Additions to the millipede fauna of an Amazonian ferruginous landscape: a new species of Pseudoporatia Golovatch, 1999 widespread in rock outcrops (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae) M., Luiz F. Iniesta Bouzan, Rodrigo S. R., Claudio A. Souza Zampaulo, Robson A. Cizauskas, Igor Brescovit, Antonio D. Zoosystema 2023 2023-09-13 45 16 463 498 Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, MOTS Carajas CLES 2023 Diplopoda Pyrgodesmidae Pseudoporatia Animalia Polydesmida 7 468 Arthropoda species kananciue sp. nov.  ( Figs 1-12)  urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BE0309DC-561A-4FC5-A6DD-EC0EB2B71CBD    TYPE MATERIAL. —  Holotype.  Brazil• 1 ♂; Pará, Parauapebas, FLONA Carajás, cave N4WS_15; 6°3’59”S, 50°11’22”W;  20.IV-04.V.2010; R. Andradeleg.; IBSP 6181.    Paratypes. Brazil• 1 ♂; Pará, Canaãdos Carajás, FLONA Carajás, cave S11C-0023; 6°24’16.4”S, 50°23’13.8”W; 16.III.16; BioSpeleoleg.; IBSP 4725•  1 ♂; Pará, Parauapebas, FLONA Carajás, cave N4E_02; 6°02’26.4”S, 50°09’40.0”W;  20.IV-4. V.2010 R. Andradeleg.; IBSP 6298•  1 ♂; Pará, Parauapebas, FLONA Carajás, cave N5S_21; 6°05’15.4”S, 50°07’33.5”W;  25.VIII-3.IX.2009; R. Andradeleg.; IBSP 6523•  2 ♂, 3 ♀; same collecting data as previous; IBSP 6528•  2 ♂; cave GEM-1481; 6°18’43.2”S, 49°52’57.8”W;  05-15.III.2012; INPA-DI 394(ex IBSP 10569)•  1 ♂, 1 juvenil; cave GEM-1418; 6°16’00.7”S, 49°57’03.2”W;  10-31.I.2013; MPEG-DIP 0175(ex IBSP 10561); •  1 ♂, 1 ♀; cave GEM-1462; 6°18’54.8”S, 49°52’53.5”W;  17.I-02.II.2012; MPEG-DIP 0176(ex IBSP 10959); all from Canaã dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil; F. Pellegattileg.; MPEG-DIP 0176(ex IBSP 10959).   ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet “  kananciue” (Kananciuê), a noun in apposition, refers to the main God of the indigenous tribe “Karajás”, original inhabitants of forests of the Araguaia River and the Serra dos Carajás, where the species is widely distributed.   DIAGNOSIS. —  Pseudoporatia kananciueIniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp.differs clearly from  Pseudoporatia perplexaby having 19 body rings in adults (vs 20 rings in  P. perplexa) ( Fig. 2), collum with 6 +6 lobulations not deeply incised, porosteles on third lobe of paraterga (vs second lobe) ( Fig. 3B, C). Gonopods with telopodites partially exposed from gonocoel (vs telopodites largely concealed inside prominent gonocoel). Gonopods with prefemoral region having a broad, fringed lamella covering solenomere anteriorly ( Figs 9C, E, F; 10B-D); prefemoral process complex, with anteromedial branchlet and broad lamella; second fringed lamella distally covering solenomere ( Figs 9C, F; 10D, F); post-prefemoral region somewhat lamellar distally, fringed, with bifid branchlet ( Fig. 9D); solenomere distally branching into spinulate branchlets ( Figs 10E; 11B), and without a fringe near the subterminal opening of the seminal groove ( Fig. 11B).    ADDITIONAL  MATERIAL  EXAMINED. — 1377 individuals ( 746 males, 427 females, and 204 juveniles) were examined throughout this study. An extensive list of the examined material and their localities are given in the Appendix 1.   DISTRIBUTION. — The species is widely distributed in ferruginous caves in the large plateaus of rock outcrops of the Serra dos Carajás region, such as Serra Norte, Sul, Leste, Tarzan, and Bocaina, and from the municipalities São Félix do Xingu and São Geraldo do Araguaia ( Figs 1A-C; 12).   DESCRIPTION  Measurement  Holotypetotal length 7.8 mm, width of midbody rings 2 mm; male paratypes 6.6-6.8 mmtotal length, width of midbody rings 1.5-1.7. Female paratypes 6.8-7.4 mmtotal length, width of midbody rings 1.5-1.6. Live coloration whitish, when longpreserved in 70% ethanol slightly orangish, legs and antennae faded. Body rings widely crusted by sediments of iron ore.  