Pseudotryphosa Sars, 1891: 83 Tryphosella Bonnier, 1893: 170 Barnard, 1969: 365 Thurston, 1974: 16 Lincoln, 1979: 82 Ruffo, 1985: 280 Tryphosella castellata (K.H. Barnard, 1932 ) Barnard 1932: 53 T. cicadopsis ( Schellenberg, 1926 ) Uristidae T. cucullata ( Walker, 1904 ) T. erosa ( Meinert, 1890 ) T. gracilipes ( Stephensen, 1925 ) Stephensen 1925: 115 T. intermedia ( Schellenberg, 1926 ) Schellenberg 1926: 270 T. laevis ( Bonnier, 1896 ) Uristidae T. murrayi ( Walker, 1903 ) T. paramoi ( Schellenberg, 1931 ) Uristidae T. schellenbergi Lowry & Bullock, 1976 Uristidae Tmetonyx serratus T. trigonica ( Stebbing, 1888 ) Uristidae T. trionyx ( Stephensen, 1925 ) Stephensen 1925: 115 T. triplans (J.L. Barnard, 1962 ) T. tuberculimana ( Lagardère, 1968 ) Tryphosella T. uristesi Bellan-Santini, 1997 Uristidae The tryphosine genera Photosella gen. nov. and Tryphosella Bonnier, 1893 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Lysianassidae: Tryphosinae) in Australian waters 2956 Lowry, J. K. Stoddart, H. E. Zootaxa 2011 2011-07-08 2956 1 1 76 7Q5FT Bonnier, 1893 Bonnier 1893 [151,471,1723,1750] Malacostraca Tryphosidae Tryphosella Animalia Amphipoda 11 12 Arthropoda genus      Pseudotryphosa Sars, 1891: 83.   Tryphosella Bonnier, 1893: 170. —J.L.  Barnard, 1969: 365. —  Thurston, 1974: 16. —  Lincoln, 1979: 82. —  Ruffo, 1985: 280. — Oleröd, 1987: 155. — Diviacco & Ruffo, 1989: 559. — Barnard & Karaman, 1991: 536. — Lowry & Stoddart, 1995:  131. — Kilgallen et al., 2006: 1067.  Tryphosa. — Sars, 1891: 75(in part). — Stebbing, 1906: 68(in part).   FIGURE 5.  Photosella mucronata( Pirlot, 1936). Female, 14.2 mm, AM P.71831; male, 15.2 mm, AM P.71834; North West Shelf. Scales for A1, A2 represent 0.5 mm; remainder represent 0.2 mm.   FIGURE 6.  Photosella mucronata( Pirlot, 1936). Female, 14.2 mm, AM P.71831, North West Shelf. Scales represent 0.5 mm.  Diagnostic description. Bodynot expanded to form a lateral bulge, without dorsal carina. Antenna 1accessory flagellum not forming cap, terminal article not offset. Antenna 2peduncular article 3 short; articles 4 and/or 5 sometimes enlarged in male.  Mandiblemolar with asymmetrically reduced column, proximally setose, distally triturating; palp attached about midway.  Maxilla 1setal-tooth 7, left and right asymmetrical(rarely symmetrical), left cuspidate along most of curved inner margin, right cuspidate along most of sinsusoidal inner margin.  Gnathopod 1subchelate (occasionally simple in male); coxa large, slightly or significantly shorter than coxa 2, tapering distally or subquadrate; carpus long (length 2 or more x breadth), (occasionally short); propodus margins subparallel (except when gnathopod 1 simple). Pereopod 4with a well-developed posteroventral lobe. Pereopod 5coxa without distinct lateral ridge; basis without photophore, posterior margin without mid-central spine, posteroventral lobe or posteroventral spine.  Urosomite 1not projecting over urosomite 2. Uropod 2inner ramus without constriction (rarely with). Uropod 3peduncle without dorsolateral flange; plumose setae on rami in male (occasionally also in female).   Telsondeeply cleft (more than 64%).    Typespecies.  Tryphosella sarsi Bonnier, 1893, selected by J.L. Barnard, 1969.  Confirmed species.  Tryphosellaincludes 40 species:  T. abyssalis( Stephensen, 1925);  T. ama Lowry & Stoddart, 1994;  T. angulata( Sars, 1895);  T. apalachicola Lowry & Stoddart, 1997;  T. astrolabensis Lowry & Stoddart, 1995;  T. bet Lowry & Stoddart, 2009;  T. betka  sp. nov.;  T. bicheno  sp. nov.;  T. biloba( Stephensen, 1925);  T. californica( Hurley, 1963);  T. camela( Stebbing, 1910);  T. cameloides Lowry & Stoddart, 2009;  T. chinchilla  sp. nov.;  T. cooee  sp. nov.;  T. flynnana Lowry & Stoddart, 2009;  T. fortescue  sp. nov.;  T. freycinet  sp. nov.;  T. horingi( Boeck, 1871);  T. insignis( Bonnier, 1896);  T. longidactyla Ruffo, 