Huffaker et al. 1954: 786 Gonatocerus Clausen 1978: 56 Gonatocerus Clausen 1978: 56 Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Palaearctic region, with notes on extralimital distributions Triapitsyn, Serguei V. Zootaxa 2013 2013-04-30 3644 1 1 178 Triapitsyn Triapitsyn [151,675,1881,1907] Insecta Mymaridae Gonatocerus Animalia Hymenoptera 70 71 Arthropoda species kazak sp. nov. Lymaenon  ( Figs 113–115)    Lymaenon“A”:  Huffaker et al.1954: 786–788(host association, imported from Spain, mass-reared in California and released in the western USA, see “Comments” to  G. litoralis).     Gonatocerus“A”:  Clausen 1978: 56(host association, information on releases in California).  ?  Gonatocerus“ Y”:  Clausen 1978: 56(host association, information on releases in California).   Type material.  Holotype female[ ZIN] on slide:  RUSSIA. KRASNODARSKIY KRAY, Krasnodar, All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection,  31.viii.2003, V.V. Kostjukov[ UCRC ENT 263623]. The holotype lacks 1 fore leg and a pair of wings.  Paratypes: same location and collector as the holotype:  16– 17.viii.2001[ 1 Ƥon slide, UCRC];   31.viii.2003[ 2 Ƥon slides, CNCI, UCRC]. STAVROPOL’SKIY KRAY, Prietokskiy,  12.viii.2003, V.V. Kostjukov[ 1 Ƥon slide, UCRC].   FIGURES 113–115.  Gonatocerus( Lymaenon) kazakƤ (113, 114—holotype; 115—paratype): 113, antenna; 114, body; 115, wings.  Material examined.   SPAIN.CÁDIZ, El Puerto de Santa María,  19.viii.1952, J.K. Holloway (on  Heliotropium europaeum[as “ ExHeliotrope”], Holloway’s “No. 9-4”, University of California, Berkeley( UCB) quarantine (Albany, California, USA) SR No. 52-29, received  25.viii.1952) [ 2 Ƥ, 4 3, EMEC]. These specimens, identified by R.L. Doutt as  Lymaenon“A”, are uncleared and poorly mounted in gum Damar (Damar balsam medium) under the same coverslip on a slide and therefore are not included in the paratypeseries. Four females [ EMEC] on 2 slides labeled: “ Spain. Aug. 1952. Emerged in Quarantine, Albany, Calif. Ex various plants. Used in rearing tests on beet leafhopper. J.K. Holloway.” are also excluded from the type series.  Other records.   USA. CALIFORNIA, Alameda Co., Albany, UCB insectary/quarantine:  7.i.1953, G.L. Finney(insectary culture of   Lymaenon“A” from eggsof   Neoaliturus(  Circulifer) tenellus( Baker)[as   Circulifertenellus( Baker)] on sugar beet) [ 23 Ƥ, EMEC];   31.vii.1953(“   Lymaenon“ A” 1st generation on  C. tenellus”) [ 3 Ƥ, EMEC];   31.vii.1953(“   Lymaenon“A” Insectarystock”) [ 2 Ƥ, EMEC];   27.i.1954, G.L. Finney(insectary culture of   Lymaenon“A” from eggsof  N. tenelluson sugar beet) [ 31 Ƥ, 2 3, EMEC]; originally from:  SPAIN.[According to the unpublished quarantine records at UCB (Kent M. Daane, personal communication), the originators of the successfully established colonies of  Lymaenonsp. “A” and “B” ( Huffaker et al.1954) were collected by J.K. Holloway in Spain likely in various localities during 1952 and 1953(the host was  N. tenelluson various plant material) and received in UCB quarantine under several Shipper/Receiver (SR) numbers, but the exact localities and collecting dates for the original stocksof these colonies are now impossible to figure out].   Description.FEMALE (type material only). Body length (dry-mounted paratypesmeasured before being slide-mounted) about 700 µm. Head and mesosoma brown to dark brown, gaster and appendages mostly brown. Antenna ( Fig. 113) with radicle 0.31–0.33× total length of scape, rest of scape 3.2–3.4× as long as wide, faintly sculptured; pedicel longer than F1; F1, F2 and F4 subequal in length and a little shorter than other funicle segments, F8 usually the longest and broadest funicle segment (subequal to F7 when the latter bears 2 mps); mps on F6 (usually 0, rarely 1 on one antenna), F7 (usually 1, sometimes 2) and F8 (2); clava with 8 mps, 2.7–3.3× as long as wide, about as long as combined length of F6–F8 or a little shorter when F7 bears 2 mps. Mesosoma ( Fig. 114). Propodeum with submedian lines rather close to each other. Fore wing ( Fig. 115) 3.2–3.3× as long as wide; longest marginal seta 0.29–0.34× maximum wing width; disc with a slight