.1981, Bentoleg., 2 males( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on:  i.1981, 2 females; same, but Santa Tereza,  xii.1967, Eliasleg., 1 female( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on:  08.ii.1967, 1 male;   02.i.1967, 1 female; 11.i.1968, 1 female; 8-13.vi.1968, 2 males;   Goiás, Itumbiara,  11.xii.1975, Inácioleg., 1 male, 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Mineiros,  xi.1994, P.R. Magnoleg., 1 female( MNRJ);   Maranhão, Imperatriz,  20.vii.1974, O. Mielkeleg., 1 female( MNRJ);   Mato Grosso, Judiavai, Km.3 de Rodonia Judiavai,  01.iii.2002, O.I. Souzaleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Porto Estrela,  06.ii.2002, O.I. Souzaleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Río Salobra,  26.i.2002, 1 male( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on following dates:  21-23.i.1955, 5 males, 6 females;   21.i.1955, 1 male; 01.ii.1941, 2 females; same, but Afluente do Río Casca, cerca de 20 km.,  13.iv.1963, N. Santos, Machadoleg., 1 male, 2 females( MNRJ); same, but Bodoquena,  xii.1941, C.I.O. Cruzleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on: 15-17.1941, 1 female; same, but entre Cuiabáe Guia,  15.iv.1963, N. Santos, Machadoleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but entre Cuiabáe Jaciara,  08.iv.1963, N. Santos, Machadoleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Buriti Chapadados Guimarães,  21.ii.1967, Nestorleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on:  20.i.1970, N. Tangerinileg., 2 males; same, but Urucum,  28-30.i.1955, 1 female( MNRJ);   Minas Gerais, Estr.B. Horizonte-Serra do Cipó, Río Cipó, Km.02,  01.xii.1963, N Santos, Machado, Borjesleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Lagoa Santa, Lagoa Vermelha,  21.iv.1949, M.G. Machado, N. Dias dos Santosleg., 3 females( MNRJ); same, but  ii.1947, Santos, Berla, Machado, leg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Lagoa do Palmital, Governador, Valadares,  9.ii.1955, N. Santos, Machadoleg., 3 males, 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Rio Claro,  22.ii.1958, D. Lacombeleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but São João del Rey, Cascata na Serra do Tiradentes,  03.iii.1957, Santos, A.C. Piresleg., 1 male( MNRJ);   Pará, Belém, Jardimdo M. Goeldi,  21.i.1956, 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Utinga,  12.ii.1963, Roppa, Mielkeleg., 1 female( MNRJ); same, but  23.viii.1936, 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Japérica,  06.02.1959, C. Simón, O. Fontanaleg., 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Santarém,  v.1920, Garbeleg., 1 male, 1 female( MNRJ);   Paraná, Curitiba,  01.xii.1972, O. Mielkeleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Guaíra,  13.ii.1957, D. Lacombeleg., 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Saltodas Sete Quedas,  09.ii.1957, D. Lacombeleg., 1 male( MNRJ);   Pernambuco, Recife, Doisirmãos,  11.vii.1944, Berlaleg., 