1985;  T. longisetaRenin Ren & Huang, 1991;  T. lowryi Kilgallen, Myers & McGrath, 2006;  T. martrudan  sp. nov.;  T. metacaeculaJ.L. Barnard, l967;  T. minima(Chevreux, 1911);  T. moana Kilgallen, 2009;  T. oranaJ.L. Barnard, 1972;  T. oupi Lowry & Stoddart, 1994;  T. quadrata(J.L. Barnard, 1962);  T. rodondo  sp. nov.;  T. sarsi Bonnier, 1893;  T. seasana Lowry & Stoddart, 2009;  T. serans Lowry & Stoddart, 1983;  T. sorell  sp. nov.;  T. tathra  sp. nov.;  T. toowoomba  sp. nov.;  T. tuckanarra  sp. nov.;  T. umbonatus( Sars, 1883);  T. wangaratta  sp. nov.;  T. wongada Lowry & Stoddart, 1995.  Possible species.The following 24 taxa are currently placed in  Tryphosella. For each taxon there is insufficient information about the gnathopod 1 coxa and/or the mouthparts to confirm or reject this placement. Although for many of them it is not possible to decide if they are tryphosines or uristids (because the mouthparts have not been described), they are probably mostly tryphosines.  T. analogica(K.H. Barnard, 1932);  T. barentsi( Gurjanova, 1929);  T. bispinosa( Schellenberg, 1931);  T. caecoides(J.L. Barnard, 1962);  T. compressa( Sars, 1895);  T. coxalis(J.L. Barnard, 1962);  T. groenlandica( Schellenberg, 1935);  T. index(J.L. Barnard, 1966);  T. insignioides( Stephensen, 1925);  T. longichela( Stephensen, 1925);  T. macropareia( Schellenberg, 1926);  T. marri Thurston, 1974;  T. nanoides( Lilljeborg, 1865);  T. orchomenoides( Stephensen, 1925);  T. oxystoma( Stephensen, 1925);  T. propinqua( Chevreux, 1926);  T. pusilla( Sars, 1879);  T. rotundata( Stephensen, 1925);  T. schneideri( Stephensen, 1921);  T. serrata( Schellenberg, 1931);  T. simillima Ruffo, 1985;  T. spitzbergensis( Chevreux, 1926);  T. triangula( Stephensen, 1925);  T. triangularis(K.H. Barnard, 1932).  Excluded species.Fifteen species are excluded:     Tryphosella castellata(K.H. Barnard, 1932): coxa 1 is described as ‘distally widened’ (K.H.  Barnard 1932: 53).   T. cicadopsis( Schellenberg, 1926): the setal teeth of maxilla 1 outer plate extend well down the face of the plate, indicating a placement in Uristidae( Schellenberg 1926: fig. 22e).   T. cucullata( Walker, 1904): coxa 1 is expanded anteroventrally ( Walker 1904: pl. 4, fig. 8).   T. erosa( Meinert, 1890): coxa 1 is expanded anteroventrally ( Meinert 1890: fig. 25).    T. gracilipes( Stephensen, 1925): coxa 1 is "rather broad, expanded toward the apex" (  Stephensen 1925: 115).    T. intermedia( Schellenberg, 1926): coxa 1 is not shortened or tapered (  Schellenberg 1926: 270, fig. 17d).   T. laevis( Bonnier, 1896): coxa 1 is not shortened or tapered; maxilla 2 inner plate is much shorter than outer plate; molar appears to be a setose tongue ( Bonnier 1896: pl. 35 fig. 5). This species belongs in the family Uristidae.  T. murrayi( Walker, 1903): based on examination of specimens in the Australian Museum collection (AM P.3190)  this taxon has maxilla 1 outer plate setal teeth in a 7/4 crown arrangement and maxilla 2 inner plate much shorter than the outer plate so belongs in the family Uristidaeand the genus  Uristesas Hurley (1965)indi- cated.    T. paramoi( Schellenberg, 1931): coxa 1 is not shortened or tapered; maxilla 2 inner plate is much shorter than the outer plate ( Schellenberg 1931: figs 20, 21). This species belongs in the family Uristidae.   T. schellenbergi Lowry & Bullock, 1976: coxa 1 is not shortened or tapered; the setal teeth of maxilla 1 outer plate extend well down the face of the plate, indicating a placement in Uristidae( Schellenberg 1931: fig. 19, as  Tmetonyx serratus).   T. trigonica( Stebbing, 1888): the setal teeth of maxilla 1 outer plate extend well down the face of the plate and maxilla 2 inner plate is much shorter than the outer plate, indicating a placement in Uristidae( Stebbing 1888: pl. 9).    T. trionyx( Stephensen, 1925): coxa 1 is "apically somewhat expanded" (  Stephensen 1925: 115).   