brownish tinge, mostly bare behind submarginal vein except behind its apex and setose elsewhere although somewhat a little sparser between marginal vein and cubital row of setae. Hindwing ( Fig. 115) 20–21× as long as wide; disc unevenly setose and with a slight brownish tinge; longest marginal seta 2.5–2.8× maximum wing width. Metasoma ( Fig. 114). Gaster longer than mesosoma. Petiole about 2× as wide as long. Ovipositor occupying about 0.7× length of gaster, not or at most barely exserted beyond its apex; ovipositor length: mesotibia length ratio 1.2–1.4:1. Measurements (µm) of the holotype. Body 769; mesosoma 264; petiole 21; gaster 351; ovipositor 264. Antenna: radicle 43; rest of scape 94; pedicel 45; F1 25; F2 24; F3 30; F4 26; F5 32; F6 33; F7 36; F8 39; clava 118. Fore wing 702:215; longest marginal seta 73. Hindwing 561:27; longest marginal seta 76. MALE (non-type specimens from El Puerto de Santa María, Spain). Similar to female except for normal sexually dimorphic features such as antenna and genitalia; fore wing 2.9–3.0× as long as wide. Also known as voucher specimens of  Lymaenon“A” from the culture in California, USAof Spainorigin ( Huffaker et al.1954).   Diagnosis.  Gonatocerus kazakis similar to  G. thyridesand specimens of  G. litoralisthat lack mps on F5 of the female antenna.  Gonatocerus kazakdiffers from both by having only 8 mps on the clava (10 mps in the latter two species). See also the diagnosis of  G. karlik.   Etymology.The species name (a noun in apposition) is that of a cossack (“ kazak” in Russian). Kubancossacks live in the Krasnodar region (Krasnodarskiy kray) of Russiawhere most of specimens of the type series of this new species were collected.  Host.  Neoaliturus( Circulifer) tenellus( Baker)[as  Circulifer tenellus( Baker)] ( Cicadellidae) ( Huffaker et al.1954) [as  Lymaenon“A”].   Comments.Specimens from one R.L. Doutt's slide containing 7 femalesand 1 malewere soaked off in absolute ethanol, cleared in 10% KOH, and remounted onto individual slides thus making possible to count mps on the clava ( 8 inall the specimens); they are also identical in every other regard to the specimens of the type series of  G. kazak. According to Clausen (1978), 127,810 individuals of  Gonatocerus“A” originating from Spainwere released in the beet-growing areas of California during 1953–1955and its field recoveries were made during the latter part of the season of release, but they apparently did not persist, and thus the species did not become established there (see also “Comments” to  G. litoralis). The following specimens also may possibly belong to this species:  EGYPT.GIZA, Giza,? v.1954, C.B. Huffaker, “on  Chenopodiumsp. at Pyramids”, emerged 4.vi.1954at UCB quarantine (Albany, California, USA, SR # 54-17), presumed host  N. tenellus[1 Ƥ, EMEC].  USA.CALIFORNIA, Alameda Co., Albany, University of California, Berkeley (UCB) quarantine laboratory (progeny on  N. tenelluseggs on sugar beet): 4.vi.1954(“  Lymaenon“ Y” progeny on  C. tenellus54-11 Yachech to insectary 6/4/54”) [10 Ƥ, 6 3, EMEC]; 22.vi.1954, J. Nakata (  Lymaenon“ Y”) [11 Ƥ, 4 3, EMEC] – originally from:  MOROCCO.SOUSS-MASSA-DRAÂ, Agadir, Yachech [according to the unpublished quarantine records at UCB, SR No. 54-11 referred to the material reared by C.B. Huffaker from eggs of  C. tenelluson various plants in Agadir’s section of Yachech and received in UCB quarantine 10.v.1954]. 3743752351 2003-08-31 ZIN, UCRC V. V. Kostjukov Russia KRASNODARSKIY KRAY 71 72 ENT 263623 1 1 holotype 3743752335 2001-08-16 2001-08-17 2001-08-16 UCRC 71 72 1 1 paratype 3743752321 [578,1089,357,381] 2003-08-31 CNCI, UCRC 71 72 2 2 3743752364 2003-08-12 UCRC V. V. Kostjukov Prietokskiy 71 72 1 1 3743752340 1952-08-19 1952-08-25 1952-08-19 UCB, EMEC Spain Berkeley Berkeley 71 72 3 2 California 3743752342 1953-01-07 EMEC G. L. Finney United States of America Alameda Co. Lymaenon Albany 72 73 24 1 23 CALIFORNIA 3743752314 1953-07-31 A, EMEC Lymaenon Lymaenon 72 73 3 3 3743752359 [252,941,407,432] 1953-07-31 EMEC Lymaenon 72 73 2 2 3743752370 1954-01-27 EMEC G. L. Finney Lymaenon 72 73 32 1 31 3743752354 Spain SPAIN 72 73 1