1 female( MNRJ);   Rio Grande do Norte, Natal,  20.vi.1941, 1 female( MNRJ);   Rio de Janeiro,  iii.1975, 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Hortoda quinta da Boavista,  25.i.1983, 1 male( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on following dates:  20.x.1994, 1 male; same, but Itatiaia, Parque Nacionaldo Itatiaia(lago azul) perto do Museu. E.F. Ramos,  30.iii.1997, 1 female( MNRJ); same, but Lagoadas Tachas,  i.1961, 2 males( MNRJ); same data as before except collected on:  19.ix.1964, 1 male 2 females, ( MNRJ); 12.xii.1965, N. Santos leg., 8 males; 21.ii.1966, N. Santos e Martins leg., 1 male; 25.i.1969, N. Santos leg., 1 male, 1 female; same, but Ilhada Marambaia, Poçaheliponto, J. M.C,  25.ix.2003, 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Represa São Pedro, Machado,  09.ii.1943, 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Riodas Flores, Fazenda da Forquilha, B. Mascarenhas,  10.vii.1997, 1 male( MNRJ); same, but Valença, Faz. Sta. Rosa( Faz.Pau-D’Alho) Represa da Usina.B. Mascarenhas,  24.x.1997, 1 male( MNRJ);   Roraima, Ariquemes,  viii.1980, Bentoleg., 1 male, 1 female( MNRJ);   São Paulo, Caraguatatuba,  16.ii.1980, 1 female( MNRJ).   COLOMBIA,  Amazonas, Leticia,  2.v.1946, 1 female( ICN);   Antioquia, Caucasia, Hacienda la Candelaria,  80 m,  13.vii.2002–  2-3.ix.2004–  1-2. ix.2006–  23.xi.2007, Grupo Entomologíaleg., 10 males, 1 female( CEUA); same, but Universidad de Antioquia,  1450 m,  16.i.2008, D. Osorioleg., 1 male( CEUA); same, but Puerto Berrío, Cascourbano, Barrio La Malena,  xii.2008, A. Bustamanteleg., 1 female( CEUA); same Puerto Berrío, 6.5°-74°,  17. xi.2007, G. Ochoaleg., 1 male( MEFLG); same, but 6.5° -74.4°,  20.xi.2007, J. Alvarezleg., 1 female( MEFLG); same, but Turbo, 8.0000000° -76.5833000°,  4.iii.2005, M. Pérezleg., 1 male( MEFLG); same, but Yolombó, Vereda El Bosque, 7.00110° 75.9636000°,  1475 m, G. Ochoaleg., 1 male( MEFLG);   Atlántico, Barranquilla,  9.v.1970, G. Zambranoleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but Ciénaga La Larga, Palmar de Varela,  6.vii.2006-  15.x.2007, M. Loboy M. Morenoleg., 1 male, 1 female( UARC); same, but Piojó, Guaibaná,  6.vii.2006, 1 male( UARC);   Bolívar, Regidor, Finca LasBrisas, Corredorde vegetación alrededor de caño, 8º 45’ 39.5”N 73º 52’ 02.2” W,  i.2009, M. Morenoleg., 1 male( UARC); same, but LasPavas ó Labrador, Cuerposde agua, 8º 46’ 43.7 N 73º 54’ 53.8” W,  i.2009, M. Morenoleg., 1 male( UARC); same, but Santa Catalina,  5-7.x.1999, 2 males( ICN);   Caldas, La Dorada,  13.ix.1980, L. Cruzleg., 1 female( ICN); same, but  19.iv.1974, A.B. Loteroleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but  11.iv.1974, L. Agudeloleg., 1 male( ICN);   Casanare, Agua Azul,  12.x.1976-  11.x.1978, P. Francoleg., 1 male, 1 female( ICN); same, but Finca San Luís, 4°59’18”N 72°23’59”W,  200 m,  21.iii.2005, V. Sánchezleg., 1 male( ANDES);   Cesar, Chimichagua,  22.x. 2006-  iv.2007, N.C. Rojasleg., 1 male, 2 