Somatic characters Body with 19 body rings in both sexes ( Fig. 2). Head round, dorsal surface microgranulate ( Fig. 5A, B), labral and supra-labral region densely setose ( Fig. 5A, C). Interantennal isthmus about as wide as diameter of antennal socket. Antennae slightly clavate, in situreaching body ring 4 when stretched ventrolaterally ( Fig.5A, C); antennomeres proportion 1<2<3>4<5>6>7; antennomeres 5-6 with apicodorsal tufts of bacilliform sensilla ( Fig. 4, at); antennomeres 4-7 with long, apicodorsal setae ( Fig. 4A, B). Gnathochilarium squareshaped ( Fig. 5E, F); mentum subtriangular, apparently with short setae only distally; stipes elongated, subrectangular, with scattered setae basally and 4-5 setae distally; lamellae linguales subrectangular, with scattered setae. Apical palps elongated ( Fig. 5F). Mandibles with one elongated and other short external teeth ( Fig. 5D); internal teeth with 5-6 lobes, with the second larger and the remaining decreasing in size from posterior to anterior; number of pectinate lamellae variable, c.7-9 lamellae. Collum flabellate, completely covering the head in dorsal view ( Figs 2; 5A); with 6+ 6 lobulations not deeply incised. Paraterga slightly directed downwards ( Figs 2; 3A, B), subhorizontal; clearly lobulated laterally, with three rounded and moderately incised lobulations on body rings 2-18 ( Fig. 3B, C); cylindrical porosteles (p) located between the second and third lobulations on body rings 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, and 16 ( Fig. 3C). Posterior margin with lobulations directed laterally; anterior margin without lobulations. Dorsum convex; tegument strongly encrusted with cerotegument coated with soil sediments of iron ore, dull, beset with microvilli ( Figs 2; 3A). Limbus composed of palette-like lobes with spine-like anterolateral projections ( Fig. 6C, D). Prozonae and metazonae finely alveolate; metaterga with usual three longitudinal rows of relatively large, rounded paramedian (PM) and dorsolateral (DL) lobes ( Fig. 6A, B), and with irregularly scattered, middorsal and intercalary flat small ones ( Fig. 3B, C). PM and DL lobes decreasing in size and inclined caudad toward telson. Paraterga 2 not enlarged, paraterga 18 and 19 directed posteriorly ( Fig. 8A). Body rings microgranulate and micropapillate ventrally ( Fig. 7A-D). Ventral surface of prozonae with regular covering of spherical knobs, and anterior surface with papilla-like cuticular outgrowths ( Fig. 7D). Epiproct relatively short, subtruncate, divided into 2 + 2 subtriangular lobes at posterior margin ( Fig. 8A, B); laterally with 1+ 1 small, rounded, bearing-setae lobes ( Fig. 8C), and rows of spatulate-like setae ( Fig. 8D, ssp); with 4 long, conical spinnerets ( Fig. 8E, F). Hypoproct subtriangular, with 1 +1 long setae on paramedian lobes ( Fig. 8C). Legs not visible from above, unmodified ( Fig. 7E); podomeres with long setae mesally, tarsus densely setose, tarsal claw slightly curved ventrally.Prefemur and femur microgranulate laterally.Tarsus slender and longer than remaining podomeres. Proportions of podomeres: coxae <prefemur ≈ femur> postfemur <tibia <tarsus. Tarsus of anterior legs of males with spatulate-like setae mesally, and femur with subrectangular, fringed setae located mesally ( Fig. 7F).   FIG. 3. — SEM of  Pseudoporatia kananciueIniesta,Bouzan,Souza & Brescovit, n. sp., female: A, habitus,lateral view (IBSP 10822); B, midbody paraterga, lateral view (IBSP 10822); C, distal region of midbody paratergum, lateral view (IBSP 10929); D, detail of ozospore, lateral view (IBSP 10929), with an associate fungus detailed. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 200 µm; C, 100 µm; D, 40 µm.  