T. triplans(J.L. Barnard, 1962): coxa 1 is nearly as long as coxa 2 and very slightly tapered (J.L. Barnard, 1962: fig. 18).   T. tuberculimana( Lagardère, 1968): coxa 1 is nearly as long as coxa 2 and only slightly tapered, gnathopod 1 carpus and propodus not like that of  Tryphosella( Lagardère 1968: pls 1, 2).   T. uristesi Bellan-Santini, 1997: coxa 1 is as large as coxa 2 and not tapering; maxilla 2 inner plate is much shorter than the outer plate ( Bellan-Santini 1997: fig. 11). This species belongs in the family Uristidae.   Remarks. Stebbing (1906)synonymised  Pseudotryphosa Sars, 1891with  Uristes Dana, 1849. Barnard & Karaman (1991)maintained  Pseudotryphosaas a junior synonym of  Uristesand it has remained that way until now. But the arrangement of the maxilla 1 setal-teeth, the relative lengths of the maxilla 2 plates and the strongly triturating mandibular molar are more similar to those of a tryphosine. The shortened, tapering first coxa puts  Pseudotryphosain the genus  Tryphosella.We here transfer  P. umbonata( Sars, 1883)to  Tryphosellaand regard  Pseudotryphosaas a synonym of  Tryphosella. See Appendix 1 for an explanation of the reversal of precedence for these two names. Three tryphosine genera (  Cedrosella Barnard & Karaman, 1987,  ThrombasiaJ.L. Barnard, 1966and  Tryphosella) have molars with an asymmetrically reduced triturating column and a reduced, tapering gnathopod 1 coxae.  Cedroselladiffers from the other two genera, in among other things, the accessory flagellum which forms a cap and the weakly developed posteroventral lobe of the pereopod 4 coxa.  Thrombasiaand  Tryphosellaare very similar. They only differ in the mandibular palp which is attached distally in  Thrombasiaand midway in  Tryphosella; in the maxilla 1 ST7 which is cuspidate distally in  Thrombasiaand cuspidate along most of the sinsusoidal inner margin in  Tryphosella; and in the telson which is moderately cleft in  Thrombasiaand deeply cleft in  Tryphosella. Currently  Thrombasiais in synonymy with  Schisturella Norman, 1900(see Barnard & Karaman 1991: 526). We see no justification for this synonymy and re-establish the genus.   Tryphosellais a world-wide genus which often dominates scavenging guilds ( Lowry & Stoddart 1983; Lowry & Stoddart 1995; Lowry & Smith 2003; De Broyer et al. 2004). There are a number of distinctive characters, particularly in the Indo-West Pacific area, which are useful in recognising species groups. However, when a wider range of characters are considered, these "groups" are not mutually exclusive. 1. Species in which coxa 1 is small (length 1–1.4 x breadth) and subtriangular:  T. ama, T. astrolabensis, T. betka, T. bicheno, T. fortescue, T. freycinet, T. martrudan, T. orana, T. rodondo, T. seasana, T. sorell, T. tathra, T. toowoomba. 2. Species with a long ischium on gnathopod 1:  T. ama, T. astrolabensis, T. bicheno, T. seasana, T. wongada. 3. Species with robust setae on the callynophore and proximal articles of antenna 1:  T. astrolabensis, T. bet, T. bicheno, T. chinchilla, T. cooee, T. wongada. 4. Species in which the basis of gnathopod 1 is densely setose:  T. chinchilla, T. cooee, T. rodondo. 5. Species in which the male gnathopod 1 is simple (as opposed to subchelate):  T. betka, T. martrudan, T. toowoomba, T. wangaratta. 6. Species in which some or all of the robust setae on the outer rami of uropods 1 and 2 are stout and striated:  T. fortescue, T. freycinet, T. orana, T. sorell, T. tathra, T. tuckanarra. 7. Species in which the antenna 2 of the mature male is short (about as long as antenna 2, as opposed to the elongate antenna 2 of many mature lysianassoid males):  T. betka, T. chinchilla, T. martrudan, T. wongada. 8. Species in which the proximal calceolus of male antenna 1 is very large compared to the subsequent calceoli:  T. camela, T. fortescue, T. sorell.