females( ICN); same, but El Paso,  25.x.2006, N.C. Rojasleg., 3 males( ICN);   Chocó, Acandí, Camino El Aguacate-Pinorroa,  24.vi.2007, C. Botaleg., 1 male( CEUA); same, but Vereda Rufino, 8°34’46.7”N 77°18’47.5”W,  34 m,  2-5.vi.2005, C. Boteroleg., 2 males( ANDES); same, but Vereda Rufino, Finca El Paraiso, 8°35’14.6”N 77°18’38.7”W,  13 m,  24.vi.2005, C. Boteroleg., 1 male( ANDES); same, but Quibdó,  10.xii.1985 J.M. Idroboleg., 1 male( ICN);   Córdoba, Pueblo Nuevo, 15-  21.vii-15.viii.2006, N.C. Rojasleg., 4 males, 2 females( ICN); same, but Santa Cruz de Lorica,  15.vii.2006, N.C. Rojasleg., 1 female( ICN);   Cundinamarca, Fusagasugá,  iv.1969, Ariasleg., 1 male( ICN);   Huila, Villa Vieja,  1.iv.1982, 1 male( ICN);   Magdalena, La Gaira, 20 msnm,  xii.1975, 1 male(MUSENUV); same, but Santa Ana,  4.i.1978, A. Jiménezleg., 1 female( ICN);   Meta, Acacías,  25-26.iv.2004, 1 male, 1 female( ICN); same, but  17.iv.2004, G. Flórezy estudiantes leg., 1 female( ICN); same, but Sector Brisas de Ortoy,  555 m,  1.iv.2004, L. Pérezy E. Realpeleg., 1 male( ANDES); same, but Cumaral,  3.ix.1981, R. Restrepoleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but Macarena, i-ii.1950, L. Richterleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but PNN La Macarena,  21.xii.1986, X. Martínezleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but  27.xii.1986, Estudiantes UNleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but Puerto Gaitán,  3. ix.2005, N. Rojasleg., 1 female( ICN); same, but Puerto López,  13.x.1984, R. Restrepoleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but  6.vi.1970, M.A. Santoyoleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but Puerto López,  6.vi.1970, O.M. Santoleg., 1 female( ICN); same, but Puerto Lleras,  22.x.2005, D. Gaitánleg., 1 female( ICN); same, but Restrepo,  11.ix.1976, A. Bernalleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but San Juan de Arama,  21-22.ix.2005, N.C. Rojasleg., 2 males, 1 female( ICN);  Villavicencio,  20.iv.2005, 1 male( ICN); same, but Bosque Bavaria,  525 m,  5.xi.2006, J. Dumarleg., 1 male( ANDES); same, but Corpoica, estación “La Libertad”, 4°3’43”N 73°28’9”W,  445 m,  11.xii.2004, L. Pérezy E. Realpeleg., 3 males( ANDES); same, but  385 m,  11.xii.2006, T. Ramírezleg., 1 male( ANDES); same, but  385 m,  1.iii.2008, E. Realpeleg., 1 male( ANDES);   San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, San Andrés, Laguna“Big Pond”,  100 m,  1.iv.2004, E. Realpeleg., 1 male( ANDES); same data as before except collected on:  x.2006, L. Pérezy E. Realpeleg., 3 males;   San Andrés, El Cove,  5.xii.1980, C. Bohórquezleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but San Andrés,  5-15.xii.1980, 10.iv.1984, C. Bohórquezleg., 2 males( ICN);   Sucre, Coveñas,  vii.2008, J. Vélezleg., 1 female( CEUA); same, but San Marcos,  16-18.x.2004, Sist. Animal UNleg., 2 males, 1 female( ICN); same, but San Onofre, Reserva Sanguaré, 0 m,  17.x.2003, Grupo Entomologíaleg., 