Male sexual characters Gonopodal aperture transversely oval ( Fig. 2B); in situwith telopodites crossing each other ( Fig. 9A). Gonopods rather complex: coxae (cx) large, setose, strongly papillate laterally ( Figs 9A; 10B, C); cannula simple ( Figs 10A; 11A, ca). Telopodite partially exposed from gonocoel. Prefemoral region densely setose ( Fig. 10B), with a prominent, setose hump in posterior position ( Fig. 10B, C); with a broad, hyaline, and fringed lamella (pl) covering solenomere anteriorly ( Figs 9A, C, F; 10B, C; 11B). Prefemoral process curved mesad; with anteromedial subunciform branchlet finely fringed ( Fig. 10F), and a second fringed lamella (sl) covering solenomere distally ( Figs 9A, C, E, F; 10; 11B, C). Post-prefemoral region finely setose ( Figs 9F; 10D-F); with branch thickened, slightly constricted medially, fringed marginally ( Fig. 10F); distal region somewhat lamellar, fringed, and with a subfalcate, bifid branchlet ( Fig. 9C-D, sb). Solenomere (so) arising medially, covered basally by prefemoral lamella and distally by secondary lamella ( Figs 9E, F; 10A, E, F; 11B). Solenomere strongly fringed, distally branching into secondary, spinulate branchlets ( Fig. 11B); subterminal opening of seminal groove ( Fig. 11C, osg).   FIG. 4. — SEM of  Pseudoporatia kananciueIniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp., female (IBSP 10929): A, last antennomeres, distal view; B, seventh antennomere, lateral view; C, detail of tufts on sixth antennomere, lateral view; D, detail of anterior tufts on fifth antennomere, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 50 µm; C, D, 40 µm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.  Female sexual characters Vulvae (vv) fully exposed from transversely oval aperture ( Figs 2D; 6E); setose marginally, subcylindrical; operculum setose ( Fig. 6F).   ECOLOGICAL REMARKS The ferruginous caves of Carajás where  P. kananciueIniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp.have been found are usually superficial in the outcrops, with an average horizontal projection of c.30 metres (longest cave with 1500 metres in size). These caves are surrounded by forest or rocky fields, connected with each other by a huge network of small channels (canaliculi), considerably expanding the species habitat and allowing the flow of populations between the outcrops (see Ferreira et al.2015). Adults and immatures of  P. kananciueIniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp.are mostly observed in deeper areas within the caves, usually in the aphotic zone, and preferring moist areas with any organic debris ( Fig. 1D, E). The main organic matters in these caves are root mats of external vegetation and guano piles, with large populations of  P. kananciueIniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, n. sp.commonly observed close to huge deposits of guano of bats of the families Mormoopidae de Saussure, 1860and Phyllostomidae Gray, 1825. Most of the caves where the species have been found in the Serra dos Carajás are in a relatively well-preserved area. Nonetheless, the original epigean phytophysiognomy of the region has been extensively altered over the last 30 years, with the vegetation nowadays partially represented by pastures or non-native plantations, mainly on areas located outside conservation units ( Fig. 12) (for more details, Mota et al.2015). 4412261312 2010-04-20 2010-05-04 2010-04-20 IBSP R. Andrade Brazil -6.066389 FLONA Carajas 21 -50.189445 Parauapebas 7 468 IBSP 6181 1 1 Para holotype 4412261311 IBSP BioSpeleo Brazil -6.404556 Para 1 -50.38717 Canaa 7 468 IBSP 4725 1 1 paratype 4412261304 2010-04-20 2010-05-04 2010-04-20 FLONA, V, R Andrade Brazil Carajas -6.0406666 Para 1 -50.161114 Parauapebas 7 468 IBSP 6298 1 1 paratype 4412261302 2009-08-25 2009-09-03 2009-08-25 FLONA, R Andrade Brazil Carajas -6.087611 Para 1 -50.12597 Parauapebas 7 468 IBSP 6523 1 1 paratype 4412261301 2009-08-25 2009-09-03 2009-08-25 IBSP Andrade Brazil Carajas -6.087611 Para 1 -50.12597 Parauapebas 7 468 IBSP 6528 5 3 2 paratype 4412261305 2012-03-05 2012-03-15 2012-03-05 IBSP Brazil -6.3120003 1 -49.88272 7 468 INPA-DI 394, IBSP 10569 2 2 paratype 4412261309 2013-01-10 2013-01-31 2013-01-10 IBSP Brazil -6.2668614 1 -49.95089 7 468 MPEG-DIP 0175, IBSP 10561 2 1 1 paratype 4412261313 2012-01-17 2012-02-02 2012-01-17 IBSP F. Pellegatti Brazil -6.3152223 1 -49.881527 7 468 MPEG-DIP 0176, IBSP 10959 2 1 1 paratype