New shallow-water sponges (Porifera) from the Galápagos Islands Sim-Smith, Carina Hickman, Cleveland Kelly, Michelle Zootaxa 2021 2021-08-02 5012 1 1 71 8NFKS Sim-Smith & Hickman & Kelly, 2021 Sim-Smith & Hickman & Kelly 2021 [151,369,1086,1113] Demospongiae Tetillidae Cinachyrella Animalia Tetractinellida 36 37 Porifera species solis sp. nov.  ( Fig. 17)   Material examined.  Holotype—MCCDRS9476, Darwin’s Arch, 1.672° N, 91.991° W, 20.4 m, 14 Nov 2003.    Typelocality. Darwin’s Arch, Darwin Island.  Habitat and distribution.Only known from typelocality. Found growing on rock;  20 m.   Description.Globular sponge, 30 mmin diameter, with a furry, hispid surface and numerous scattered, sometimes quite large porocalices. Much sandy debris and filamentous red algae are present on the surface. Colour in life is golden yellow, colour in ethanol is tan ( Fig. 17A). Texture is very firm, not compressible.  Skeleton.Radial, dense bundles of oxeas radiate out from the centre of the sponge to protrude beyond the surface of the sponge. No ectosomal layer is present ( Fig. 17B). Oxeas are the most common megasclere. Protriaenes are common, particularly protriaene/prodiaenes II, positioned with their cladomes just below the surface of the sponge. ( Fig. 17C). Anatriaenes are rare. Sigmaspires are abundantly scattered throughout the choanosome.  Spicules. Megascleres—oxeas, large and stout, 3165 (2113–4095) × 25 (17–33) µm (n = 20) ( Fig. 17H). Protriaene I, 4208 (3056–4905) µm long (n = 6), with a variable shaped cladome; cladome width 40 (25–76) µm (n = 15) ( Fig. 17E). Protriaene/prodiaenes II, with an extremely fine shaft, 1408 (1177–1970) µm long (n = 10), and a small, narrow U-shaped cladome with two or three clads; cladome width 12 (7–19) µm (n = 20) ( Fig. 17F–G). Anatriaenes, very long with an extremely slender shaft making it extremely difficult to obtain whole spicules, up to 6700 µm long, with a narrow, flat cladome 53 (24–88) µm (n = 20) ( Fig. 17D). Microscleres—sigmaspires, 10 (7–14) µm (n = 20) ( Fig. 17I).   Etymology.Named for the sun-shaped golden orb of this species (Latin = ‘of the sun’).   Remarks.Only one species of  Cinachyrellahas been previously described from the Galápagos Islands—  C. desqueyrouxae Van Soest & Hooper, 2020, which differs from  C. solis  sp. nov.in that the former possesses orthotriaenes, plagiotriaenes and microxeas, but no protriaenes.   FIGURE 16.  Penares angeli  sp. nov.holotype, MCCDRS9410: A. In situ. B.Deck photo. C.Cross section of the microrhabd and microxea crust in the cortex and the orthotriaenes underneath. D.Cross section of the choanosome showing the scattered microrhabds, microxeas and oxyasters. E.Orthotriaene. F.Microxeas. G.Microrhabds. H.Oxyasters.   FIGURE 17.  Cinachyrella solis  sp. nov.holotype, MCCDRS9476: A.Deck photo. B.Cross section showing the radial architecture of the skeleton. C.Cross section showing the location of protrianes II (arrow) below the surface. D.Anatriaene. E.Protriaene I. F.Protriaene II. G.Prodiaene II. H.Oxea. I.Sigmaspires.  Genus  Craniella Schmidt, 1870   Diagnosis. Tetillidaewithout porocalices, with a distinct cortex strengthened by special cortical oxeas. Globular sponges with conulose but optically smooth surface over most of the upper body; at the base there are bundles of spicules acting as a root. Oscules few, usually on top. Megascleres, protriaenes, anatriaenes, choanosomal oxeas, shorter cortical oxeas. Microscleres, sigmaspires (may be lost not infrequently) (from Van Soest & Rützler 2002). [199,705,1230,1256] Darwin's Arch Darwin Island 36 37 1 holotype