1 male( CEUA);   Tolima, Ambalema,  22.viii.1977, H. Aristizaballeg., 1 male( ICN); same, but Guamo,  28.xi.1970, F. Torresleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but Espinal,  vii.1984, L.P. Morenoleg., 1 female( ICN); same, but Melgar, 28.iv., L.E. Aguirreleg., 1 male( ICN);   Valle del Cauca, Buenaventura,  7.vii.1980, C. Bohórquezleg., 1 male( ICN); same, but Bajo Calima, 600msnm,  02.xii.2001, Curso Ecologíaleg., 1 male(MUSENUV); same, but 70msnm, 08.vi.2002, M. Cadavid leg., 1 male(MUSENUV); same, but Palmira, CIAT,  13.ix.2003, C. Bermúdezleg., 1 male(MUSENUV); same, but ii.2004, 1 male, 1 female(MUSENUV); same, but 1000 msnm, 30.x.1986, J. Zapata, leg., 1 female(MUSENUV); same data as before except collected on:  05.x.1986, G. Banqueroleg., 1 female; no data, 2 males( UARC); same, but colectado en arroz, 980msnm, 23.ii.2001, A. Morales leg., 1 female(MUSENUV); same, but 980msnm, 23.ii.2001, J.M. Bueno leg., 1 female(MUSENUV); same, but Cali, Univalle, 1000 msnm,  22.x.1982, E. Valencialeg., 1 female(MUSENUV); same data as before except collected on:  30.iii.2000, M. Barreraleg., 1 male; same, but Tuluá, Jardín Botánico Mateguadua, 4º1’42”N 76º10’0,7”W, 1200msnm,  13.viii.2003, C. Bermúdezleg., 1 female(MUSENUV).   MEXICO,  Jalisco, La Huerta, Estación de Biología Chamela,  12.vii-19.x.1988, E. Ramírezy R. Ayalaleg., 1 female( CNIN);   Veracruz, Playa Escondida,  18.viii.1979, G. Jiménezleg., 1 male( CNIN).   PUERTO RICO,  Mun. Cavey, pond and river at milepost o.6, 0.6 km. from jct Hwy175, NE of Cayey, 18°7’59” 66°10’6”,  386 m, J. A. and R. W. Garrisonleg., 1 male, 1 female( RWG).   Biology.  Erythemis vesiculosaexhibit large and unidirectional flights (Rácenis 1953; Paulson 1966), showing his abundance peak in late fall and early winter (Florida, Paulson, 1966). This species inhabit lakes, ponds, swamps, backwaters in streams, and rice field canals, where his peak activity is from 9:00 to 16:00 hrs and include aspects as the aggressive defense of territories by males against other males of their own species or from other Libellulidaesuch as  Orthemis discolor(Burmeister),  Erythemis peruviana(Rambur)and  Erythrodiplax umbrata(Linnaeus) (Palacino-Rodríguez and Millán 2010). Males visit various perches, especially in the lower branches of vegetation or on the ground and it is common to see them with their wings inclined forward to counteract the heat while watching females lay eggs in the water.  E. vesiculosaindividuals are voracious predators, show cannibalism, and may feed on butterflies ( Needham and Westfall 1955) and Libellulidaesuch as  Dasythemis esmeraldaRis(information of collection labels). Females lay eggs by giving quick taps with the apex of the abdomen on the water surface (Taber and Fleenor 2005).  E. vesiculosais parasitized by  Forcipomyia incubansMcfie( Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), which feeds on hemolymph taken from wing veins ( Johannsen 1951), and in adults of this species from an agricultural field in Puerto Rico, was discovered the first mastrevirus probably transmitted by some of their diverse insect prey (Rosario et al. 2013).   Distribution.From U.S.A.to Argentina( Fig. 38), between 0–1870 m.asl. [522,828,1666,1690] 0.021 Las 78 -0.027 29 28 1 Epl 0.011 Ddas 78 -0.023 29 28 1 2008-02-18 RWG Garrison Argentina 42 km N of Las Lomitas 30 29 1 1 2008-02-16 RWG N. von Ellenrieder & R. W. Garrison Argentina 74 58.128887 Laguna Blanca Parque Nacional Pilcomayo 30 29 1 1 1956-12-02 1956-12-20 1956-12-02 MNRJ Bolivia Ciudad Reyes Dept. 30 29 1 1 Beni 1963-02-26 1963-02-27 1963-02-26 MNRJ Roppa & Mielke Brazil Porto Santana 30 29 2 2 Amapa 1936-08-18 MNRJ Brazil Barreiras da Ribeira 30 29 3 2 1 Amazonas [305,1309,674,698] 1942-05 MNRJ B. Constant & Parko Brazil Rio Itecoahy 30 29 4 3 1 1950-05-17 MNRJ Brazil 30 29 1 1 [558,1175,706,730] 1942-04-22 MNRJ Brazil Lagadico 30 29 1 1942-02-20 MNRJ Brazil Lagadico 30 29 2 1 1 [1076,1302,738,762] 1942-02-22 MNRJ Brazil true Lagadico 30 29 1 1 MNRJ Parko Brazil Manaus 30 29 1 1 [653,1264,770,794] 1941-07-20 MNRJ Brazil Rio Negro 30 29 1 1 1941-07-22 MNRJ Brazil Rio Negro 30 29 1 1 [955,1190,802,826] 1941-07-11 MNRJ Brazil true Rio Negro 30 29 1 1 1942-07-25 1960-12-02 1942-07-25 MNRJ E. Ferreira Brazil Xiborene 30 29 4 3 1 1941-10 MNRJ Brazil Rio Manicore 30 29 3 2 1 1951-07-05 MNRJ N. Santos Brazil Acenda da Bambo do Serrinha 30 29 1 1 Bahia [393,1435,929,954] 1951-07-18 MNRJ N. Santos Brazil Camarajipe Mata Salvador 30 29 1 1 [192,1244,961,986] 1972-01-10 1972-01-15 1972-01-10 MNRJ Elias Brazil Pascoal Itamaraju 30 29 1 1 2002-04-24 MNRJ J. Glauber Brazil Lencois 30 29 1 1 1971-02 MNRJ Elias Brazil Mata Mucuri 30 29 2 2 [466,1247,1025,1050] 1951-07-19 MNRJ N. Santos Brazil Baerour Periperi 30 29 1 1 1981-02-06 MNRJ Brasilia D. F. & N. Santos & L. F. Netto & H. Mezquita Brazil Reserva Ecologica Coquinho 30 29 2 1 1 1970-11-01 1970-11-07 1970-11-01 MNRJ Baixo Guandu & Estr. & Elias & Paulo Brazil Hituba Guandu 30 29 1 1 Espirito Santo [566,1303,1122,1146] 1981-03 MNRJ Bento Brazil Cariacica 30 29 1 1 1968-04-15 1968-04-20 1968-04-15 MNRJ Paulo & Elias Brazil Conceicao da Barra 30 29 2 2 1968-03-18 1968-03-23 1968-03-18 MNRJ Paulo & Elias Brazil Conceicao da Barra 30 29 1 1 [787,1029,1185,1210] 1968-02-17 1968-03-23 1968-03-18 MNRJ Paulo & Elias Brazil true Conceicao da Barra 30 29 1 1 1973-01-22 MNRJ N Santos Brazil Goitacazes 30 29 1 1 1967-02-11 1967-02-28 1967-02-11 MNRJ Paulo Elias Brazil Jacareipe 30 29 8 5 3 [526,1435,1249,1274] 1972-03-10 1972-03-15 1972-03-10 MNRJ Elias Brazil Linhares 30 29 3 2 1 [192,1435,1282,1306] 1972-02-01 1972-03-22 1972-02-01 MNRJ Elias Brazil Linhares 30 29 4 2 2 [192,450,1314,1338] 1972-02-08 1972-02-14 1972-02-08 MNRJ Elias Brazil true Linhares 30 29 1 1 1944-03 MNRJ Elias Brazil Estr. Linhares-Regencia 30 29 14 6 8 [306,1063,1346,1370] 1973-05 MNRJ Elias & Paulo Brazil Linhares 30 29 1 1 1973-01-20 MNRJ N. Santos & Sandim & Vicente Brazil Parque Sooretama 30 29 2 2 1981-12 MNRJ Bento Brazil Parque Sooretama 30 29 2 1 1 1968-04-15 1968-04-20 1968-04-15 MNRJ Paulo & Elias Brazil Sao Mateus 30 29 1 1 [306,1183,1442,1466] 1981-03 MNRJ Bento Brazil Morro Moscoso Vitoria 30 29 2 2 1981-01 MNRJ Bento Brazil Morro Moscoso Vitoria 30 29 2 2 [664,1435,1473,1498] 1967-12 MNRJ Elias Brazil Santa Tereza 30 29 1 1 [192,929,1505,1530] 1967-02-08 MNRJ Elias Brazil Santa Tereza 30 29 1 1 [943,1182,1505,1530] 1967-01-02 MNRJ Elias Brazil true Santa Tereza 30 29 1 1 [468,1307,1537,1562] 1975-12-11 MNRJ Inacio Brazil Itumbiara 30 29 2 1 1 Goias 1994-11 MNRJ P. R. Magno Brazil Mineiros 30 29 1 1 1974-07-20 MNRJ O. Mielke Brazil Imperatriz 30 29 1 1 Maranhao 2002-03-01 MNRJ de Rodonia Judiavai & O. I. Souza Brazil Km. Judiavai 30 29 1 1 Mato Grosso [402,1252,1633,1658] 2002-02-06 MNRJ O. I. Souza Brazil Porto Estrela 30 29 1 1 2002-01-26 MNRJ Brazil Rio Salobra 30 29 1 1 1955-01-21 1955-01-23 1955-01-21 MNRJ Brazil Rio Salobra 30 29 11 6 5 [428,641,1697,1722] 1955-01-21 1955-01-23 1955-01-21 MNRJ Brazil true Rio Salobra 30 29 1 1 1963-04-13 MNRJ N. Santos & Machado Brazil Afluente do Rio Casca 30 29 3 2 1 1941-12 MNRJ C. I. O. Cruz Brazil Bodoquena 30 29 1 1 [602,1356,1761,1786] 1941-12 MNRJ C. I. O. Cruz Brazil Bodoquena 30 29 1 1 1963-04-15 MNRJ N. Santos & Machado Brazil Guia Cuiaba 30 29 1 1 1963-04-08 MNRJ N. Santos & Machado Brazil Jaciara Cuiaba 30 29 1 1 1967-02-21 MNRJ Nestor Brazil Guimaraes Buriti Chapada 30 29 1 1 1970-01-20 MNRJ N. Tangerini Brazil Guimaraes Buriti Chapada 30 29 2 2 [495,1129,1889,1914] 1955-01-28 1955-01-30 1955-01-28 MNRJ Brazil Urucum 30 29 1 1 1963-12-01 MNRJ N Santos & Machado & Borjes Brazil Estr. 31 30 Rio Cipo Horizonte-Serra do Cipo 30 29 1 1 Minas Gerais 1949-04-21 MNRJ M. G. Machado & N. Dias dos Santos Brazil Lagoa Vermelha Lagoa Santa 31 30 3 3 [308,1117,258,282] 1947-02 MNRJ Santos & Berla & Machado Brazil 31 30 1 1 1955-02-09 MNRJ N. Santos & Machado Brazil Lagoa do Palmital Valadares Governador 31 30 4 1 3 1958-02-22 MNRJ D. Lacombe Brazil Rio Claro 31 30 1 1 1957-03-03 MNRJ Santos & A. C. Pires Brazil Cascata na Serra do Tiradentes Sao Joao del Rey 31 30 1 1 1956-01-21 MNRJ M. Goeldi Brazil Jardim Belem 31 30 1 1 Para [542,1357,385,410] 1963-02-12 MNRJ Roppa & Mielke Brazil Utinga 31 30 1 1 1936-08-23 MNRJ Brazil 31 30 1 1 1959-06-02 MNRJ C. Simon & O. Fontana Brazil Japerica 31 30 1 1 [312,1186,450,474] 1920-05 MNRJ Garbe Brazil Santarem 31 30 2 1 1 1972-12-01 MNRJ O. Mielke Brazil Curitiba 31 30 1 1 Parana 1957-02-13 MNRJ D. Lacombe Brazil Guaira 31 30 1 1 [304,1245,513,538] 1957-02-09 MNRJ D. Lacombe Brazil Sete Quedas Salto 31 30 1 1 1944-07-11 MNRJ Berla Brazil Dois Recife 31 30 1 1 Pernambuco 1941-06-20 MNRJ Brazil Natal 31 30 1 1 Rio Grande do Norte [419,939,577,602] 1975-03 MNRJ Brazil Rio de Janeiro 31 30 1 1 Rio de Janeiro 1983-01-25 MNRJ da Boavista Brazil Horto 31 30 1 1 [524,1435,610,634] 1994-10-20 MNRJ da Boavista Brazil Horto 31 30 1 1 1997-03-30 MNRJ Museu. E. F. Ramos Brazil Itatiaia 31 30 1 1 [395,1049,673,698] 1961-01 MNRJ Brazil Tachas Lagoa 31 30 2 2 1964-09-19 MNRJ Brazil Tachas Lagoa 31 30 3 2 1 2003-09-25 MNRJ P. J. Morin Brazil Poca Ilhada Marambaia 31 30 1 1 1943-02-09 MNRJ Brazil Machado Represa Sao Pedro 31 30 1 1 1997-07-10 MNRJ B. Mascarenhas Brazil Rio Fazenda da Forquilha Flores 31 30 1 1 1997-10-24 MNRJ Brazil Valenca Faz. Faz. Sta. Rosa 31 30 1 1 [527,1378,865,890] 1980-08 MNRJ Bento Brazil Ariquemes 31 30 2 1 1 Roraima 1980-02-16 MNRJ Brazil Caraguatatuba 31 30 1 1 Sao Paulo 1946-05-02 ICN Colombia Leticia 31 30 1 1 Amazonas 2002-07-13 2007-11-23 2002-07-13 CEUA Grupo Entomologia Colombia 80 Hacienda la Candelaria Caucasia 31 30 11 1 10 Antioquia 2008-01-16 CEUA D. Osorio Colombia 1450 Universidad de Antioquia 31 30 1 1 2008-12 CEUA A. Bustamante Colombia Puerto Berrio Barrio La Malena Casco 31 30 1 1 2007-11-17 MEFLG G. Ochoa Colombia Puerto Berrio 31 30 1 1 2007-11-20 MEFLG J. Alvarez Colombia 31 30 1 1 [324,1358,1089,1114] 2005-03-04 MEFLG M. Perez Colombia Turbo 31 30 1 1 MEFLG Vereda El Bosque & G. Ochoa Colombia 1475 Yolombo 31 30 1 1 1970-05-09 ICN G. Zambrano Colombia Barranquilla 31 30 1 1 Atlantico 2006-07-06 2007-10-15 2006-07-06 UARC M. Lobo & M. Moreno Colombia Palmar de Varela Cienaga La Larga 31 30 2 1 1 2006-07-06 UARC Colombia Guaibana Piojo 31 30 1 1 2009-01 UARC M. Moreno Colombia Regidor 8.760972 Corredor 1 -73.86728 Las 31 30 1 1 Bolivar 2009-01 UARC M. Moreno Colombia Las 8.778806 Cuerpos 1 -73.91495 Labrador 31 30 1 1 [192,848,1313,1338] 1999-10-05 1999-10-07 1999-10-05 ICN Colombia Santa Catalina 31 30 2 2 Santa Catalina 1980-09-13 ICN La Dorada & L. Cruz Colombia Caldas 31 30 1 1 Caldas [369,1018,1346,1370] 1974-04-19 ICN A. B. Lotero Colombia 31 30 1 1 1974-04-11 ICN L. Agudelo Colombia 31 30 1 1 [424,1435,1377,1402] 1976-10-12 1978-10-11 1976-10-12 ICN P. Franco Colombia Agua Azul 31 30 2 1 1 Casanare [192,1436,1409,1434] 2005-03-21 ANDES V. Sanchez Colombia 200 4.9883337 Finca San Luis 21 -72.39972 31 30 1 1 [192,1198,1441,1466] 2006-10-22 2007-04 2006-10-22 ICN N. C. Rojas Colombia Chimichagua 31 30 3 2 1 Cesar 2006-10-25 ICN N. C. Rojas Colombia El Paso 31 30 3 3 2007-06-24 CEUA Camino El Aguacate-Pinorroa & C. Bota Colombia Acandi 31 30 1 1 Choco 2005-06-02 2005-06-05 2005-06-02 ANDES C. Botero Colombia 34 8.5796385 Vereda Rufino 1 -77.313194 31 30 2 2 2005-06-24 ANDES Finca El Paraiso & C. Botero Colombia 13 8.587389 Vereda Rufino 1 -77.31075 31 30 1 1 1985-12-10 ICN J. M. Idrobo Colombia Quibdo 31 30 1 1 [343,1435,1601,1626] 2006-07-21 2006-08-15 2006-07-21 ICN N. C. Rojas Colombia Pueblo Nuevo 31 30 6 2 4 Cordoba [192,1135,1633,1658] 2006-07-15 ICN N. C. Rojas Colombia Santa Cruz de Lorica 31 30 1 1 1969-04 ICN Arias Colombia Fusagasuga 31 30 1 1 Cundinamarca [704,1228,1665,1690] 1982-04-01 ICN Colombia Villa Vieja 31 30 1 1 Huila 1975-12 La Gaira Colombia Magdalena 31 30 1 1 Magdalena 1978-01-04 ICN A. Jimenez Colombia Santa Ana 31 30 1 1 [277,931,1729,1754] 2004-04-25 2004-04-26 2004-04-25 ICN Colombia Acacias 31 30 2 1 1 Meta 2004-04-17 ICN Florez Colombia 31 30 1 1 2004-04-01 ANDES L. Perez & E. Realpe Colombia 555 31 30 1 1 [414,1168,1794,1818] 1981-09-03 ICN R. Restrepo Colombia Cumaral 31 30 1 1 ICN L. Richter Colombia Macarena 31 30 1 1 1986-12-21 ICN X. Martinez Colombia La Macarena 31 30 1 1 [349,1074,1857,1882] 1986-12-27 ICN Estudiantes UN Colombia 31 30 1 1 2005-09-03 ICN N. Rojas Colombia Puerto Gaitan 31 30 1 1 [648,1435,1890,1914] 1984-10-13 ICN R. Restrepo Colombia Puerto Lopez 31 30 1 1 [192,848,193,218] 1970-06-06 ICN M. A. Santoyo Colombia 32 31 1 1 1970-06-06 ICN O. M. Santo Colombia Puerto Lopez 32 31 1 1 [458,1302,225,250] 2005-10-22 ICN D. Gaitan Colombia Puerto Lleras 32 31 1 1 1976-09-11 ICN A. Bernal Colombia Restrepo 32 31 1 1 2005-09-21 2005-09-22 2005-09-21 ICN N. C. Rojas Colombia San Juan de Arama 32 31 3 1 2 [627,1100,289,314] 2005-04-20 ICN Colombia Villavicencio 32 31 1 1 2006-11-05 ANDES J. Dumar Colombia 525 Bosque Bavaria 32 31 1 1 2004-12-11 ANDES L. Perez & E. Realpe Colombia 445 4.0619445 Corpoica 21 -73.46917 32 31 3 3 2006-12-11 ANDES T. Ramirez Colombia 385 32 31 1 1 [622,1375,385,410] 2008-03-01 ANDES E. Realpe Colombia 385 32 31 1 1 2004-04-01 ANDES E. Realpe Colombia 100 Laguna San Andres 32 31 1 1 Providencia y Santa Catalina [462,1435,449,474] 2006-10 ANDES L. Perez & E. Realpe Colombia 100 Laguna San Andres 32 31 3 3 Providencia y Santa Catalina [192,985,481,506] 1980-12-05 ICN El Cove & C. Bohorquez Colombia San Andres 32 31 1 1 Providencia y Santa Catalina 5 - 15. xii. 1980, 10. iv. 1984 ICN C. Bohorquez Colombia San Andres 32 31 2 2 San Andres [743,1436,513,538] 2008-07 CEUA J. Velez Colombia Covenas 32 31 1 1 Sucre [192,1245,545,570] 2004-10-16 2004-10-18 2004-10-16 ICN Sist. Animal UN Colombia San Marcos 32 31 3 1 2 2003-10-17 CEUA Grupo Entomologia Colombia San 32 31 1 1 1977-08-22 ICN H. Aristizabal Colombia Ambalema 32 31 1 1 Tolima 1970-11-28 ICN F. Torres Colombia Guamo 32 31 1 1 [348,1115,642,666] 1984-07 ICN L. P. Moreno Colombia Espinal 32 31 1 1 ICN L. E. Aguirre Colombia Melgar 32 31 1 1 1980-07-07 ICN C. Bohorquez Colombia Valle del Cauca 32 31 1 1 Valle del Cauca [276,1357,705,730] 2001-12-02 Curso Ecologia Colombia Bajo Calima 32 31 1 1 2003-09-13 C. Bermudez Colombia Palmira 32 31 1 1 1986-10-05 G. Banquero Colombia Palmira 32 31 1 1 [651,951,834,858] UARC Colombia 32 31 2 2 1982-10-22 E. Valencia Colombia Univalle Cali 32 31 1 1 [371,1306,930,954] 2000-03-30 M. Barrera Colombia Univalle Cali 32 31 1 1 2003-08-13 C. Bermudez Colombia 4.0283337 Jardin Botanico Mateguadua 15 -76.166855 Tulua 32 31 1 1 1988-07-12 1988-10-19 1988-07-12 CNIN La Huerta & E. Ramirez & R. Ayala Mexico Estacion de Biologia Chamela 32 31 1 1 Jalisco 1979-08-18 CNIN G. Jimenez Mexico Playa Escondida 32 31 1 1 Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave RWG J. A. and R. W. Garrison Puerto Rico 386 Hwy Mun. 32 31 2 1 1 Cavey